The Sensitivity of Field Populations of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Seven Insecticides in Northern China

Insect pests are primarily controlled by insecticides. However, the sensitivity decreases and insecticide resistance is problematic for the effective management of agriculturally important insects, including Metopolophium dirhodum, which is an aphid that commonly feeds on cereals. The insecticide sensitivity status and potential resistance of M. dirhodum field populations remain relatively unknown. In this study, the susceptibility of 19 M. dirhodum populations from seven provinces in Northern China to neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphates, and a macrolide (abamectin) was determined in 2017–2019. The results indicated that two populations were highly resistant to thiamethoxam, with a relative resistance ratio (RLR) of 134.03 and 103.03, whereas one population was highly resistant to beta-cypermethrin (RLR of 121.42). On the basis of the RLR, the tested M. dirhodum populations ranging from susceptible to showing moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid (RLR of 1.50 to 57.29), omethoate (RLR of 1.07 to 18.73), and abamectin (RLR of 1.10 to 25.89), but they were ranging from susceptible to showing tolerance or low levels of resistance to bifenthrin (RLR of 1.14 to 6.02) and chlorpyrifos (RLR of 1.11 to 7.59). Furthermore, a pair-wise correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the median lethal concentrations (LC50) for beta-cypermethrin and thiamethoxam, reflecting the cross-resistance between these two insecticides. The data obtained in our study provide timely information about aphid insecticide sensitivity, which may be used to delay the evolution of M. dirhodum insecticide resistance in Northern China.

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Status of insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from 1997 to 2019: cross-resistance, genetics, biological costs, underlying mechanisms, and implications for management

Phytoparasitica ◽

10.1007/s12600-021-00959-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ansa Banazeer ◽

Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal ◽

Shoaib Hassan ◽

Mamuna Ijaz ◽

Sarfraz Ali Shad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Resistance Genetics

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RNA Sequencing Analysis of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Reveals the Mechanism Underlying Insecticide Resistance

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.639841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Haifeng Gao ◽

Xun Zhu ◽

Guangkuo Li ◽

Enliang Liu ◽

Yuyang Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Transcriptome Sequencing ◽

Western China ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Transcriptome Data ◽

Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽

Gene Characterization ◽

Agricultural Regions ◽

Phloem Feeding ◽

Aphid Development

Xinjiang (XJ) and Ningxia (NX) provinces are important agricultural regions in western China. Aphids are one kind of the most devastating pests in both the provinces. Aphids are typical phloem-feeding insects distributed worldwide and can severely damage crops. In this study, two representative Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations were collected from the typical agricultural regions of XJ and NX, respectively for a high-throughput transcriptome sequencing analysis. A total of 5,265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The functional annotation of DEGs and the identification of enriched pathways indicated many of the DEGs are involved in processes related to energy metabolism, development, and insecticide resistance. Furthermore, an investigation of insecticide toxicity revealed the NX population is more resistant to insecticide treatments than the XJ population. Thus, the transcriptome data generated in present study can be used for functional gene characterization relevant to aphid development, metabolism, environmental adaptation, and insecticide resistance.

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Genetic diversity in different populations of sloths assessed by DNA fingerprinting

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842002000300015 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 503-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. MORAES ◽

J. S. MORGANTE ◽

C. Y. MIYAKI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Dna Fingerprinting ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Similarity Indices ◽

Different Populations ◽

Related Individuals ◽

Low Levels ◽

Dna Profiles ◽

Two Populations

In this study we analyzed a population of Bradypus torquatus with individuals originally distributed in different localities of Bahia, and two populations of B. variegatus with individuals from Bahia and São Paulo States. Using the DNA fingerprinting method, we assessed the genetic variability within and between populations. Analysis of the DNA profiles revealed genetic similarity indices ranging from 0.34 ± 0.07 to 0.87 ± 0.04. Similar low levels of genetic variability were found only in isolated mammalian populations or among related individuals. This study presents the first analyses of genetic diversity in sloth populations.

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Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Residues in Fat of Bovine and Porcine Carcasses Marketed in Ontario, Canada from 1969 to 1981

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-46.10.893 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 893-900 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. FRANK ◽

H. E. BRAUN ◽

G. FLEMING

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Industrial Chemicals ◽

Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽

Organochlorine Insecticides ◽

Maximum Residue Levels ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Residue Levels ◽

Low Levels ◽

Control Insect

Between 1969 and 1981, 2482 bovine and 554 porcine carcasses were sampled at provincially inspected abattoirs across Ontario. Abdominal fats were composited into 505 bovine and 122 porcine samples for analyses of organochlorine insecticides and industrial chemicals. Mean ∑DDT residues decreased from 257 μg/kg in 1969–70 to 12 μg/kg in 1981 for bovine fats and from 356 μg/kg in 1971–72 to 5 μg/kg in 1981 for porcine fats. Similar decreases in residue levels were observed for PCB. Dieldrin, with lower initial residues (i.e. 33 μg/kg in bovine fat and 12 μg/kg in porcine), decreased an order of magnitude over this same period. All decreases fitted first order logarithmic regression equations. Chloradane and heptachlor epoxide were rarely observed in bovine or porcine fat; however, the incidence in bovine fat increased after 1973 following the removal of aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor in 1969 for soil insect control and the subsequent increased use of chlordane. Chlordane appeared at low levels (1–2 μg/kg) in bovine fat during the mid 1970s and remained detectable through 1981. Lindane residues in both bovine and porcine fat fluctuated from year to year and appeared to vary with the need to control insect pests. While present (2 to 39 μg/kg) in the early 1970s, lindane residues disappeared by mid 1970 but reappeared in fatty tissues in 1981 (3–13 μg/kg). A limited number of samples were analyzed for organophosphorus insecticides between 1973 and 1980 and residues were occasionally found. In 1981, the analyses became routine and 3.6% of bovine samples were found to contain detectable residues of fenthion; only 2 of 197 bovine samples exceeded the maximum residue levels permitted under the Food and Drug Act.

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Low Levels of Pyrethroid Resistance in Hybrid Offspring of a Highly Resistant and a More Susceptible Mosquito Strain

Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.1093/jisesa/ieaa060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Pinch ◽

Stacy D Rodriguez ◽

Soumi Mitra ◽

Yashoda Kandel ◽

Emily Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Human Host ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Choice Assay ◽

Low Levels ◽

Control Disease ◽

Different Strains

Abstract The use of insecticides has been a central approach to control disease-transmitting mosquitoes for the last century. The high prevalence of pyrethroid use as public health insecticides has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in many populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), throughout its global distribution range. Insecticide resistance is often correlated with an associated fitness cost. In this project, we studied the phenotypes of hybrid mosquitoes derived from crossing a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Puerto Rico [PR]) with a more susceptible one (Rockefeller [ROCK]). We first sequenced and compared the para gene of both original strains. We then crossed males from one strain with females of the other, creating two hybrids (Puertofeller, Rockorico). We used a Y-tube choice assay to measure the attraction of these strains towards a human host. We then compared the levels of pyrethroid resistance in the different strains. We found three known resistance mutations in the para gene sequence of the PR strain. In our attraction assays, PR females showed lower attraction to humans, than the ROCK females. Both hybrid strains showed strong attraction to a human host. In the insecticide resistance bottle assays, both hybrid strains showed marginal increases in resistance to permethrin compared to the more susceptible ROCK strain. These results suggest that hybrids of sensitive and permethrin-resistant mosquitoes have an incremental advantage compared to more susceptible mosquitoes when challenged with permethrin. This explains the rapid spread of permethrin resistance that was observed many times in the field.

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Low levels of inbreeding depression and enhanced fitness in cleistogamous progeny in the annual plant Triodanis perfoliata

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2019-0022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 405-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beth H. Ansaldi ◽

Jennifer J. Weber ◽

Carol Goodwillie ◽

Steven J. Franks

Keyword(s):

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Mixed Mating ◽

Life Stages ◽

Annual Plant ◽

Flower Type ◽

Low Levels ◽

Two Populations ◽

Selfing Species

The maintenance of outcrossing in cleistogamous plants that produce both open, facultatively outcrossing chasmogamous (CH), and closed, obligate selfing cleistogamous (CL) flowers is puzzling because CL reproduction is thought to be more reliable and less costly. A possible explanation for the maintenance of CH flowers is the avoidance of inbreeding depression. However, inbreeding depression for cleistogamous species has rarely been quantified. In this study, we estimate levels of inbreeding depression in plants from three populations of Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl., a dimorphic cleistogamous annual, under greenhouse conditions. Estimates of inbreeding depression at multiple life stages in all three populations were low and often not different from zero. Inbreeding depression at specific life stages varied, with two populations showing later-acting inbreeding depression, which is also found in other selfing species. In two of the study populations, selfed CL progeny outperformed selfed CH progeny, indicating a flower-type effect. The low levels of inbreeding depression and the superior fitness of CL compared with selfed CH flowers that we observed make the maintenance of CH flowers in this system surprising, and suggest that other advantages of outcrossing CH flowers are likely responsible for maintaining mixed mating in this species.

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Cross-Resistance to Imazapic and Imazapyr in a Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa) Biotype Found in Malaysia

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100058 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. DILIPKUMAR ◽

N.R. BURGOS ◽

T.S. CHUAH ◽

S. ISMAIL

Keyword(s):

Rice Field ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Management Tool ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Effective Management ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

First Case ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT: The Clearfield® rice production system is an effective management tool for weedy rice and other weeds in the direct-seeded rice culture. However, if farmers cultivating the Clearfield® rice disregard stewardship recommendations, the industry could face a problem of herbicide-resistant weedy rice which would occur through the selection of outcrosses. This study aimed to confirm imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice in Malaysia. The resistant weedy rice (R-WR) was found to be 67 fold more resistant to OnDuty® (premix of imazapic and imazapyr) than the susceptible weedy rice (S-WR) based on the GR50 values (rate that causes 50% inhibition of shoot growth). The Clearfield® rice cultivar was 32-fold more tolerant to OnDuty® than the S-WR. Furthermore, the R-WR was 54 and 89 fold more resistant to imazapic and imazapyr applied separately than the S-WR, respectively. The Clearfield® rice was 140- and 40-fold more tolerant to imazapic and imazapyr, respectively than the S-WR. The R-WR biotype was susceptible to non-selective herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate, as well as the selective graminicide quizalofop. Oxadiazon controlled the R-WR biotype, but pretilachlor was ineffective. The present study documented the first case of weedy rice that was cross-resistant to imazapic and imazapyr in Malaysian Clearfield® rice field.

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Application of the FAO-recommended method for detecting insecticide resistance in Aphis jabae Scopoli, Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300013845 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 107-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. F. Stribley ◽

G. D. MOORES ◽

A. L. DEVONSHIRE ◽

R. M. SAWICKI

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Sitobion Avenae ◽

Aphis Fabae ◽

Cereal Aphids ◽

Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽

Large Numbers ◽

The Uk ◽

Dip Test

AbstractBaseline toxicity measurements established discriminating concentrations of pirimicarb and demeton-S-methyl guaranteed to kill susceptible examples of Aphis fabae Scop., Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in the dip-test, the FAO-recommended method for detecting resistance in aphids. There was no evidence for resistance to either insecticide in field-collected populations of aphids from various parts of the UK or amongst variants of S. avenae characterised by staining their esterases after electrophoresis. New, simple techniques for rearing large numbers of colonies of cereal aphids are described.

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