scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Available Trace Metals in Four Typical Mediterranean Soils: The Caia Irrigation Perimeter Case Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
José Telo da Telo da Gama ◽  
Luis Loures ◽  
António López-Piñeiro ◽  
José Rato Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Input ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Mediterranean Soils

There is a small sample of edaphic geochemistry studies over large geographic areas, especially studies that consider major reference soil groups (RSG) that evaluate both native concentrations of elements and anthropogenically contaminated soils in agricultural settings, considering the long-term effect of agricultural practices on landscape sustainability. In this study, four RSGs were analyzed for the available trace elements Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Zn, including other edaphic properties from 2002 to 2012. The main objectives were to assess the range of concentrations of the selected elements in the four typical Mediterranean soils, Cambisols, Luvisols, Calcisols, and Fluvisols, with heavy anthropogenic input (HAI) and compare them to minimal anthropogenic input (MAI). For MAI, the background levels of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr were highest in Calcisols, differing from those of Cambisols, Luvisols, and Fluvisols (p < 0.01), Cu is highest both in Calcisols and Luvisols while Mn is higher in Cambisols and Fluvisols (p < 0.05). The background concentration of Zn was the same in all RSGs (p > 0.05). For HAI, the reference levels of Pb, Ni, Cd, Mn, and Cr were highest in the Calcisols, and Cu was high in all RSGs except Fluvisols, while Zn presented the lowest concentrations in the Luvisol RSG, with all these results considering a confidence interval of 95%. Predictive maps for the sampled elements, as well as the edaphic bioavailability, are provided. This environmental impact assessment suggests that the land use is departing from sustainable ecosystem service development and that territorial management practices, with conservation goals in mind, should be adopted.

scholarly journals Preliminary results of several small sample studies in the Ukraine, during TRE trainings on different levels

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Different Levels

Tension, Stress und Trauma Releasing Exercises (TRE) are a sequence of seven exercises used to trigger neurogenic tremor. The aim of this tremor is to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD and other stress-induced symptoms. This article describes the investigation оf the effects of TRE by a standardized questionnaire which offered also space for quantitative comments. We can demonstrate that TRE do not only relief heаlth complaints directly after the trainings, but has also a positive long term effect after some month.

scholarly journals Revealing soil legacy phosphorus to promote sustainable agriculture in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S. Pavinato ◽  
Maurício R. Cherubin ◽  
Amin Soltangheisi ◽  
Gustavo C. Rocha ◽  
Dave R. Chadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Legacy

Abstract Exploiting native soil phosphorus (P) and the large reservoirs of residual P accumulated over decades of cultivation, namely “legacy P”, has great potential to overcome the high demand of P fertilisers in Brazilian cropping systems. Long-term field experiments have shown that a large proportion (> 70%) of the surplus P added via fertilisers remains in the soil, mainly in forms not readily available to crops. An important issue is if the amount of legacy P mobilized from soil is sufficient for the crop nutritional demand and over how long this stored soil P can be effectively ‘mined’ by crops in a profitable way. Here we mapped the spatial–temporal distribution of legacy P over the past 50 years, and discussed possible agricultural practices that could increase soil legacy P usage by plants in Brazil. Mineral fertiliser and manure applications have resulted in ~ 33.4 Tg of legacy P accumulated in the agricultural soils from 1967 to 2016, with a current annual surplus rate of 1.6 Tg. Following this same rate, soil legacy P may reach up to 106.5 Tg by 2050. Agricultural management practices to enhance soil legacy P usage by crops includes increasing soil pH by liming, crop rotation, double-cropping, inter-season cover crops, no-tillage system and use of modern fertilisers, in addition to more efficient crop varieties and inoculation with P solubilising microorganisms. The adoption of these practices could increase the use efficiency of P, substantially reducing the new input of fertilisers and thus save up to 31.8 Tg of P fertiliser use (US$ 20.8 billion) in the coming decades. Therefore, exploring soil legacy P is imperative to reduce the demand for mineral fertilisers while promoting long-term P sustainability in Brazil.

scholarly journals Long Term Effect of Phonetic Instruction on the Production of /p/ by EFL Arab Learners: an Exploratory Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Ghazi Algethami
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pronunciation Instruction ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Phonetic Instruction

Most previous studies, that have examined the effect of explicit pronunciation instruction on foreign language speech, have focused on the short term effect of explicit pronunciation instruction, usually measured immediately after instruction. For this reason, it is not yet clear whether the attested benefit from pronunciation instruction can be sustained for a long time after instruction. The current study attempted to explore the long term effect of phonetic instruction on the production of the English bilabial voiceless stop /p/ by Arab learners of English as foreign language (EFL, henceforth). Nine Arab EFL learners were assigned to two groups, control and experimental. The experimental group received phonetic instruction on how to produce the English sound /p/, whereas the control group did not. The production of the English sound /p/ was elicited from all the learners in both groups, once before the instruction and once after 11 weeks of the instruction. Two experienced native English instructors were asked to judge whether the students produced /p/ or /b/. The results generally showed no benefit from the phonetic instruction on the delayed production of /p/ by the EFL Arab learners. Although the results do not seem encouraging for pronunciation instruction, it is difficult to reach a conclusion with regard to pronunciation instruction due to the small sample size used in the current exploratory study, and to the difficulty to generalize the results on /p/ to all other sounds. Future studies may use larger sample sizes and include more sounds in their instruction methods.

Long term effect of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity and profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil fertility in North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Yadav ◽  
C. M. Parihar ◽  
S. L. Jat ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Western India ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
North Western

The present study was planned to evaluate the long term effect of legume intensified maize based crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity, profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil health. The experiment consisted of three tillage practices i.e. zero tillage (ZT), permanent bed (PB) and conventional tillage (CT) as main plot treatments and four crop rotations (MWMb; maize-wheat-mungbean, MCS; maize-chickpea-Sesbania, MMuMb; maize-mustard-mungbean, MMS; maize-maize-Sesbania) as sub plot treatments. Results revealed that ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in grain (7.7-14.2%) and stover yield (7.4-13.0%) of maize over CT. Similarly, maize grain and stover yield were invariably higher in MCS and MWMb systems compared to MMuMb and MMS rotations. The total soil carbon (TSC) content increased by 15.4-17.4 and 20.32-20.91% with ZT and PB over CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths, respectively. However, MCS and MWMb rotations registered 11.3-18.0% (0-15 cm) and 8.4-11.0% (15-30 cm) higher TSC over MMuMb rotation. Similarly, ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in available soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) compared to CT. ZT/PB under MCS crop rotations registered higher net returns and BC ratio compared to rest of the treatment combinations. Interaction effect of tillage and crop rotations were significant (P less than 0.05) for stover yield, net returns, BC ratio and TSC and all these parameters were reported maximum with ZT-MCS. Thus, the present study suggests that CA based crop management practices can be advocated as sustainable intensification strategy in north-western India.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM USE OF TILLAGE, RESIDUES AND N LEVELS IN SORGHUM (SORGHUM VULGARE (L)) – CASTOR (RICINUS COMMUNIS) CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS – CROP RESPONSES AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE – PART I

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KUSUMA GRACE ◽  
K. L. SHARMA ◽  
D. SUMACHANDRIKA ◽  
K. SRINIVAS ◽  
U. K. MANDAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Long Term Effect

SUMMARYThis experiment was conducted to study the long-term effect of soil management treatments on crop yields, sustainability yield indices (SYI) and soil fertility in rainfed semi-arid tropical Alfisol at Hayathnagar Research Farm, Hyderabad, India, during the period 1995 to 2009. The experiment was conducted in a split–split plot design with conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) as main factors, surface application of sorghum stover @ 2 t ha−1 (SS), fresh Gliricidia loppings @ 2 t ha−1 (GL) and ‘no’ residue (NR) as sub-factors and levels of N viz. 0 (N0), 30 (N30), 60 (N60) and 90 (N90) kg N ha−1 as sub–sub factors in a castor–sorghum two-year rotation. On an average, CT maintained 30.4 and 57.0% higher grain yields of sorghum and castor, respectively, over MT. Between two residues, GL performed well in both the crops. The highest yields of sorghum (1425 kg ha−1) and castor (876 kg ha−1) were recorded at 90 kg N ha−1. CT maintained higher SYI of 0.44 compared to MT (0.38) and higher agronomic efficiency (AE) of 13.5 and 6.76 kg grain kg−1 N for sorghum and castor crop, respectively. Use of crop residue as mulch had an advantage in increasing the yield of both the crops with increase in rainfall under CT even without N application (control), probably by making the soil more receptive to water infiltration, better moisture storage and by reducing the evaporative losses. Using response functions, the optimum fertilizer N requirement was also computed for a given set of tillage and residue combinations. The revised optimum fertilizer N doses for sorghum and castor varied from 45 to 56 kg ha−1 and 46 to 74 kg ha−1, respectively, under different tillage and residue combinations and could be recommended depending upon the soil management practices.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Active Management Applied to Meadows with Phengaris Butterflies Occurrence

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
T. Bubová ◽  
M. Kulma ◽  
V. Vrabec
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Management Application ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

AbstractIn recent decades, changes in meadows maintenance have reduced the populations of endangered butterfly speciesPhengaris nausithous(Bergsträsser, 1779) andP. teleius(Bergsträsser, 1779). Currently, meadows are either abandoned or intensively used. Unfortunately, both these managements are considered unfavourable for grassland butterfly species. In this study, the effect of suitable meadow management on population sizes of both the above mentionedPhengarisspecies was investigated. The experiment was performed at the locality Dolní Labe (Děčín, Czech Republic). The most suitable models, based on the lowest values of Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample sizes, were selected using MARK statistical software. The results were subsequently compared with data obtained from this locality prior to the management application. Unexpectedly, no significant positive effects were found. To reach the desirable status, suitable management practices should be applied for long-term. To verify the management effect on the population size, the meadows were divided into three groups: (i) application of favourable management, (ii) mowing in inappropriate term, (iii) without management. Based on the statistical evaluation, the management application proved to be the most favourable option for both studied butterflies species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document