scholarly journals The Comparison of Juvenile Hormone and Transcriptional Changes between Three Different Juvenile Hormone Analogs Insecticides on Honey Bee Worker Larval’s Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
Jie Luo ◽  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Jiangan Hou ◽  
Lichao Chen ◽  
Honghong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Hormone Analogs ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

Juvenile hormones (JHs) play a crucial role in the development of honey bee (Apis mellifera) worker larvae. Juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs), insecticides widely used in pest control, have been reported to affect the health and survival of honey bee worker larvae. However, the molecular mechanisms of JHAs in the honey bee remain unclear. In this study, we treated honey bee worker larvae with pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb, and methoprene, three different JHAs. We monitored the changes in the transcription of genes encoding major JH response enzymes (CYP15A1, CYP6AS5, JHAMT, and CHT1) using RT-qPCR and analyzed the transcriptome changes in worker larvae under JHA stress using RNA-seq. We found that the enrichment pathways differed among the treatment groups, but the classification of each pathway was generally the same, and fenoxycarb affected more genes and more pathways than did the other two JHAs. Notably, treatment with different JHAs in the honey bee changed the JH titers in the insect to various extents. These results represent the first assessment of the effects of three different JHAs on honey bee larvae and provide a new perspective and molecular basis for the research of JH regulation and JHA toxicity in the honey bee.

scholarly journals Juvenile hormone pathway in honey bee larvae: A source of possible signal molecules for the reproductive behavior of Varroa destructor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian M. Aurori ◽  
Alexandru‐Ioan Giurgiu ◽  
Benjamin H. Conlon ◽  
Chedly Kastally ◽  
Daniel S. Dezmirean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

Sex-specific developmental profiles of juvenile hormone synthesis in honey bee larvae

1993 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Hartfelder ◽  
Sibele Oliveira Tozetto ◽  
Anna Rachinsky
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Developmental Profiles ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

scholarly journals Lincomycin-Induced Transcriptional Alterations in the Green Alga Raphidocelis subcapitata

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8565
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yi Bai ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jiezhang Mo ◽  
Yulu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Coa Reductase

Lincomycin (LIN), as a waterborne contaminant, may pose a threat to algal health and may affect the provision of ecosystem services. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of lincomycin in algae are still unknown. Here, we attempted to use the transcriptome analysis to elucidate for the first time the potential impact of LIN at an environmentally relevant concentration on the algal growth, and verify the hypothesis that lincomycin can disrupt algal protein synthesis by combining with its subunits of ribosome at high-LIN level. In this study, 7-day growth inhibition tests and RNA-seq sequencing were conducted in Raphidocelis subcapitata (R. subcapitata) in response to a LIN at the concentrations of 0.5 µg L−1 (low), 5 µg L−1 (medium), and 400 µg L−1 (high) treatment groups. A negligible influence on algal growth and merely 21 (21 up- and 0 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was observed at low concentration of LIN, and medium groups showed a 13.4% inhibition and 92 (64 up- and 48 downregulated) DEGs, while high-LIN dosing caused 65.4% reduction in algal growth and 2514 (663 up- and 1851 downregulated) DEGs. In 0.5 and 5 µg L−1 groups, LIN upregulated the genes in the process of photosynthesis consisting of photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathways, suggesting that photosynthesis at low LIN exposure was more sensitive than algal growth. Whereas DEGs in the 400 µg L−1 group were mostly enriched in carbohydrate, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and nucleotide metabolism pathways. Furthermore, genes involved in detoxification processes were nearly downregulated in high-LIN group. In addition, genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes in the peroxisome pathway such as superoxide dismutase (sod2), peroxin-2 (pex2), 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase ((3E)-enoyl-CoA-producing) (decr2) were upregulated, which are responsible for deleting extra intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by LIN to protect algal health, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. Taken together, this is the first meticulous study unraveling the molecular mechanism of antibiotics in algae.

Identification and Treatment of European Foulbrood in Honey Bee Colonies

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Mueller ◽  
Cameron Jack ◽  
Ashley N. Mortensen ◽  
Jamie D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
European Foulbrood ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

European foulbrood is a bacterial disease that affects Western honey bee larvae. It is a concern to beekeepers everywhere, though it is less serious than American foulbrood because it does not form spores, which means that it can be treated. This 7-page fact sheet written by Catherine M. Mueller, Cameron J. Jack, Ashley N. Mortensen, and Jamie Ellis and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department describes the disease and explains how to identify it to help beekeepers manage their colonies effectively and prevent the spread of both American and European foulbrood.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1272

scholarly journals Mapping chromatin accessibility and active regulatory elements reveals pathological mechanisms in human gliomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Stępniak ◽  
Magdalena A. Machnicka ◽  
Jakub Mieczkowski ◽  
Anna Macioszek ◽  
Bartosz Wojtaś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Methylation Patterns

AbstractChromatin structure and accessibility, and combinatorial binding of transcription factors to regulatory elements in genomic DNA control transcription. Genetic variations in genes encoding histones, epigenetics-related enzymes or modifiers affect chromatin structure/dynamics and result in alterations in gene expression contributing to cancer development or progression. Gliomas are brain tumors frequently associated with epigenetics-related gene deregulation. We perform whole-genome mapping of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation patterns and transcriptome analysis simultaneously in multiple tumor samples to unravel epigenetic dysfunctions driving gliomagenesis. Based on the results of the integrative analysis of the acquired profiles, we create an atlas of active enhancers and promoters in benign and malignant gliomas. We explore these elements and intersect with Hi-C data to uncover molecular mechanisms instructing gene expression in gliomas.

scholarly journals Genes encoding putative bicarbonate transporters as a missing molecular link between molt and mineralization in crustaceans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Abehsera ◽  
Shmuel Bentov ◽  
Xuguang Li ◽  
Simy Weil ◽  
Rivka Manor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Functional Genomic ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Molt Cycle ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Bicarbonate Transporters ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractDuring their life, crustaceans undergo several molts, which if theoretically compared to the human body would be equivalent to replacing all bones at a single event. Such a dramatic repetitive event is coupled to unique molecular mechanisms of mineralization so far mostly unknown. Unlike human bone mineralized with calcium phosphate, the crustacean exoskeleton is mineralized mainly by calcium carbonate. Crustacean growth thus necessitates well-timed mobilization of bicarbonate to specific extracellular sites of biomineralization at distinct molt cycle stages. Here, by looking at the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus at different molting stages, we suggest that the mechanisms of bicarbonate ion transport for mineralization in crustaceans involve the SLC4 family of transporters and that these proteins play a key role in the tight coupling between molt cycle events and mineral deposition. This discovery of putative bicarbonate transporters in a pancrustacean with functional genomic evidence from genes encoding the SLC4 family—mostly known for their role in pH control—is discussed in the context of the evolution of calcium carbonate biomineralization.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Joon-Yung Cha ◽  
Sang-Ho Kang ◽  
Myung Geun Ji ◽  
Gyeong-Im Shin ◽  
Song Yi Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genes Encoding

Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.

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