scholarly journals Genotypic Variation in Nutrient Uptake Requirements of Rice Using the QUEFTS Model

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Sheng Tang ◽  
Kefeng Han ◽  
Ping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Indica Hybrid Rice ◽  
Validation Experiments

Nutrient requirements for single-season rice using the quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils (QUEFTS) model in China have been estimated in a previous study, which involved all the rice varieties; however, it is unclear whether a similar result can be obtained for different rice varieties. In this study, data were collected from field experiments conducted from 2016 to 2019 in Zhejiang Province, China. The dataset was separated into two parts: japonica/indica hybrid rice and japonica rice. To produce 1000 kg of grain, 13.5 kg N, 3.6 kg P, and 20.4 kg K were required in the above-ground plant dry matter for japonica/indica hybrid rice, and the corresponding internal efficiencies (IEs) were 74.0 kg grain per kg N, 279.1 kg grain per kg P, and 49.1 kg grain per kg K. For japonica rice, 17.6 kg N, 4.1 kg P, and 23.0 kg K were required to produce 1000 kg of grain, and the corresponding IEs were 56.8 kg grain per kg N, 244.6 kg grain per kg P, and 43.5 kg grain per kg K. Field validation experiments indicated that the QUEFTS model could be used to estimate nutrient uptake of different rice varieties. We suggest that variety should be taken into consideration when estimating nutrient uptake for rice using the QUEFTS model, which would improve this model.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF WIDE COMPATIBILITY VARIETIES IN SOME TROPICAL JAPONICA RICE

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hairmansis ◽  
Hajrial Aswidinnoor ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Tropical Japonica ◽  
Wide Compatibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The F1 hybrid sterility in indica/japonica crosses is the major barrier in developing hybrid rice varieties between these two diverse germplasm. The sterility problem in japonica/indica hybrids can be overcome by using wide compatibility genes. The objective of this study was to identify wide compatibility varieties (WCVs) in some tropical japonica rice. Twenty five tropical japonica varieties as male parents were crossed with indica (IR64) and japonica (Akitakomachi) testers as female parents. The crosses were planted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties having average spikelet fertility of more than 70% with both the indica and japonica testers were rated as WCVs. Result from this study showed that six tropical japonica varieties were classified as WCVs, i.e., Cabacu, Grogol, Kencana Bali, Klemas, Lampung Lawer, and Napa. Hybrid sterility is caused by partial sterility of male and female gametes. The WCVs from the present study can be used in hybrid rice breeding program to solve hybrid sterility in indica/japonica hybrids.

scholarly journals Quantitative Estimation of the Nutrient Uptake Requirements of Peanut

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Xie ◽  
Zhongqiang Wang ◽  
Xinpeng Xu ◽  
Xing Zheng ◽  
Hanyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Ecological Region ◽  
Validation Experiments

Understanding the characteristics of the balanced nutrient requirements for peanut to achieve target yields is paramount when formulating fertilizer management strategies to increase yields and avoid fertilizer loss. Nutritional requirement estimation models can provide effective alternatives for the estimation of the optimum crop balanced nutrient requirements under varied agricultural conditions which are less time consuming and expensive. In the present study, the quantitative estimation of the optimum crop balanced nutrient requirements of peanut in China were obtained using quantitative evaluation of fertility of tropical soils (QUEFTS) model. The database covered the main agro-ecological region for peanut crops in China between 1993 and 2018. The predicted results of the QUEFTS model indicated that nutrient uptake requirements increased linearly with increasing pod yields until the yields had reached approximately 60% to 70% of the potential pod yields. It was found that with the increasing pod yields during the nutrient linear absorption stage, the plants had required 38.4 kg N, 4.3 kg P, and 14.0 kg K in total to produce 1000 kg of pods, and the corresponding internal efficiencies were 26.0 kg N/kg, 235.0 kg P/kg, and 71.6 kg K/kg, respectively. In addition, the balance rates of the removal nutrient in the pods were determined to be 29.4 kg N, 2.9 kg P, and 4.9 kg K per 1000 kg of pod yield, or approximately 76.5%, 67.4%, and 34.7% of N, P, and K in the total plants, respectively. This study’s field validation experiments verified the applicability and accuracy of the QUEFTS model. Therefore, it was considered to be an effective alternative for the estimation of the optimal balance N, P, and K uptake requirements for peanut crops. These findings will potentially be helpful when making future decisions regarding fertilizer recommendations for peanut crops in China.

scholarly journals Comparative Performance of Hybrid and Elite Inbred Rice Varieties with respect to Their Source-Sink Relationship

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Moinul Haque ◽  
Habibur Rahman Pramanik ◽  
Jiban Krishna Biswas ◽  
K. M. Iftekharuddaula ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Source Sink

Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear. In order to clarify it, two field experiments were conducted including two popular indica hybrids (BRRI hybrid dhan2 and Heera2) and one elite inbred (BRRI dhan45) rice varieties. Leaf area index, chlorophyll status, and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, postheading crop growth rate, shoot reserve translocation, source-sink relation and yield, and its attributes of each variety were comprehensively analyzed. Both hybrid varieties outyielded the inbred. However, the hybrids and inbred varieties exhibited statistically identical yield in late planting. Both hybrids accumulated higher amount of biomass before heading and exhibited greater remobilization of assimilates to the grain in early plantings compared to the inbred variety. Filled grain (%) declined significantly at delayed planting in the hybrids compared to elite inbred due to increased temperature impaired-inefficient transport of assimilates. Flag leaf photosynthesis parameters were higher in the hybrid varieties than those of the inbred variety. Results suggest that greater remobilization of shoot reserves to the grain rendered higher yield of hybrid rice varieties.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Yield and Harvest Index, and Evaluation of Balanced Nutrient Uptake of Soybean in Northeast China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiaohu Liu ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Yuan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield

The balance between fertilizer application and plant nutrient demand is essential for ensuring agricultural production because it is effective to prevent nutrient deficiency and excess, especially for soybean. This study used data from 29 sites of field experiments carried out in the soybean planting area of Liaoning province, China in 2011 to 2013. We (i) study the characteristics of yield, nutrient concentration, and harvest index to (ii) valuate the balanced nutrient uptake at different potential yield levels for soybean. The grain yield ranged from 804 to 4484 kg/ha, and average N, P, and K concentrations in grains were 45.7, 5.0, and 10.1 g/kg, respectively, while those in straw were 14.1, 1.8, and 6.7 g/kg, respectively. Average harvest index values of N, P, and K were 0.69, 0.65, and 0.52 kg/kg, respectively, while approximately 69% N and 65% P of the plant were stored in soybean grain, and 48% K was stored in straw. The two boundary lines of the QUEFTS (quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils) model were aN = 10.5, dN = 20.6, aP = 65.6, dP = 289.6, aK = 30.4, and dK = 162.7 as model parameters. The QUEFTS model estimated the balanced nutrient uptake with yield targets increased following a linear–parabolic–plateau curve. A continual linear increase in grain yield with 65.5 kg N, 7.0 kg P, and 13.9 kg K was required to produce 1000 kg grain, until the yield target reached approximately 60–70% of the potential yield, and the corresponding ratio of N, P, and K was 9.35:1:1.8. Results could be used to estimate balanced nutrient uptake to prevent excessive fertilizer being applied and reduce environment risk for ensuring sustainable agricultural development.

scholarly journals Physiological Behaviour and Yield Performances of Hybrid Rice at Different Planting Dates in Aus Season

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
MM Haque ◽  
HR Pramanik ◽  
JK Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

Two field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate some physiological traits and yield of three hybrid rice varieties (BRRI hybrid dhan2, Heera2, and Tia) in comparison to BRRI dhan48 in Aus season. The experiments involved four planting dates (1 April, 16 April, 1 May and 16 May). Compared to BRRI dhan48, hybrid varieties accumulated greater shoot dry matter at anthesis, higher flag leaf chlorophyll at 2, 9, 16 and 23 days after flowering (DAF), flag leaf photosynthetic rate at 2 DAF and longer panicles. However, hybrid varieties demonstrated smaller remobilization of shoot reserve to grain and photosynthetic rate of its flag leaf at 9 and 16 DAF than BRRI dhan48. Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 maintained significantly higher chlorophyll a:b ratio over Tia and BRRI dhan48 at 2, 9, 16 and 23 DAF in their flag leaf. Shoot reserve remobilization to grain exhibited higher degree of sensitivity to rising of minimum temperature in the studied hybrids compared to the inbred. Inefficient photosynthetic activities of flag leaf and poor shoot reserve translocation to grain resulted poor grain filling percentage in the test hybrids. Consequently the studied hybrids showed significantly lower grain yield (ca. 36.7%) as compared to inbred BRRI dhan48, irrespective of planting date in Aus season.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v17i1-2.20839Bangladesh Rice j. 2013, 17(1&2): 7-14

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth and Yield Characteristics of Mid-Season Hybrid Rice under Different Yield Levels

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Zhong ◽  
Bingbing Zhao ◽  
Manyu Huang ◽  
Hafiz Athar Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Indica Hybrid Rice

Analysis of growth and yield characteristics of rice with different yield levels is very important for the breeding of high-yield rice cultivators. To investigate the yield components’ variation, morphological characteristics of the panicles, leaves, and stems of rice varieties under different yield levels, a two-year field experiment was conducted in Chongqing China. The 20 mid-season Indica hybrid rice varieties were classified into three groups based on yield, comprising high-yield group (HG), mid-yield group (MG), and low-yield group (LG). The main reason for the superior yield of HG is that the varieties of this group had a significantly higher number of effective panicles per unit area than the MG and LG. In plant type factors, the leaf type factors were the most important reason causing yield difference of HG, MG, and LG. The average leaf roll index, average leaf length to width ratio, average leaf base angle, average leaf droop angle, and average leaf pillow distance of the upper three leaves were significantly or significantly negatively correlated with the yield, while the average leaf width, average leaf area, and the average distance of leaf edge were significantly or significantly positively correlated with yield, and the leaf droop angle was the most important plant type factor affecting the yield. Based on these results, we further quantified the plant type factors of HG and constructed an ideal plant type model for high-yield hybrid mid-season rice. Theoretical and practical basis could be provided for breeding mid-season Indica hybrid rice with super-high yield in the future to ensure food security.

scholarly journals Comparison of Agronomic Performance between Japonica/Indica Hybrid and Japonica Cultivars of Rice Based on Different Nitrogen Rates

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Xiaoli Tan ◽  
Kefeng Han ◽  
Sheng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Indica Hybrid Rice

Previous studies have revealed that the japonica/indica hybrid rice has a higher yield potential, biomass production, and nitrogen (N) accumulation than japonica rice in China, however, at a single N application rate. It remains unclear whether it also occurs at a higher or lower N application rate under the same field condition. To investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates on grain yield, N uptake, dry matter accumulation, and agronomic N use efficiency, field experiments were conducted in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province during three consecutive growth seasons in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Two japonica/indica hybrid varieties (Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 538) and two japonica varieties (Xiushui 134 and Jia 58) were exposed to five N application rates (0, 150, 225, 300, and 375 kg ha−1). The results showed that grain yields of all the varieties increased with increasing nitrogen application rates, except for Jia 58 whose optimum nitrogen level was 225 kg ha−1, because no significant difference was observed between N225 and N300. Across the four rice varieties, N uptake increased significantly with increased N-fertilizer rates at all the growth stages (p < 0.05). Across the three planting years, the average grain yield of japonica/indica hybrid rice was higher than that of japonica rice by 75.6% at N0, 57.2% at N150, 41.1% at N225, 38.3% at N300, and 45.8% at N375. We also found that as compared with japonica rice, the japonica/indica hybrid rice had more grain yield, higher dry matter, and higher N uptake at all growth stages, regardless of the N application rate.

scholarly journals Detection and Dynamic Variation Characteristics of Rice Nitrogen Status after Anthesis Based on the RGB Color Index

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Kaocheng Zhao ◽  
Ying Ye ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Lifen Huang ◽  
Hengyang Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Monitoring Model ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Rice Leaves

We aimed to elucidate the color changes of rice leaves after anthesis and create an algorithm for monitoring the nitrogen contents of rice leaves and of the whole plant. Hence, we aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the precise management of rice nitrogen fertilizer and the research and development of digital image nutrition monitoring equipment and reference. We selected the leaf colors of the main stems of four major rice varieties promoted in production, including Huaidao 5 (late-maturing medium japonica rice), Yangjing 4227 (early maturing late japonica rice), Changyou 5 (late japonica hybrid rice), and Yongyou 8 (late japonica hybrid rice). Under different nitrogen levels, the leaf R, G, and B values of the four rice varieties at different stages after anthesis, the dynamic changes in RGB normalized values, the correlations between RGB normalized values and leaf SPAD values, the leaf nitrogen content and whole plant nitrogen content, and the nitrogen prediction model were studied. The research results demonstrate the following: (1) regardless of nitrogen levels, the leaf of R, G, B, NRI, NGI and NBI of different rice varieties after anthesis followed the order, G > R > B. R, G, NRI, NGI, and days after heading could be fitted according to a logarithmic equation, y = aebx (0.726 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.992); B, NBI, and days after heading could be fitted using a linear equation, y = a + bx (0.863 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.992). Both fitting effects were significant (except NGI). (2) A quadratic function (Y = −1296.192x2 + 539.419x − 10.914; Y = −1173.104x2 + 527.073x − 12.993) was adopted to construct a monitoring model for the NBI and SPAD values of japonica rice and hybrid japonica rice leaves after anthesis and the R2 values were 0.902 and 0.838, respectively. Exponential functions (Y = 5.698e7.261x; Y = 3.371e9.326x) were employed to construct monitoring models of leaf nitrogen content, and the R2 values were 0.833 and 0.706, respectively. Exponential functions (Y = 5.145e4.9143x; Y = 3.966e5.364x) were also used to construct a monitoring model for the nitrogen content of the whole plant, and the R2 values were 0.737 and 0.511, respectively. The results obtained from prediction tests by using Determination Coefficient (R2), Relative Percent Deviation (RPD), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) showed that it was feasible, accurate, and efficient to use a scanner for measuring the nitrogen content of rice.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF WIDE COMPATIBILITY VARIETIES IN SOME TROPICAL JAPONICA RICE

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
A. Hairmansis ◽  
Hajrial Aswidinnoor ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Tropical Japonica ◽  
Wide Compatibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The F1 hybrid sterility in indica/japonica crosses is the major barrier in developing hybrid rice varieties between these two diverse germplasm. The sterility problem in japonica/indica hybrids can be overcome by using wide compatibility genes. The objective of this study was to identify wide compatibility varieties (WCVs) in some tropical japonica rice. Twenty five tropical japonica varieties as male parents were crossed with indica (IR64) and japonica (Akitakomachi) testers as female parents. The crosses were planted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties having average spikelet fertility of more than 70% with both the indica and japonica testers were rated as WCVs. Result from this study showed that six tropical japonica varieties were classified as WCVs, i.e., Cabacu, Grogol, Kencana Bali, Klemas, Lampung Lawer, and Napa. Hybrid sterility is caused by partial sterility of male and female gametes. The WCVs from the present study can be used in hybrid rice breeding program to solve hybrid sterility in indica/japonica hybrids.

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