Understanding the Impact of Drought in Coffea Genotypes: Transcriptomic Analysis Supports a Common High Resilience to Moderate Water Deficit but a Genotype Dependent Sensitivity to Severe Water Deficit

Water scarcity is the most significant factor limiting coffee production, although some cultivars can still have important drought tolerance. This study analyzed leaf transcriptomes of two coffee cultivars with contrasting physiological responses, Coffea canephora cv. CL153 and Coffea. arabica cv. Icatu, subjected to moderate (MWD) or severe water deficits (SWD). We found that MWD had a low impact compared with SWD, where 10% of all genes in Icatu and 17% in CL153 reacted to drought, being mainly down-regulated upon stress. Drought triggered a genotype-specific response involving the up-regulation of reticuline oxidase genes in CL153 and heat shock proteins in Icatu. Responsiveness to drought also included desiccation protectant genes, but primarily, aspartic proteases, especially in CL153. A total of 83 Transcription Factors were found engaged in response to drought, mainly up-regulated, especially under SWD. Together with the enrollment of 49 phosphatases and 272 protein kinases, results suggest the involvement of ABA-signaling processes in drought acclimation. The integration of these findings with complementing physiological and biochemical studies reveals that both genotypes are more resilient to moderate drought than previously thought and suggests the existence of post-transcriptional mechanisms modulating the response to drought.

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Effectiveness of Seed Priming and Soil Drench with Salicylic Acid on Tomato Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Severe Water Deficit

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition ◽

10.1007/s42729-021-00528-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yutcelia Carolina Galviz ◽

Gabriel Streck Bortolin ◽

Kezia Aparecida Guidorizi ◽

Sidnei Deuner ◽

Fernanda Reolon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Soil Drench ◽

Severe Water Deficit ◽

Tomato Growth ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

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Current Knowledge of Coffee Wilt Disease, a Major Constraint to Coffee Production in Africa

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-96-0663 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 663-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mike A. Rutherford

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Central Africa ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Major Constraint ◽

Future Production ◽

Wide Scale ◽

The Impact

Coffee is vital to the economy of East and Central Africa, providing a major source of foreign exchange earnings and, as a cash crop, supporting the livelihoods of millions involved in cultivation, processing, marketing, and export. Coffee wilt disease (CWD), attributed to Gibberella xylarioides (Fusarium xylarioides), has caused losses to coffee production in Africa since 1927 but has been largely contained through the use of host resistance and in some instances wide-scale sanitation practices. A reemergence of CWD on Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee) in Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania has already led to heavy losses and threatens future production in these countries and elsewhere in the region. The relevance of CWD is all the more pertinent given the impact of a considerable fall in world coffee prices over the last decade. Recent research has clarified the extent of the problem in the region and revealed a low level of diversity within the pathogen, suggesting that two genetically and biologically distinct forms are responsible for current problems. These findings and related research and development initiatives undertaken under the auspices of the Regional Coffee Wilt Programme are of fundamental importance in providing an urgently needed solution to this devastating disease.

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Traditional Varieties of Caupi Submitted to Water Deficit: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n6p424 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 424

Author(s):

Bruno do Nascimento Silva ◽

Stelamaris de Oliveira Paula ◽

Joniele Vieira de Oliveira ◽

Johny de Souza Silva ◽

Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Family Farms ◽

Water Restriction ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Severe Water Deficit ◽

Total Carbohydrates ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) it is a leguminous widely cultivated in Northeast of Brazil. In the state of Ceara, its cultivation is performed mainly by family farms who make use of traditional varieties of good adaptation to the growing region. Thus, characterizing traditional varieties with characteristics of adaptation to regions with water shortage is essential for the production of food in the world, especially in semi-arid regions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses in three genotypes of cowpea, being two traditional varieties grown in Ceara (Sempre-Verde and Cabeça-de-Gato) and a genotype characterized as a standard of drought tolerance (Pingo-de-Ouro-1,2) under three water regimes: irrigated, moderate deficit and severe water deficit. The parameters evaluated were: gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, organic solutes (proline, total carbohydrates, reducing and non-reducing carbohydrates), starch and enzyme activity (APX, G-POD, CAT and SOD). The genotype Pingo-de-Ouro-1,2 confirmed its tolerance pattern in a water deficit condition, presenting greater water potential, higher photosynthetic rate, high levels of total carbohydrates and high accumulation of proline. Among the traditional varieties, the Cabeça-de-Gato presented superior photosynthesis to Sempre-Verde higher Electron Transport Rate (ETR), reflecting in a greater photochemical quenching (qP) and a greater accumulation of proline, indicating that this variety presents more pronounced adaptive characteristics for water restriction conditions, which is a common condition to the Brazilian semiarid.

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From grape berries to wines: drought impacts on key secondary metabolites

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.3.3093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 569-582

Author(s):

Stefania Savoi ◽

Jose Carlos Herrera ◽

Silvia Carlin ◽

Cesare Lotti ◽

Barbara Bucchetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Positive Role ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Wine Composition ◽

Severe Water Deficit ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Compositional Changes ◽

The Impact

Aim. We aimed to study the impact of water deficit on the concentration of key flavour and phenolic secondary metabolites of wines.Methods and results. A drought-stress field trial was conducted on Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot and Tocai Friulano for two seasons. Fully irrigated (C) and deficit irrigated (D) grapes were microvinified and the resulting wines were analysed to determine the concentrations of anthocyanins, tannins, and free and glycosidically-bound Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). A descriptive sensory test was undertaken on the same wines. Water stressed grapes produced wines with higher concentrations of anthocyanins in Merlot and of free and glycosidically-bound monoterpenes in Tocai Friulano. Both cultivars displayed higher amounts of glycosidically-bound C13-norisoprenoids.Conclusions. Previously observed drought-induced compositional changes to the grapes were transfered to the wines, with an increase in polyphenols and VOCs. However, the timing and the duration of the water stress in the field only heavily impacted the final wine composition with major metabolic modification when the severe water deficit started early (at approximately 40 days after anthesis) and lasted over the entire season until harvest.Significance and impact of the study. This study highlights the positive role of a controlled water deficit on the composition of the wines in terms of secondary metabolites.

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John Keats and Indian Medicine

Romanticism ◽

10.3366/rom.2016.0271 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 157-166

Author(s):

Nikki Hessell

Keyword(s):

Medical Knowledge ◽

John Keats ◽

Specific Response ◽

Medical Studies ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Medical Practices ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Medical Imagery ◽

Indian Medicine ◽

The Impact

John Keats's medical studies at Guy's Hospital coincided with a boom in interest in both the traditional medicines of the sub-continent and the experiences of British doctors and patients in India. Despite extensive scholarship on the impact of Keats's medical knowledge on his poetry, little consideration has been given to Keats's exposure to Indian medicine. The poetry that followed his time at Guy's contains numerous references to the contemporary state of knowledge about India and its medical practices, both past and present. This essay focuses on Isabella and considers the major sources of information about Indian medicine in the Regency. It proposes that some of Keats's medical imagery might be read as a specific response to the debates about medicine in the sub-continent.

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THE IMPACT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN POTATOES PLANTS ON ACCUMULATION OF STARCH IN TUBERS

Agro-industrial technologies of the Central Russia ◽

10.24888/2541-7835-2019-12-48-56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 48-56

Author(s):

A.V. Butov ◽

◽

A.A. Mandrova ◽

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Processes ◽

The Impact ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

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Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽

10.37157/fimca.v5i2.58 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 28-31

Author(s):

Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽

Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽

Marcos Santana Moraes ◽

Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽

Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Improvement ◽

Block Design ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

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Overexpression of MdATG8i improves water use efficiency in transgenic apple by modulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and autophagic activity under moderate water deficit

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-021-00521-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Jia ◽

Ke Mao ◽

Ping Wang ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Xumei Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Critical Role ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Autophagic Activity

AbstractWater deficit is one of the major limiting factors for apple (Malus domestica) production on the Loess Plateau, a major apple cultivation area in China. The identification of genes related to the regulation of water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial aspect of crop breeding programs. As a conserved degradation and recycling mechanism in eukaryotes, autophagy has been reported to participate in various stress responses. However, the relationship between autophagy and WUE regulation has not been explored. We have shown that a crucial autophagy protein in apple, MdATG8i, plays a role in improving salt tolerance. Here, we explored its biological function in response to long-term moderate drought stress. The results showed that MdATG8i-overexpressing (MdATG8i-OE) apple plants exhibited higher WUE than wild-type (WT) plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. Plant WUE can be increased by improving photosynthetic efficiency. Osmoregulation plays a critical role in plant stress resistance and adaptation. Under long-term drought conditions, the photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of sugar and amino acids were higher in MdATG8i-OE plants than in WT plants. The increased photosynthetic capacity in the OE plants could be attributed to their ability to maintain optimal stomatal aperture, organized chloroplasts, and strong antioxidant activity. MdATG8i overexpression also promoted autophagic activity, which was likely related to the changes described above. In summary, our results demonstrate that MdATG8i-OE apple lines exhibited higher WUE than WT under long-term moderate drought conditions because they maintained robust photosynthesis, effective osmotic adjustment processes, and strong autophagic activity.

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Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)—Growth and Phytochemical Compound Secretion in Degraded Lands under Drought Stress

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2923

Author(s):

Botir Khaitov ◽

Munisa Urmonova ◽

Aziz Karimov ◽

Botirjon Sulaymonov ◽

Kholik Allanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Background Field ◽

Field Trials ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Relative Water ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Four Levels

Water deficiency restricts plant productivity, while excessive soil moisture may also have an adverse impact. In light of this background, field trials were conducted in secondary saline soil (EC 6.5 dS m−1) at the experimental station of Tashkent State Agrarian University (TSAU), Uzbekistan to determine drought tolerance of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) by exposure to four levels of water deficit, namely control (70–80%), moderate (50–60%), strong (30–40%) and intense (10–20%) relative water content (WC) in the soil. The moderate drought stress exhibited positive effects on the morphological and physiological parameters of licorice, and was considered to be the most suitable water regime for licorice cultivation. Plant growth under the 50–60% WC treatment was slightly higher as compared to 70–80% WC treatment, exhibiting weak water deficit promotes licorice growth, root yield and secondary metabolite production. In particular, secondary metabolites i.e., ash, glycyrrhizic acid, extractive compounds and flavonoids, tended to increase under moderate water deficit, however further drought intensification brought a sharp decline of these values. These results contribute to the development of licorice cultivation technologies in arid regions and the most important consideration is the restoration of ecological and economical functions of the dryland agricultural system.

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