scholarly journals The Variability of Grain Yield of Some Cowpea Genotypes in Response to Phosphorus and Water Stress under Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Grace Adusei ◽  
Moses Kwame Aidoo ◽  
Amit Kumar Srivastava ◽  
James Yaw Asibuo ◽  
Thomas Gaiser
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Humid Forest

The objective of this study is to identify cowpea genotypes that are tolerant to both phosphorous and drought stresses on highly weathered soil. It is hypothesized that (1) genotypes that have the highest grain yield under optimum conditions do not perform best under P or water stress and (2) genotypes that have the highest grain yield under P stress conditions also perform well under water or combined water and P stress. An experiment was conducted in the humid forest zone of Ghana during two dry seasons (2017 and 2018). Ten cowpea genotypes were evaluated in response to four combinations of P fertilizer and drought treatments. The treatments included 0 kg P ha−1 + water stress (0P + WS; control treatment); 60 kg P ha−1 + water stress (60P + WS); 0 kg P ha−1 + no water stress (0P + NWS); 60 kg P ha−1 + no water stress (60P + NWS; optimum condition) in both field experiments. The experiment was laid out in a split plot arrangement with three replications. The grain yield of the cowpea genotypes during 2017 growing cycle ranged between 1094 and 3600 kg ha−1, and in 2018 between 928 and 3125 kg ha−1. In both growing cycles, genotypes Asontem and GH5344 had the highest grain yield under optimum conditions (60 kg P ha−1 + water). Under combined P and water stress, Hans adua, GH6060 and Asontem were the best three genotypes with grain yield ranging between 1678 and 1478 kg ha−1 and this observation was made during both growing cycles. In conclusion, the genotypes showed a variable response to the different treatments in this study. Hypothesis 1 (genotypes that have the highest grain yield under optimum conditions do not perform best under water or P stress conditions) was not confirmed as the genotypes GH2309 and GH6060 (ranking 3rd and 4th under optimum conditions) were among the three best cultivars both under water or P stress conditions. Hypothesis 2.1 (genotypes that have the highest grain yield under P stress conditions perform well under water stress conditions) was confirmed for all genotypes studied except for the genotype Asontem. Hypothesis 2.2 (genotypes that have the highest grain yield under P stress conditions perform also well under combined water and P stress) was true since the best four genotypes under P stress where the best four genotypes under combined water and P stress (0P + WS). GH6060, Hans adua and Asontem are most adapted to combined water and P stress and need to be further explored to ascertain their potential as drought and phosphorus deficiency-tolerant genotypes.

scholarly journals RESPONSE YIELD WHEAT AND ITS COMPONENTS TO ABA UNDER EFFECT OF WATER STRESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad & Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crop Research

Two field experiments were carried out at field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib- agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of  irrigation deficiency quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on yield, its components of bahooth 10 wheat cultivar. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation quantities which control treatment (50% water depletion from available water), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sup plots. Second experiment included same irrigation treatments which occupied main plots while ABA spraying concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) micromoles occupied sub plots. The results of first experiment revealed there is no significant differences between the control treatment and 70% of the control for the number of spikelet per spike 18.79 and 18.45 spikelet Spike-1, number of spike 331.99 and 330.54 spike m-2, grain yield 4.73 and 4.74 ton ha-1 as average for both season respectively. The results of second experiment showed that control treatment attained the highest values of number of spike 328.25 and 333.92 spike m-2, grain yield 4.97 and 5.11 ton ha-1 for both season respectively, but didn’t differ 70% from control treatment. Concentrations soaking and spraying of ABA affect significantly most of studied traits. 3 micromoles Soaking concentration gave the highest values for number of spikes 309.00 and 310.25 spike m-2, number of grain per spike 49.81 and 51.18 grain Spike-1, grain yield 3.62 and 3.97 ton ha-1 for both season respectively, spraying with ABA at 60 micromole concentrations gave the average number of spike 326.00 and 332.00 spike m-2, grain yield 3.85 and 4.18 ton ha-1 for both season respectively with no significant difference with 90 micromole concentration which gave the highest values. The interaction between irrigation and ABA (soaking and spraying) showed a significantly effect on most characteristics yield and its components. Therefore can be conclude to capability of irrigation with 70% from full irrigation without signification effect in grain yield, as well as can be treat plant wheat with ABA concentration 3 and 60 micromoles soaking and spraying respectively to improve their ability to tolerance water stress.

Contribution of Stem Dry Matter to Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Pheloung ◽  
KHM Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.

scholarly journals Variation of Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Grain Yield in Iranian Cold Barley Promising Lines Under Well-Watered and Water Stress Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Soleiman Mohammadi ◽  
Reza Kas Nazani ◽  
Ayda Hosseinzadeh Mahootchi ◽  
Keiwan Ftohi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate promising lines in terms of grain yield and water-soluble carbohydrates remobiliza-tion, an experiment with fifteen promising lines and two checks was carried out under full irrigation and terminal water stress conditions at Miyandoab Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Station. Mobilized dry matter content and remobilization percentage from shoot to grain under water deficit (177mg)(11.2%) were greater than those under well watering condition. The lowest (110 mg) and the highest (260mg) mobilized dry matter to grain were obtained for C-79-18 and C-83-15lines, respectively. Water deficit reduced grain yield of barley genotypes by 200-1600 kg/ha, and mean grain yield reduction was 800 kg/ha. Line 14 with 5.880and 5.300t/ha grain yield in favorable and water stress conditions was superior to the other lines. Under water deficit condition, line 14 had greater grain yieldby20% and 38% than the Bahman and Makouee cultivars, respectively. The results showed that greater grain yield in tolerant lines under water deficit was due to remobilization of unstructured carbohydrates from shoot to grain. Thus, it seems that selection of lines with higher translocated dry matter and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilate in grain filling under water stress, the suitable way for achieving genotypes with high grain yield under water stress condition.

scholarly journals Effect of Microelements and Selenium on Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme, Malondialdehyde Activity and Grain Yield Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourali SAJEDI ◽  
Hamid MADANI ◽  
Ahmad NADERI
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Main Plot

This study was carried out to investigate effects of microelements under water deficit stress at different growth stages on antioxidant enzyme alteration, chemical biomarker and grain yield of maize in the years 2007 and 2008. The experiment was conducted in a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. There were three factors, water deficit stress at different stages of growth as main plot and combinations of selenium (with and without using) and microelements (with and without using) as sub plots. The result indicated that the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde content under water deficit stress increased, but grain yield was reduced. The highest grain yield was obtained from optimum irrigation, while in the case of with water deficit stress at V8 stage it was non significant. Selenium spray increased activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme, malondialdehyde content of leaves in V8, R2 and R4 stages and also grain yield. Application of microelements increased the leaves superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. Selenium and microelements spray under water deficit stress conditions during vegetative growth and dough stage increased grain yield in comparison to not spraying elements under water stress conditions. The present results also showed that by using selenium and microelements under water stress can obtain acceptable yield compared to not using these elements.

Leaf acid phosphatase isozymes in the diagnosis of phosphorus status in field-grown wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan ◽  
DE Elliot ◽  
DGde Marco ◽  
JH Garran ◽  
Marco DG De
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Residual Phosphorus ◽  
Stages Of Growth

This study examined the inorganic and total phosphorus in wheat plant tops, along with the phosphatase activity and the phosphatase isozymes occurring in the youngest fully expanded leaves, from two field experiments done in 1983 and I984 at two sites in South Australia. Twelve levels of phosphorus were used in the first year, and split plots in the second year allowed the effects of current and/or residual phosphorus treatments to be determined.The inorganic or total phosphorus concentration, or content per plant, could be related to plant and grain yield, but values relative to phosphorus deficiency varied between different stages of growth and between sites. Relationships with inorganic phosphorus were no better than those with total phosphorus.Leaf acid phosphatase assays were a better measure, providing similar values relative to plant deficiency between sites, between seasons and irrespective of whether current or residual phosphorus was the source, but the values varied with plant age.The phosphatase zymograms identified an isozyme which appeared when plants were deficient in phosphorus. It did not appear when they were adequately supplied. The isozyme appeared at all stages of growth to anthesis, and from late tillering through to heading was related to grain yield at both sites, in both seasons and whether freshly applied or residual phosphorus was the source of supply. For diagnostic purposes, specific sets of standards would be required for the phosphorus and phosphatase assays. They would not be required for the phosphatase zymograms.

scholarly journals Phenological, Physiological and yield markers as efficient tools to identify drought tolerant rice genotypes in Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Goutam Kumar Dash ◽  
Arti Guhey ◽  
Mirza Jaynul Baig ◽  
Madhusmita Barik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACTRice production is severely threatened by drought stress in Eastern India. To develop drought tolerant varieties, selection of donors for breeding programme is crucial. Twenty one selected rice genotypes including both tolerant and sensitive to drought were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in dry seasons of two successive years of 2017 and 2018. Leaf water potential, relative water content displayed significant difference among the genotypes during vegetative screening. At reproductive stage drought screening, days to 50% flowering was delayed in all genotypes except N22 and Anjali (showed early flowering) however grain yield and other yield related traits decreased significantly compared to well watered condition. Correlation analysis of phenological and yield related traits with grain yield revealed that tiller numbers and panicle numbers are highly correlated with grain yield both under well-watered and water stress conditions and contributes maximum towards grain yield. The dendrogram grouped Mahamaya, Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, IBD 1, Hazaridhan, Samleshwari and Danteshwari into one cluster which performed better under water stress conditions and had grain yield more than 1.69 tha−1. Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, Vandana, and N22 displayed tolerance to drought both under vegetative and reproductive conditions which could be a good selection for the breeders to develop drought tolerant rice cultivars for eastern region of India.

scholarly journals OF SOME FIELD TRAITS OF WHEAT TO ABA UNDER EFFECT OF WATER STRESS RESPONSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim & Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Significant Difference

Two field experiments were carried out at the field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib of agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of water irrigation quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on some morphological traits of wheat cultivar bahooth 10. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation volumes which control treatment (irrigation 50% of the water available), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sub plots. Second experiment included same irrigation treatments which occupied main plots while ABA spraying concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) micromoles occupied sub plots. Irrigation treatment 70% of first experiment produced plant height was 97.08 cm and flag leaf area 46.35 cm-2 and dry weight at 100% anthesis 1144.57 gm m-2.  For second experiment control treatment gave highest values for duration from planting to 100% anthesis 113.41 and 111.50 day, number of tillers 388.95 and 403.18 tiller m-2 , the crop growth rate 10.61 and 11.31 g m-2 day for both season respectively with no significant difference with 70% of control treatment for both seasons. Soaking concentration 3 micromoles attained the highest value of number of tillers 338.58 and 354.20 tiller m-2, dry matter at 100% anthesis 970.10 and 1102.43 gm m-2, day the crop growth rate 8.85 and 10.16 gm-2 . day for both seasons respectively .While spraying 90 micromoles concentration gave the lowest values for plant height 82.63 and 88.22 cm, but the highest value for number of tillers 336.67 and 384.92 tiller m-2 , for both season , day the crop growth rate 9.13 and 9.05 g m-2 day for first season with did not differ significantly from 60 micromoles . Therefore could be conclude to capability of irrigation with 70% from full irrigation without signification effect in growth traits, as well as can be treat plant wheat with ABA concentration 3 and 60 micromoles soaking and spraying respectively to improve their ability to tolerance water stress .

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