Effect and Compatibility of Phosphite with Trichoderma sp. Isolates in the Control of the Fusarium Species Complex Causing Pokkah Boeng in Sugarcane

Sugarcane, a highly productive crop, is frequently challenged by different biotic agents, such as the pokkah boeng disease that can cause drastic yield losses of up to 40%. This airborne fungal disease is caused by various Fusarium species integrated into a complex. Integrating novel compounds and biological control agents is of paramount importance to cope with these fungi in sustainable systems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect and compatibility of phosphite (Phi) and Trichoderma sp. in the control of Fusarium sp., in vitro and in planta. Using in vitro tests, we evaluated the effects of Phi (0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 µg mL−1) and the compatibility of Phi + Trichoderma (isolates Taz 001, 013, and 016) on the pathogen complex. Using in planta tests, we evaluated the compatibility of Phi + Trichoderma (Taz-016) in the control of Fusarium in sugarcane plants under greenhouse conditions. A synergistic effect of Phi + Trichoderma was observed in vitro on the control of the pathogen, especially when combining 1000 µg mL−1 + Trichoderma Taz-016. In the in planta trial, combining 4000 µg mL−1 Phi + Trichoderma Taz-016 showed the best control of Fusarium infection, improving plant height, culm length and leaf dry weight.

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Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella fijiensis from Banana to Trifloxystrobin

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2001.85.12.1264 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (12) ◽

pp. 1264-1270 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

K. M. Chin ◽

M. Wirz ◽

D. Laird

Keyword(s):

Cross Resistance ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽

In Planta ◽

Baseline Sensitivity ◽

Single Spore ◽

Resistance Factors ◽

Development Site ◽

Disease Pressure

An ascospore germination method was developed and validated to assess the sensitivity of bulk samples of Mycosphaerella fijiensis to trifloxystrobin. Using this method, the sensitivity of 142 ascospore samples from banana plantations not treated with strobilurins was analyzed to establish a baseline of pathogen sensitivity. A bulk method was utilized for monitoring purposes because it avoids potential complications due to the isolation and propagation of single-spore isolates and enables the testing of larger samples. Following intensive use of strobilurins (6 to 11 applications per year) over 4 years, under conditions of high disease pressure and the absence of sanitary measures at a development site in Costa Rica, bulk samples with 50% effective concentration (EC50) resistance factors (RFs) in excess of 500 compared with the mean baseline sensitivity were detected. Single-ascospore isolates derived from spores germinating at the discriminatory dose of 3 μg/ml were also resistant, suggesting that the frequency of resistant individuals in bulk samples could be estimated from the relative numbers of ascospores growing at this dose. The resistance of selected isolates was confirmed in planta. In vitro tests with four resistant and two sensitive single-ascospore isolates collected from different locations and times indicated possible cross-resistance of trifloxystrobin to azoxystrobin, famoxadone, and fenamidone, but not to propiconazole.

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Prevention and Detection of Fungicide Resistance Development in Rhizoctonia zeae from Soybean and Corn in Nebraska

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-11-20-0100-syn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nikita Gambhir ◽

Srikanth Kodati ◽

Matthew Huff ◽

Flávio Silva ◽

Olutoyosi Ajayi-Oyetunde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungicide Resistance ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Current Status ◽

In Planta ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Rhizoctonia Zeae

The goal of this research was to advance the foundational knowledge required to quantify and mitigate fungicide resistance in Rhizoctonia zeae, the seedling disease pathogen of soybean and corn. In vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, sedaxane, and/or prothioconazole was determined for 91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska. Isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, sedaxane, and prothioconazole (EC50 < 3 µg/ml) and had a positively skewed EC50 distribution. Isolates were not sensitive to azoxystrobin in vitro (EC50 > 100 µg/ml) or in planta. Application of azoxystrobin did not significantly decrease disease severity or improve total dry weight of the soybean plants (P > 0.05). The risk of resistance development in R. zeae was estimated by characterizing its population structure. Eighty-one R. zeae isolates were genotyped using six microsatellite markers. Results showed that the population has a mixed mode of reproduction and is structured according to geographic region, suggesting limited dispersal. These population characteristics suggest that R. zeae has an intermediate risk of resistance development. Overall, this research established the current status of fungicide sensitivity in R. zeae in Nebraska and estimated its risk of resistance development, which can inform fungicide resistance management for R. zeae.

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Actividad antifúngica de propóleos obtenidos en tres provincias de Cuba sobre hongos contaminantes en cultivo de tejidos vegetales

Acta Universitaria ◽

10.15174/au.2013.463 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

René Dionisio Cupull-Santana ◽

Remigio Cortés-Rodríguez ◽

Ervelio Eliseo Olazábal-Manso ◽

Carlos Alberto Hernández Medina

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar las características fisicoquímicas y la actividad antifúngica de propóleos de Apis mellifera, provenientes de las provincias de Villa Clara, Cienfuegos y Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Se utilizó el método de recolección por raspado y se estableció el contenido de cera, ceniza, material insoluble y resina de los propóleos crudos. Además, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro frente a los hongos Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Trichoderma sp., Colletotrichum sp. y Monilia sp.; los extractos presentaron alta actividad antifúngica en un amplio rango de concentraciones; además, los parámetros fisicoquímicos presentaron valores semejantes y dentro de los establecidos por regulaciones internacionales.

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Characterization of an antifungal soil bacterium and its antagonistic activities againstFusariumspecies

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w03-033 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 253-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Yiu-Kwok Chan ◽

Wayne A McCormick ◽

Keith A Seifert

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Ear Rot ◽

In Planta ◽

Head Blight

Bacteria were isolated from a cultivated soil and screened for antagonistic activity against Fusarium graminearum, a predominant agent of ear rot and head blight in cereal crops. Based on its in vitro effectiveness, isolate D1/2 was selected for characterization and identified as a strain of Bacillus subtilis by phenotypic tests and comparative analysis of its 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequence. It inhibited the mycelial growth of a collection of common fungal phytopathogens, including eight Fusarium species, three other ascomycetes, and one basidiomycete. The cell-free culture filtrate of D1/2 at different dilutions was active against macroconidium germination and hyphal growth of F. graminearum, depending on the initial macroconidium density. It induced the formation of swollen hyphal cells in liquid cultures of this fungus grown from macroconidia. A bioassay also demonstrated that D1/2 offered in planta protection against the damping-off disease in alfalfa seedlings caused by F. graminearum, while the type strain of B. subtilis was ineffective. Hence, B. subtilis D1/2 or its culture filtrate has potential application in controlling plant diseases caused by Fusarium.Key words: antifungal activity, Bacillus subtilis, biological control, biopesticide, Fusarium species.

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Potensi Trichoderma spp. sebagai Agens Pengendali Fusarium spp. Penyebab Penyakit Layu pada Tanaman Stroberi

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v25n4.2015.p331-339 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽

Melisa N Fajri ◽

Yunimar Yunimar

Keyword(s):

Fragaria X Ananassa ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp

Layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa Dutch.) di daerah subtropika, yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi Trichoderma spp. dalam mengendalikan Fusarium spp. Isolat Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari rizosfer tanaman stroberi dan Fusarium spp. diisolasi dari tanaman stroberi yang mengalami layu fusarium. Isolat cendawan dimurnikan, dikarakterisasi, dan dibandingkan dengan isolat cendawan acuan. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan metode dual culture dan slide culture. Uji in vivo dilakukan di rumah kasa menggunakan dua varietas stroberi, yaitu Santung serta California. Hasil penelitian in vitro memperoleh dua jenis isolat cendawan antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma sp.1 dan Trichoderma sp.2, dan dua jenis cendawan patogen Fusarium, yaitu Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 memiliki kemampuan antagonisme lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan isolat Trichoderma sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 secara berturut- turut, yaitu 49,7% dan 49,6%. Isolat Trichoderma sp.2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 lebih rendah, yaitu sebesar 45,8% dan 43,4%. Mekanisme antagonis yang terjadi antara cendawan antagonis dan patogen pada uji in vitro, yaitu pembelitan dan intervensi hifa. Hasil pada uji in vivo pada perlakuan Trichoderma sebelum Fusarium menunjukkan keefektifan pengendalian paling baik (41,72%) dibanding perlakuan lain. Varietas Santung lebih tahan terhadap serangan patogen dibandingkan varietas California. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, agens hayati Trichoderma spp. lebih optimal digunakan sebagai pencegahan (preventif) tanpa menunggu tanaman terinfeksi penyakit layu fusarium.

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Novel Antifungal Activity of Lolium-Associated Epichloë Endophytes

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8060955 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 955 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krishni Fernando ◽

Priyanka Reddy ◽

Inoka K. Hettiarachchige ◽

German C. Spangenberg ◽

Simone J. Rochfort ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Dual Culture ◽

The Novel ◽

In Planta ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Invertebrate Pests

Asexual Epichloë spp. fungal endophytes have been extensively studied for their functional secondary metabolite production. Historically, research mostly focused on understanding toxicity of endophyte-derived compounds on grazing livestock. However, endophyte-derived compounds also provide protection against invertebrate pests, disease, and other environmental stresses, which is important for ensuring yield and persistence of pastures. A preliminary screen of 30 strains using an in vitro dual culture bioassay identified 18 endophyte strains with antifungal activity. The novel strains NEA12, NEA21, and NEA23 were selected for further investigation as they are also known to produce alkaloids associated with protection against insect pests. Antifungal activity of selected endophyte strains was confirmed against three grass pathogens, Ceratobasidium sp., Dreschlera sp., and Fusarium sp., using independent isolates in an in vitro bioassay. NEA21 and NEA23 showed potent activity against Ceratobasidium sp. and NEA12 showed moderate inhibition against all three pathogens. Crude extracts from liquid cultures of NEA12 and NEA23 also inhibited growth of the phytopathogens Ceratobasidium sp. and Fusarium sp. and provided evidence that the compounds of interest are stable, constitutively expressed, and secreted. Comparative analysis of the in vitro and in planta metabolome of NEA12 and NEA23 using LCMS profile data revealed individual metabolites unique to each strain that are present in vitro and in planta. These compounds are the best candidates for the differential bioactivity observed for each strain. Novel endophyte strains show promise for endophyte-mediated control of phytopathogens impacting Lolium spp. pasture production and animal welfare.

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EFFECT OF A VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR (VA) ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS (Glomus epigaeum) ON THE GROWTH AND LEAF MINERAL CONTENT OF TWO APPLE CLONES PROPAGATED IN VITRO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps83-067 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 551-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

R. L. GRANGER ◽

C. PLENCHETTE ◽

J. A. FORTIN

Keyword(s):

Mineral Content ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular ◽

Mycorrhizal Plants ◽

Growth Differences ◽

Leaf P ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

In vitro propagated apple tree plants of the clones Mailing Merton 111 (MM.111) and Mailing 7 (M.7) grown in a greenhouse in pots containing calcined montmorillonite chips were inoculated with a vesicular arbuscular (VA) endomycorrhizal fungus (Glomus epigaeum Daniels & Trappe) and fed with a nutrient solution. Fifteen weeks after inoculation, the height of the M.7 mycorrhizal plants was 1.7 greater than those of the controls, the total leaf area and leaf dry weight of the M.7 mycorrhizal plants were both 1.9 greater. The inoculated roots of both clones were heavily colonized by the fungus. However, no growth differences were observed on the trees of MM.111 clone. The fungus significantly increased leaf Cu of both rootstocks and increased leaf P of M.7 but it had no effect on leaf Ca, Mg and Zn and it depressed leaf K of M.7 plants.Key words: Mycorrhizae, apple, clone, Glomus epigaeum

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On the Applicability of Chitosan Oligomers-Amino Acid Conjugate Complexes as Eco-Friendly Fungicides against Grapevine Trunk Pathogens

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 324

Author(s):

Laura Buzón-Durán ◽

Natalia Langa-Lomba ◽

Vicente González-García ◽

José Casanova-Gascón ◽

Jesús Martín-Gil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Field Trials ◽

Fungal Species ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

In Planta ◽

Management Culture ◽

Amino Acid Conjugate ◽

Acid Conjugate

In a context in which the incidence and severity of grapevine fungal diseases is increasing as a result of both climate change and modern management culture practices, reducing the excessive use of phytosanitary products in viticulture represents a major challenge. Specifically, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by several complexes of wood decay or xylem-inhabiting fungi, pose a major challenge to vineyard sustainability. In this study, the efficacy of chitosan oligomers (COS)–amino acid conjugate complexes against three fungal species belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family (Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Botryosphaeria dothidea) was investigated both in vitro and in planta. In vitro tests led to EC50 and EC90 effective concentrations in the 254.6−448.5 and 672.1−1498.5 µg·mL−1 range, respectively, depending on the amino acid involved in the conjugate complex (viz. cysteine, glycine, proline or tyrosine) and on the pathogen assayed. A synergistic effect between COS and the amino acids was observed against D. seriata and B. dothidea (synergy factors of up to 2.5 and 2.8, respectively, according to Wadley’s method). The formulations based on COS and on the conjugate complex that showed the best inhibition rates, COS−tyrosine, were further investigated in a greenhouse trial on grafted vines of two varieties (”Tempranillo” on 775P and “Garnacha” on 110R rootstock), artificially inoculated with the mentioned three Botryosphaeriaceae species. The in planta bioassay revealed that the chosen formulations induced a significant decrease in disease severity against N. parvum and B. dothidea. In summary, the reported conjugate complexes may be promising enough to be worthy of additional examination in larger field trials.

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In-Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Plant Extract on Fusarium Species

Mapana Journal of Sciences ◽

10.12723/mjs.51.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

P Asiya ◽

PR Sreeraj ◽

Joseph John ◽

PB Ramya

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Poison Food Technique

Plant protection is an important area which needs attention since most of the hazardous inputs added into the agricultural system are in the form of plant protection chemicals. Botanicals possess a variety of promising properties which make it a better biocontrol agent. The objectives of the present study were to isolate Fusarium sp. from soil and to check the effect of botanicals against this fungal pathogen in-vitro. The antagonistic activity of botanicals was studied by co-inoculation with the Fusarium sp. isolated from rhizosphere soil. In poison food technique, the botanicals in different concentration, showed decrease in the growth of the fungal pathogen. Maximum inhibition was observed in 10% Azadiracta sp. with 64% inhibition followed by 5% Azadiracta sp. with 57.8%

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KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGIS Trichoderma sp. ISOLAT JB DAN DAYA HAMBATNYA TERHADAP JAMUR Fusarium sp. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU DAN JAMUR AKAR PUTIH PADA BEBERAPA TANAMAN

JURNAL WIDYA BIOLOGI ◽

10.32795/widyabiologi.v10i02.407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 99-112

Author(s):

I Wayan Suanda

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi morfologis Trichoderma sp. isolat JB dan daya hambatnya terhadap jamur Fusarium sp. penyebab penyakit layu dan jamur akar putih (JAP) pada tanaman cengkeh dan tanaman asem. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana. Variabel observasi berupa karakteristik makroskopik, meliputi warna koloni, elevasi, bentuk tepi koloni dan karakteristik mikroskopis termasuk bentuk konidiofor, fialid dan konidia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. isolat JB secara in-vitro pada umur 5 HSI mampu menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur Fusarium sp. penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman stroberi = 63,33%, tanaman kacang panjang = 50,66%, tanaman cabai 66,67%, tanaman tomat = 89,47% dan mampu menekan pertumbuhan koloni JAP pada tanaman cengkeh sebesar 90,14 % serta JAP pada tanaman asem sebesar 81,48%.

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