scholarly journals Dynamics of Growth and Nitrogen Capture in Winter Oilseed Rape Hybrid and Line Cultivars under Contrasting N Supply

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Zhang ◽  
Piaopiao Lu ◽  
Tao Ren ◽  
Jianwei Lu ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Parental Lines

Cultivation of winter oilseed rape hybrids has been introduced as a promising solution to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and to reduce the large N balance surpluses in this crop. To achieve a better understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms, field experiments were conducted over two years to investigate the dynamics of growth and N capture in an oilseed rape hybrid and its parental lines under both low (0 kg ha−1) and high (180 kg ha−1) N supply. The results showed that the dynamic trajectories of crop growth and N capture could be accurately characterized by logistic equation using growing degree days as the independent variable. At both N rates, the oilseed rape hybrid outperformed the parental lines in seed yield and aboveground biomass accumulation, which was more closely associated with the longer duration (td) of the rapid growth period (RGP), than with the higher maximum growth rate (vm). N uptake was the main factor driving genotypic variation in seed yield, with an increasing importance of N utilization efficiency at high N supply. The hybrid had significantly higher N uptake than the parental lines at both low and high N supply, because of larger vm for N accumulation during the RGP, which may present a scope for genetically improving NUE in oilseed rape. High N application enhanced crop biomass production and N accumulation, as a result of prolonged td and larger vm during the RGP. The initiation of RGP for N accumulation occurred after overwinter period, which could not be accelerated by high N supply, suggesting rational distribution of N fertilizer with reduced basal dose. However, larger amounts in spring would be beneficial for a better synchronization to crop N demand with lower environmental risks.

scholarly journals Effect of Site Specific Nitrogen Management on Seed Nitrogen—A Driving Factor of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Łukowiak ◽  
Witold Grzebisz
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Site Diversity ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
N Pool

It has been assumed that the management of both soil and fertilizer N in winter oilseed rape (WOSR) is crucial for N accumulation in seeds (Nse) and yield. This hypothesis was evaluated based on field experiments conducted in 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11 seasons, each year at two sites, differing in soil fertility, including indigenous N (Ni) supply. The experimental factors consisted of two N fertilizers: N and NS, and four Nf rates: 0, 80, 120, 160 kg ha−1. Yield, as governed by site × Nf rate interaction, responded linearly to Nse at harvest. The maximum Nse (Nsemax), as evaluated by N input (Nin = Ni + Nf) to WOSR at spring regrowth, varied from 95 to 153 kg ha−1, and determined 80% of yield variability. The basic reason of site diversity in Nsemax was Ni efficiency, ranging from 46% to 70%, respectively. The second cause of Nse variability was a shortage of N supply from + 9.5 soil to −8.8 kg ha−1 to the growing seeds during the seed filling period (SFP). This N pool supports the N concentration in seeds, resulting in both seed density and a seed weight increase, finally leading to a yield increase.

scholarly journals The Role of Nitrogen-Efficient Cultivars in Sustainable Agriculture

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Weisler ◽  
Torsten Behrens ◽  
Walter J. Horst
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Efficiency

To improve nitrogen (N) efficiency in agriculture, integrated N management strategies that take into consideration improved fertilizer, soil, and crop management practices are necessary. This paper reports results of field experiments in which maize (Zea mays L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars were compared with respect to their agronomic N efficiency (yield at a given N supply), N uptake efficiency (N accumulation at a given N supply), and N utilization efficiency (dry matter yield per unit N taken up by the plant). Under conditions of high N supply, significant differences among maize cultivars were found in shoot N uptake, soil nitrate depletion during the growing season, and the related losses of nitrate through leaching after the growing season. Experiments under conditions of reduced N supply indicated a considerable genotypic variation in reproductive yield formation of both maize and oilseed rape. High agronomic efficiency was achieved by a combination of high uptake and utilization efficiency (maize), or exclusively by high uptake efficiency (rape). N-efficient cultivars of both crops were characterized by maintenance of a relatively high N-uptake activity during the reproductive growth phase. In rape this trait was linked with leaf area and photosynthetic activity of leaves. We conclude that growing of N-efficient cultivars may serve as an important element of integrated nutrient management strategies in both low- and high-input agriculture.

Effects of foliar-applied nitrogen fertilizer on oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. WHITE ◽  
S. E. ROQUES ◽  
P. M. BERRY
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects on yield, oil concentration and nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency of N fertilizer applied to the foliage of oilseed rape during and soon after flowering. Four field experiments were conducted in the UK during the 2008/09 and 2009/10 seasons which investigated six rates of soil-applied N (ammonium nitrate) ranging from 0 to 280 or 320 kg N/ha with each treatment followed by 0 or 40 kg/ha of foliar N applied as a solution of urea at the end of flowering. Each experiment also investigated five rates of foliar N ranging from 0 to 120 kg N/ha applied at the end of flowering and five timings of foliar N (40 kg N/ha) from mid-flowering to 2 weeks after the end of flowering.Foliar N at 40 kg N/ha applied at the end of flowering significantly increased the seed yield in three of the four experiments. The seed yield increase across all four experiments was 0·25 t/ha (range of 0–0·41 t/ha). In two experiments, the increase in seed yield in response to foliar N occurred irrespective of whether it followed sub-optimal or super-optimal rates of soil-applied N; in one experiment there was a greater response at sub-optimal soil-applied N rates. The foliar N treatment reduced the seed oil concentration by 11 g/kg and increased seed protein concentration by 11 g/kg. Similar yield responses were observed for foliar N applications between mid-flowering and 2 weeks after the end of flowering. The efficiency with which foliar N was taken up into the plant varied between 0 and 100% with an average uptake efficiency across the four experiments of 61%.

scholarly journals Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Uptake of N by Oilseed Rape Depending on Fertilization and Seaweed Biostimulant Application

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anetta Siwik-Ziomek ◽  
Małgorzata Szczepanek
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The present study has aimed at enhancing the insufficient knowledge of functional soil enzymes properties influenced by inorganic fertilization and biostimulant application to increase the uptake of nitrogen affecting the winter oilseed rape yield. Field experiments were conducted in Poland (53° N, 18° E) in Alfisol (USDA). In this experiment, the NPK rates applied were as follows: high 180 N, 70 P and 160 K 132 N (kg ha−1) or low 144 N, 35 P and 66 K (kg ha−1); fertilization with elemental S 36 or 0 (kg ha−1); and the seaweed biostimulant Kelpak was applied or there was no such treatment. Due to low NPK fertilization rates, the activity of dehydrogenases, peroxidases, and catalase increased in subsistent generative development stages from flowering to ripening. At the ripening stage, the activity of these enzymes, as well as nitroreductase activity, were inhibited by high NPK fertilizer rates. The seaweed biostimulant application and S fertilization increased N accumulation in plants of oilseed rape in generative development, by 16% and 13%, respectively, as compared with the lack of these treatments. The application of S increased the uptake of nitrogen in shoots and in whole oilseed rape plants only after application of higher rates of NPK.

Genotype differences in photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen efficiency of new-type oilseed rape responding to low nitrogen stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. WANG ◽  
G. D. DING ◽  
F. S. XU ◽  
H. M. CAI ◽  
J. ZOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Nitrogen

SUMMARYNew-type oilseed rape (Brassica napus, ArArCcCc) with introgressed exotic subgenomic components from Brassica rapa (ArAr) and Brassica carinata (BcBcCcCc) showed strong heterosis in both vegetative and reproductive growth. The aim of the current study was to analyse the tolerance of the new-type B. napus with different exotic subgenomic contents to low nitrogen (N) stress. Under hydroponic culture and pot experiments, root system parameters, photosynthetic parameters, relative chlorophyll concentration (SPAD values), biomass, seed yield, seed yield components, N concentration and expressions of genes involved in N transport and assimilation were determined with two new-type B. napus genotypes (N-efficient genotype D4-15 and N-inefficient genotype D1-1) under high-N and low-N levels. Furthermore, N accumulation, N transfer efficiency and N use efficiency (NUE) were analysed in the two genotypes. The hydroponic and potted growth tests showed consistent characteristics in N uptake and utilization efficiency at the seedling stage, and N-efficient genotype (D4-15) showed better growth phenotypes across cultured conditions and N levels. Under the low-N condition, D4-15 produced a larger root system and accumulated more N, and had higher N transfer efficiency and NUE than D1-1. Moreover, D4-15 had significantly higher photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic NUE and expression levels of the N transporter genes, BnNRT1·1, BnNRT2·5, BnNRT2·7 and BnAMT1·1, in roots or leaves, as well as higher seed yield than that of D1-1 under low-N supply. These results indicated that the N-efficient new-type B. napus D4-15 possessed excellent adaptability to low-N stress, which may be attributed to the highly introgressed exotic subgenomic components from B. rapa and B. carinata, suggesting the possibility of identifying high-nutrient-efficiency germplasm from inter-specific hybrids.

Heterotic and seed rate effects on nitrogen efficiencies in wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. KINDRED ◽  
M. J. GOODING
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

Four field experiments over 2 years investigated whether wheat hybrids had higher nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) than their parents over a range of seed rates and different N regimes. There was little heterosis for total N in the above-ground biomass (NYt), but there was high-parent heterosis for grain N yields (NYg) in two of the hybrids, Hyno Esta and Hyno Rista, associated with greater nitrogen harvest index (NHI). Overall, the hybrids did not significantly increase the total dry matter produced per unit N in the above-ground crop (NUtEt), but did increase the grain dry matter per unit N in the above ground crop (NUtEg). The improvement in NUtEg was at the partial detriment of grain N concentration. Heterosis for grain NYg in Hyno Esta was lower at zero-N, suggesting that it did not achieve higher yields through more efficient capture or utilization of N. The greater NHI in Hyno Esta appeared to be facilitated by both greater N uptake, and remobilization of N from vegetative tissues, after anthesis.The response of N efficiency and uptake to seed rate was dependent on N supply and season. Where N fertilizer was applied, N uptake over time was slower at the lower seed rates, but where N was withheld N capture at the lowest seed rate soon approached the N capture of the higher seed rates. During grain filling, the rate of accumulation of N into the grain increased with seed rate and the duration of N accumulation decreased with seed rate. With N applied, N yields increased to an asymptote with seed rate, when N was withheld there was little response of N yields to seed rate. In 2002, N utilization efficiency (NUtEt and NUtEg) also increased asymptotically with seed rate, but in 2003 seed rate had little effect on N utilization efficiency. When nitrogen fertilizer had not been applied, NHI consistently decreased with increasing seed rate. The timing of N application made little difference to NUE, NY, or NUtE.

Growth and nitrogen dynamics of spring chickpea genotypes in a Mediterranean-type climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. KOUTROUBAS ◽  
M. PAPAGEORGIOU ◽  
S. FOTIADIS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Rainfed Farming

SUMMARYChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume of rainfed farming systems, contributing to the sustainability of production and reducing the need for nitrogen (N) fertilization through fixing atmospheric N2. The relative importance of factors causing variations in growth, seed yield, N accumulation and N utilization efficiency among spring chickpea varieties grown in a Mediterranean-type climate was investigated in field experiments conducted in 2003 and 2004. Five chickpea varieties were grown in a silty clay soil in the farm of the Democritus University of Thrace in Orestiada, Greece. Yearly differences in plant growth and productivity were observed and were mainly associated with the variations in the weather parameters between the growing seasons. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) for biomass production during the seed-filling period was higher compared with that during the vegetative period. NUE for seed yield (SY) ranged from 18·3 to 24·5 g dry matter (DM)/g N and was positively correlated with seed yield, suggesting that high SY was associated with more efficient exploitation of N. When the environmental conditions favoured high early N accumulation, the differences among varieties in NUE were mainly due to the differences in N partitioning at maturity, e.g. the nitrogen harvest index (NHI). The amount and the efficiency of N content at the beginning of seed growth (growth stage (GS) R5) that was translocated to the seed differed among varieties and ranged from 7·0 to 16·6 g N/m2 and from 68·2 to 86·8 g DM/g N, respectively. Most of the variation (0·96) between varieties in N translocation could be accounted for by the differences in total N content at GS R5. N losses from the plant foliage between 0·61 and 9·92 g N/m2 were detected during the seed-filling period when SY was low and N content at GS R5 was high.

scholarly journals Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Heuermann ◽  
Heike Hahn ◽  
Nicolaus von Wirén
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Forms

In agricultural plant production, nitrate, ammonium, and urea are the major fertilized nitrogen forms, which differ in root uptake and downstream signaling processes in plants. Nitrate is known to stimulate cytokinin synthesis in roots, while for urea no hormonal effect has been described yet. Elevated cytokinin levels can delay plant senescence favoring prolonged nitrogen uptake. As the cultivation of winter oilseed rape provokes high nitrogen-balance surpluses, we tested the hypotheses whether nitrogen use efficiency increases under ammonium nitrate- relative to urea-based nutrition and whether this is subject to genotypic variation. In a 2-year field study, 15 oilseed rape lines were fertilized either with ammonium nitrate or with urease inhibitor-stabilized urea and analyzed for seed yield and nitrogen-related yield parameters. Despite a significant environmental impact on the performance of the individual lines, which did not allow revealing consistent impact of the genotype, ammonium nitrate-based nutrition tended to increase seed yield in average over all lines. To resolve whether the fertilizer N forms act on grain yield via phytohormones, we collected xylem exudates at three developmental stages and determined the translocation rates of cytokinins and N forms. Relative to urea, ammonium nitrate-based nutrition enhanced the translocation of nitrate or total nitrogen together with cytokinins, whereas in the urea treatment translocation rates were lower as long as urea remained stable in the soil solution. At later developmental stages, i.e., when urea became hydrolyzed, nitrogen and cytokinin translocation increased. In consequence, urea tended to increase nitrogen partitioning in the shoot toward generative organs. However, differences in overall nitrogen accumulation in shoots were not present at the end of the vegetation period, and neither nitrogen uptake nor utilization efficiency was consistently different between the two applied nitrogen forms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document