scholarly journals Factors Influencing Preferences and Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties among Farmers in Tanzania

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Serapius Mwalongo ◽  
Essegbemon Akpo ◽  
Gerald Alex Lukurugu ◽  
Geoffrey Muricho ◽  
Ronnie Vernooy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Access and use of seed of improved varieties of groundnut among farmers can improve farmers’ livelihoods and contribute to the potential of crop production in Tanzania. This paper analyzes factors underpinning the adoption of improved groundnut varieties among farmers to pave the way for upscaling quality seed used for increased production and commodity business in farming communities. A four-stage stratified sampling was used to collect data from 300 groundnut farmers in seven agro-ecological zones through individual interviews. Secondary data were collected from the literature and the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute at Naliendele centre (TARI–Naliendele). Descriptive statistics and Probit regression model were used for data analysis. The empirical results showed that Johari 1985, Pendo 1998, Naliendele 2009, Mnanje 2009, Mangaka 2009 and Nachi 2015, are the main six improved groundnut varieties used by farmers, with Pendo 1998 having the highest adoption rate (17.1%). In the grain market, four varieties, namely Pendo 1998, Mnanje 2009, Nachi 2015 and Johari 1985, were observed to be highly preferred by grain off-takers. Furthermore, among the adopted improved varieties, Nachi 2015, is observed to be the most consistent high yielding variety, ranging from 1100 kg/ha to 1500 kg/ha in all agro-ecological zones. A farmer’s decision to adopt new varieties is affected by age and gender, farmer group membership, availability of improved seed and seed cost. Overall, male farmers are more likely to adopt improved varieties of groundnut than female farmers. The implications of these findings are also discussed, in particular in the area of policy support.

Participatory sorghum varietal evaluation and selection in Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
S. Chughtai ◽  
J. Fateh ◽  
M. Munawwar ◽  
M. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
First Time ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

A number of improved pipeline varieties of sorghum including PARC SS-1, PARC SS-2 and PARC Ss-15 were planted in various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan for 2 years (2004 and 2005). The participatory Mother-Baby Trial methodology was used for the first time in Pakistan for varietal evaluation and selection. Six varieties of sorghum were evaluated along with the local checks. In general, the pipeline varieties developed at the National Agricultural Research Centre had a yield advantage of 15 to 20% over the local checks and other improved varieties included in the trial. The farmers were involved in the varietal selection process. These varieties were selected by the farmers on the basis of maturity, higher yield, resistance to leaf blight and red rot diseases, drought tolerance, and the dual (grain cum fodder) nature of the varieties. Based on the evaluation and selection, these varieties are being released for general cultivation in various ecologies. The results from participatory trials on various agronomic aspects are presented and discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Drought-tolerant Varieties as an Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Insight from Maize Production Systems in Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nasser Baco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Previous studies suggested that maize is set to become a cash crop while ensuring food security better than any other crop. However, climate change has become one of the key production constraints that are now hampering and threatening the sustainability of maize production systems. We conducted a study to better understand changes here defined as adaptations made by smallholder farmers to ensure food security and improve income through maize production in a climate change context. Our results show that maize farmers in northern Benin mainly rely on traditional seeds. Drought as abiotic stress is perceived by farmers in many agro-ecological zones as a disruptive factor for crop production, including maize. When drought is associated with pest damages, both the quantity (i.e. yield) and the quality (i.e. attributes) of products/harvests are negatively affected. The adverse effects of drought continue to reduce production in different agro-ecological zones of the country, because of the lack of widespread adoption of tolerant varieties. The study suggests actions towards the production of drought-tolerant maize seeds, a promotion of seed companies, the organization of actors and value chains. Apart from climate change, the promotion of value chains is also emerging as one of the important aspects to take into account to sustain maize production in Benin.

scholarly journals Variability and Trends of Temperature and Rainfall Over Three Agro-Ecological Zones in North Shewa, Central Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Hailu Shekuru ◽  
Arega Bazezew Berlie ◽  
Yechale Kebede Bizuneh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract This study aims to analyze variability and trends of temperature and rainfall over three agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Central Ethiopia. Gridded rainfall and temperature data, recorded on daily basis for 35 years (1979 - 2013) at 30 meteorological stations, were used for analysis. While Mann–Kendall test was applied to analyze the trends in rainfall and temperature, Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of change. The study detected an upward trend of 0.07°C/annum (p < 0.001) in mean annual maximum temperature at Kolla AEZ. It also showed an upward trend of 0.06/year (p < 0.001) for both Dega and Woina Dega AEZs. Mean annual minimum temperature exhibited an upward trend of 0.03°C/year at Kolla (p < 0.001), Woina Dega (p < 0.05), and Dega (p < 0.01), signifying a 1.05°C increase between 1979 and 2013. Results from precipitation concentration index (PCI) revealed highest percentage (97.1%) of irregular distributions in annual rainfall pattern at Kolla AEZ, followed by Woina Dega (82.9%). Standardized rainfall anomalies (SRA) computed in the study also showed higher percentage (28.6%) of drought in Kolla AEZ, which experienced drought once in every 3 or 4 years. The study revealed negative annual rainfall anomalies for 18 years in Kolla and 16 years in both Dega and Woina Dega AEZs. The reduced precipitation and rise in temperature could trigger wide-ranging influences on agricultural practices and crop production of smallholder farmers. Policymakers and stakeholders should give priority in designing and introducing pro-poor plus geographically differentiated adaptive strategies.

scholarly journals Technical efficiency in crop production across agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis of frontier studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebayehu G Geffersa ◽  
Frank W Agbola ◽  
Amir Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
Frontier Studies ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

This article investigates whether study-specific attributes account for systematic variations in reported technical efficiency (TE) scores in crop production. We conducted a meta-regression analysis using mean TE (MTE) estimates from primary frontier studies of Ethiopian crop sub-sector over the period 1991–2015. The estimated MTE of 66% indicates a capacity to increase efficiency in crop production. Results from a fractional outcome regression model revealed that reported efficiency estimates vary substantially across studies and agro-ecologies. We found that reported efficiency estimates are influenced by the frontier methodology used, the functional form assumed, assumptions about technology representation, the estimated dimension of the model, output aggregation and the publication outlet. We show that reported efficiency estimates are sensitive to variations in agro-ecologies. We argue for the need to consider differences in agro-ecologies when estimating TE because failure to account for this may bias efficiency estimates.

scholarly journals Agro-ecological Variation in the Growth and Development of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) in Nigeria

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 652b-652
Author(s):  
A.O. Olufolaji ◽  
Lanre A. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The pale yellow-seeded Amaranth is virtually a new crop in Nigerian agriculture. Under the sponsorship of the National Agricultural Research Project (NARP), 12 accessions were evaluated for agronomic characters and yield attributes in three agro-ecological zones of the country. The results showed significant variation in the agronomic characters of the accessions. Top accessions recorded average grain yields of 4.5, 3.5, and 2.6 t·ha–1 in Sudan savanna, derived savanna, and guinea savanna zones of the country, respectively. Response of the accessions to qualitative and quantitative characters in the zones are discussed.

scholarly journals FAO CROPWAT Model-Based Irrigation Requirements for Coconut to Improve Crop and Water Productivity in Kerala, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5132 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Surendran ◽  
C. M. Sushanth ◽  
E. J. Joseph ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
The State ◽  
Coconut Palm ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Irrigation Requirements ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The irrigation requirements for coconut in Kerala are general in nature. This study determined the irrigation requirements for coconut, using CROPWAT based on agro-ecological zones (AEZs) for proposing the recommendations. The irrigation recommendations are generated based on the climatic, soil, and crop characteristics. The results showed that the irrigation requirements varied with the locations. Overall, for the state of Kerala, the irrigation requirements varied from 350 to 900 L of water per coconut palm, with the irrigation intervals ranging from three to nine days based on the AEZs. Moreover, this study also confirmed the variation of the water requirements observed within the districts. The quantity of water required per palm varied between 115 to 200 liters per day (LPD) per palm, which is lower than the existing recommendations of 175 to 300 LPD per palm. The proposed irrigation requirements appraised with the presently followed recommendations of the Kerala state, and its advantages discussed for improving the crop and water productivity. In nutshell, if the current recommendation is adopted, 30% of the water used for irrigation can be saved, as well as leading to an improvement in crop production.

scholarly journals Effects of Climatic Variability on Cassava Production in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatai Abiola Sowunmi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Rainforest Zone ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Climate change has brought about irregularity in pattern and intensity of climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature that are important in crop production; making planning in agriculture difficult. The importance of cassava in the diet of Nigerian and its industrial use necessitate the need to examine the effects of climatic variability on cassava production. Secondary data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) were used for the study. Analysis of Variance and Error Correction model were utilized.  The study showed that the rainforest zone had the highest averages of annual rainfall (1709mm) and relative humidity (82.1%) while the Sahel savannah had the highest mean annual temperature (35.3oC). The variability in annual rainfall and relative humidity was low in the rainforest zone. The study showed that the rainforest zone had the least dispersion of average annual relative humidity (2.06%) while the guinea savannah had highest dispersion (4.68%). The average cassava output from the agro-ecological zones was 49,118,871MT per year. Rainforest and guinea savannah accounted for 56.3% and 41.9% of total cassava output respectively. There were significant variations in the climatic variables (rainfall and temperature) among the agro-ecological zones but not significant among the years (p>0.05).  The annual rainfall and solar radiation were the factors that influenced cassava output in all the agro-ecological zones. The need for affordable irrigation by cassava farmers and the adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture are recommended to boost cassava production in Sudan savannah and Sahel savannah.

scholarly journals Caractérisation Agro-Morphologique De Variétés De Cotonnier (Gossypium Hirsutum) Pour Une Régionalisation Economique Pour La Production Du Coton Au Bénin

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (36) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Hougni Alexis ◽  
Imorou Lucien ◽  
Dagoudo Augustin ◽  
Zoumarou-Wallis Nouhoun
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
Agroecological Zone ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

To take more account of the terroir effect in varietal choice and address the concerns of cotton farmers who disapprove the agricultural policy of single variety, research on varietal regionalization was initiated during four campaigns, by the Agricultural Research Center for Cotton Fibers. This idea is reinforced by the diversity of agro-ecological zones of the country. The nonrenewal of the variety in extension since the 2002-2003 campaign is also an element of justification concerns of industry players. This study aims to exploit the terroir effect to identify the most suitable varieties for each agroecological zone and meet the needs of industry players including producers and ginners. The experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 on Angaradébou sites, Okpara, Savalou and Ketou respectively representing the zones 1 (Alibori / Atakora); 2 (Borgou / Donga); 3 (Hills) and 4 (Zou / Ouemé Plateau / Mono-Couffo). The adopted experimental device is a Fisher block with four replicate and eight treatments or varieties H 279-1 in extension witness. Other varieties include E 944-2; E 956-2; H 769-5; H 782-3; I 875-3; K 768-3 and K 787-2.The measured parameters are the earliness of production, seed cotton yield in the field, the weight of 100 seeds and the fiber ginning outturn. Data analysis revealed significant differences between and inside sites for most measured parameters. The results showed that varieties E 956-2 (1983.85 kg / ha), H 769-5 (1820.49 kg / ha), K 768-3 (1735.42 kg / ha) and H 782-3 (1533.59 kg / ha) in terms of seed cotton yield in the field and compared their performance to shattering were the best respectively in zones 1, 2, 3 and 4.

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