scholarly journals Target-Site Resistance to Glyphosate in Chloris Virgata Biotypes and Alternative Herbicide Options for its Control

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Het Samir Desai ◽  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Epsps Gene ◽  
First Case ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Chloris Virgata ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Dose Response Study

Due to the overdependence on glyphosate to manage weeds in fallow conditions, glyphosate resistance has developed in various biotypes of several grass weeds, including Chloris virgata Sw. The first case of glyphosate resistance in C. virgata was found in 2015 in Australia, and since then several cases have been confirmed in several biotypes across Australia. Pot studies were conducted with 10 biotypes of C. virgata to determine glyphosate resistance levels. The biotypes were identified as either susceptible, moderately resistant or highly resistant based on the glyphosate dose required to kill 50% of plants. Two glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and two glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes were identified by the dose-response study and analyzed for the presence of target-site mutation in the 5–enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene. Performance of alternative herbicides to glyphosate as well as the double-knock herbicide approach was evaluated on the two GS (Ch and SGM2) and two GR (SGW2 and CP2) biotypes. Three herbicides, clethodim, haloxyfop and paraquat, were found to be effective (100% control) against all four biotypes when applied at the 4–5 leaf stage. All the sequential herbicide treatments, such as glyphosate followed by paraquat and glufosinate-ammonium followed by paraquat, provided 100% control of all four biotypes of C. virgata. This study identified effective herbicide options for the control of GR C. virgata and showed that target-site mutations were involved in the resistance of two biotypes to glyphosate (SGW2 and CP2). Results could aid farmers in selecting herbicides to manage C. virgata in their fields.

scholarly journals Evolution of Target-Site Resistance to Glyphosate in an Amaranthus palmeri Population from Argentina and Its Expression at Different Plant Growth Temperatures

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaundun ◽  
Jackson ◽  
Hutchings ◽  
Galloway ◽  
Marchegiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
The Difference

The mechanism and expression of resistance to glyphosate at different plant growing temperatures was investigated in an Amaranthus palmeri population (VM1) from a soybean field in Vicuña Mackenna, Cordoba, Argentina. Resistance was not due to reduced glyphosate translocation to the meristem or to EPSPS duplication, as reported for most US samples. In contrast, a proline 106 to serine target-site mutation acting additively with EPSPS over-expression (1.8-fold increase) was respectively a major and minor contributor to glyphosate resistance in VM1. Resistance indices based on LD50 values generated using progenies from a cross between 52 PS106 VM1 individuals were estimated at 7.1 for homozygous SS106 and 4.3 for heterozygous PS106 compared with homozygous wild PP106 plants grown at a medium temperature of 24 °C day/18 °C night. A larger proportion of wild and mutant progenies survived a single commonly employed glyphosate rate when maintained at 30 °C day/26 °C night compared with 20 °C day/16 night in a subsequent experiment. Interestingly, the P106S mutation was not identified in any of the 920 plants analysed from 115 US populations, thereby potentially reflecting the difference in A. palmeri control practices in Argentina and USA.

Target-site resistance to cyhalofop-butyl in bearded sprangletop (Diplachne fusca) from China

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (05) ◽  
pp. 534-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhong Yuan ◽  
Yingjie Di ◽  
Yueyang Chen ◽  
Yongrui Chen ◽  
Jingxuan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Grass Weed

AbstractBearded sprangletop [Diplachne fusca(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. ssp.fascicularis(Lam.) P. M. Peterson & N. Snow] is a noxious annual grass weed of paddy fields, distributed in coastal regions of the Jiangsu and Hebei provinces in China. Cyhalofop-butyl has been widely used to control grass weeds since 2006 in China. Overreliance on cyhalofop-butyl has led to the evolution of resistant weeds. In this study, the resistance level and cyhalofop-butyl resistance mechanisms were investigated in the putative resistant (JSHH) population. The dose–response experiments showed that the JSHHD.fuscapopulation had evolved 8.9-fold resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) sequencing revealed a point mutation (GGC to GCC) at amino acid position 2096, resulting in a Gly-2096-Ala substitution in the resistant population. To our knowledge, this is the first case of cyhalofop-butyl resistance inD.fuscaand the first report of a target-site mutation conferring resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides inD.fusca. In addition, the resistantD.fuscapopulation (JSHH) with the Gly-2096-Ala mutation was cross-resistant to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide metamifop, the cyclohexanedione herbicide sethoxydim, and the phenylpyrazolin herbicide pinoxaden.

Resistance to Glyphosate in Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) from California

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Alarcón-Reverte ◽  
Alejandro García ◽  
Jaime Urzúa ◽  
Albert J. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Partial Sequencing ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Corn Field ◽  
First Case ◽  
Standard Population

A suspected glyphosate-resistant (R) junglerice population was collected from a glyphosate-R corn field near Durham in northern California where glyphosate had been applied at least twice a year for over 6 yr. Based on the amount of glyphosate required to reduce growth by 50% (ED50), the R population was 6.6 times more R than the susceptible (S) standard population. Based on the glyphosate concentration that inhibits EPSPS by 50% based on shikimate accumulation (I50) in leaf discs, R plants were four times more R than S plants. By 3 d after treatment with 0.42 kg ae ha−1glyphosate, the S population had accumulated approximately five times more shikimate than the R population. No differences in [14C]-glyphosate uptake and translocation were detected between R and S plants. However, partial sequencing of theEPSPSgene revealed a mutation in R plants causing a proline to serine change at EPSPS position 106 (P106S). Our results reveal the first case of a P106S target site mutation associated with glyphosate resistance in junglerice.

scholarly journals Non-Target Site Mechanisms Endow Resistance to Glyphosate in Saltmarsh Aster (Aster squamatus)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
José Alfredo Domínguez-Valenzuela ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
José Guadalupe Vázquez-García ◽  
Hugo E. Cruz-Hipolito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
First Case ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Target Site Resistance

Of the six-glyphosate resistant weed species reported in Mexico, five were found in citrus groves. Here, the glyphosate susceptibility level and resistance mechanisms were evaluated in saltmarsh aster (Aster squamatus), a weed that also occurs in Mexican citrus groves. The R population accumulated 4.5-fold less shikimic acid than S population. S plants hardly survived at 125 g ae ha−1 while most of the R plants that were treated with 1000 g ae ha−1, which suffered a strong growth arrest, showed a vigorous regrowth from the third week after treatment. Further, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate basal and enzymatic activities did not diverge between populations, suggesting the absence of target-site resistance mechanisms. At 96 h after treatment, R plants absorbed ~18% less glyphosate and maintained 63% of the 14C-glyphsoate absorbed in the treated leaf in comparison to S plants. R plants metabolized twice as much (72%) glyphosate to amino methyl phosphonic acid and glyoxylate as the S plants. Three non-target mechanisms, reduced absorption and translocation and increased metabolism, confer glyphosate resistance saltmarsh aster. This is the first case of glyphosate resistance recorded for A. squamatus in the world.

scholarly journals The First Report of Target-Site Resistance to Glyphosate in Sweet Summer Grass (Moorochloa eruciformis)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
Romesh Salgotra ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Epsps Gene ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Multiple Amino Acid ◽  
First Time

Sweet summer grass is a problematic weed in the central Queensland region of Australia. This study found glyphosate resistance in two biotypes (R1 and R2) of sweet summer grass. The level of resistance in these biotypes was greater than 8-fold. The glyphosate dose required to reduce dry matter by 50% (GR50) for the resistant populations varied from 1993 to 2100 g ha−1. A novel glyphosate resistance double point mutation in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene was identified for the first time in sweet summer grass. Multiple mutations, including multiple amino acid changes at the glyphosate target site, as well as mutations involving two nucleotide changes at a single amino acid codon, were observed. Both resistant biotypes exhibited a nucleotide change of CAA to ACA in codon 106, which predicts an amino acid change of proline to a threonine (Pro-106-Thr). In addition, the R1 biotype also possessed a mutation at codon 100, where a nucleotide substitution of T for G occurred (GCT to TCT), resulting in a substitution of serine for alanine (Ala-100-Ser). Understanding the molecular mechanism of glyphosate resistance will help to design effective management strategies to control invasive weeds.

Functional Genomics Analysis of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with Special Reference to the Evolution of Non–Target-Site Glyphosate Resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Yuan ◽  
Laura L. G. Abercrombie ◽  
Yongwei Cao ◽  
Matthew D. Halfhill ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Heterologous Microarray

The evolution of glyphosate resistance in weedy species places an environmentally benign herbicide in peril. The first report of a dicot plant with evolved glyphosate resistance was horseweed, which occurred in 2001. Since then, several species have evolved glyphosate resistance and genomic information about nontarget resistance mechanisms in any of them ranges from none to little. Here, we report a study combining iGentifier transcriptome analysis, cDNA sequencing, and a heterologous microarray analysis to explore potential molecular and transcriptomic mechanisms of nontarget glyphosate resistance of horseweed. The results indicate that similar molecular mechanisms might exist for nontarget herbicide resistance across multiple resistant plants from different locations, even though resistance among these resistant plants likely evolved independently and available evidence suggests resistance has evolved at least four separate times. In addition, both the microarray and sequence analyses identified non–target-site resistance candidate genes for follow-on functional genomics analysis.

Glyphosate resistance inAmbrosia trifida:Part 2. Rapid response physiology and non-target-site resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo L Moretti ◽  
Christopher R Van Horn ◽  
Renae Robertson ◽  
Kabelo Segobye ◽  
Stephen C Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Target Site Resistance

scholarly journals Resistance to ACCase inhibitors in Eleusine indica from Brazil involves a target site mutation

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Osuna ◽  
I.C.G.R. Goulart ◽  
R.A. Vidal ◽  
A. Kalsing ◽  
J.P. Ruiz Santaella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Target Site ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Grass Weed

Eleusine indica (goosegrass) is a diploid grass weed which has developed resistance to ACCase inhibitors during the last ten years due to the intensive and frequent use of sethoxydim to control grass weeds in soybean crops in Brazil. Plant dose-response assays confirmed the resistant behaviour of one biotype obtaining high resistance factor values: 143 (fenoxaprop), 126 (haloxyfop), 84 (sethoxydim) to 58 (fluazifop). ACCase in vitro assays indicated a target site resistance as the main cause of reduced susceptibility to ACCase inhibitors. PCR-generated fragments of the ACCase CT domain of the resistant and sensitive reference biotype were sequenced and compared. A point mutation was detected within the triplet of aspartate at the amino acid position 2078 (referred to EMBL accession no. AJ310767) and resulted in the triplet of glycine. These results constitute the first report on a target site mutation for a Brazilian herbicide resistant grass weed.

Confirmation and Characterization of Non–target site Resistance to Fomesafen in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Varanasi ◽  
Chad Brabham ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Allelic Discrimination Assay ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
First Case ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Novel Target

AbstractPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), a dioecious summer annual species, is one of the most troublesome weeds in U.S. cropping systems. The evolution of resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors in A. palmeri biotypes is a major cause of concern to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growers in the midsouthern United States. The objective of this study was to confirm and characterize the non–target site mechanism in a fomesafen-resistant accession from Randolph County, AR (RCA). A dose–response assay was conducted to assess the level of fomesafen resistance, and based on the GR50 values, the RCA accession was 18-fold more resistant to fomesafen than a susceptible (S) biotype. A TaqMan allelic discrimination assay and sequencing of the target-site genes PPX2 and PPX1 revealed no known or novel target-site mutations. An SYBR Green assay indicated no difference in PPX2 gene expression between the RCA and S biotypes. To test whether fomesafen resistance is metabolic in nature, the RCA and the S biotypes were treated with different cytochrome P450 (amitrole, piperonyl butoxide [PBO], malathion) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan [NBD-Cl]) inhibitors, either alone or in combination with fomesafen. Malathion followed by (fb) fomesafen in RCA showed the greatest reduction in survival (67%) and biomass (86%) compared with fomesafen alone (45% and 66%, respectively) at 2 wk after treatment. Interestingly, NBD-Cl fb fomesafen also resulted in low survival (35%) compared with the fomesafen-only treatment (55%). Applications of malathion or NBD-Cl preceding fomesafen treatment resulted in reversal of fomesafen resistance, indicating the existence of cytochrome P450– and GST-based non–target site mechanisms in the RCA accession. This study confirms the first case of non–target site resistance to fomesafen in A. palmeri.

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