scholarly journals Cultivation of Edible Tropical Bolete, Phlebopus spongiosus, in Thailand and Yield Improvement by High-Voltage Pulsed Stimulation

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jaturong Kumla ◽  
Nakarin Suwannarach ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Formation Number ◽  
Cultivation Substrate ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Tropical bolete, Phlebopus spongiosus, is an edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom indigenous to northern Thailand. This mushroom has the ability to produce fruiting bodies without the need for a host plant. In this study, the technological cultivation of P. spongiosus was developed. Cultivation experiments indicated that fungal mycelia could completely colonize the cultivation substrate over a period of 85–90 days following inoculation of liquid inoculum. Primordia were induced under lower temperatures, high humidity and a 12-h photoperiod. Mature fruiting bodies were developed from young fruiting bodies within a period of one week. Consequently, yield improvement of P. spongiosus cultivation was determined by high-voltage pulsed stimulation. The results indicated that the highest degree of primordial formation, number of mature fruiting bodies and total weight values were obtained in cultivation experiments involving a high voltage of 40 kV. The total weight of the mushrooms increased by 1.4 times after applying high-voltage pulses when compared with the control. Additionally, the results revealed that the size of the fruiting body and the proximate composition of the fruiting bodies from high-voltage stimulation treatments were not different from the control. This research provides valuable information concerning successful cultivation techniques and yield improvement by high-voltage pulsed stimulation for the large-scale commercial fruiting body production of P. spongiosus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional and Medicinal Values of Edible Wild and Cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2054
Author(s):  
Sanem Bulam ◽  
Nebahat Şule Üstün ◽  
Aysun Pekşen
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Mycelial Biomass ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Because of its high nutritional value and pharmaceutical effects, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) is collected from nature and cultivated in large scale. This therapeutic mushroom is consumed as a functional food or food additive in soups, cereal and dairy products, and commercially used in nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. The mycochemicals including polysaccharides (crude fiber and β-glucans), essential amino acids, ergothioneine, peptides, (glyco)proteins, lectins, phenolic compounds, polyketides (lovastatin), (tri)terpenoids, and enzymes are naturally found in the fruiting bodies and mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus. The major bioactive compounds concentration of this mushroom may be increased by modification of the substrate composition and cultivation or postharvest conditions. The goal of this review is to evaluate the results of the studies about the biochemical composition and medicinal properties of edible wild and cultivated P. ostreatus. Furthermore, the advanced novel cultivation techniques, biotechnological processes, and postharvest treatments were given in order to increase its nutritional and nutraceutical values.

scholarly journals Cmfhp Gene Mediates Fruiting Body Development and Carotenoid Production in Cordyceps militaris

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Wei Lou ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Bai-Xiong Chen ◽  
Ying-Hao Yu ◽  
Hong-Biao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Developmental Mechanism ◽  
Targeted Gene Deletion ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Gene Expression Cassette ◽  
Body Production

Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies contain a variety of bioactive components that are beneficial to the human body. However, the low yield of fruiting bodies and the low carotenoid content in C. militaris have seriously hindered the development of the C. militaris industry. To elucidate the developmental mechanism of the fruiting bodies of C. militaris and the biosynthesis mechanism of carotenoids, the function of the flavohemoprotein-like Cmfhp gene of C. militaris was identified for the first time. The Cmfhp gene was knocked out by the split-marker method, and the targeted gene deletion mutant ΔCmfhp was obtained. An increased nitric oxide (NO) content, no fruiting body production, decreased carotenoid content, and reduced conidial production were found in the mutant ΔCmfhp. These characteristics were restored when the Cmfhp gene expression cassette was complemented into the ΔCmfhp strain by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. Nonetheless, the Cmfhp gene had no significant effect on the mycelial growth rate of C. militaris. These results indicated that the Cmfhp gene regulated the biosynthesis of NO and carotenoids, the development of fruiting bodies, and the formation of conidia. These findings potentially pave the way to reveal the developmental mechanism of fruiting bodies and the biosynthesis mechanism of carotenoids in C. militaris.

Parameters of the Plasma of a Large-Scale High-Voltage Discharge in Air at Reduced Pressures

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Strikovskiy ◽  
S. V. Korobkov ◽  
M. E. Gushchin ◽  
A. A. Evtushenko ◽  
I. Yu. Zudin
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Voltage Discharge ◽  
Reduced Pressures

scholarly journals Analysis of Subsynchronous Torsional of Wind–Thermal Bundled System Transmitted via HVDC Based on Signal Injection Method

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Junxi Wang ◽  
Qi Jia ◽  
Gangui Yan ◽  
Kan Liu ◽  
Dan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electromagnetic Transients ◽  
Torsional Mode ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Signal Injection

With the development of large-scale new energy, the wind–thermal bundled system transmitted via high-voltage direct current (HVDC) has become the main method to solve the problem of wind power consumption. At the same time, the problem of subsynchronous oscillation among wind power generators, high-voltage direct current (HVDC), and synchronous generators (SGs) has become increasingly prominent. According to the dynamic interaction among doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), HVDC, and SGs, a linearization model of DFIGs and SGs transmitted via HVDC is established, and the influence of the electromagnetic transient of wind turbines and HVDC on the electromechanical transient processes of SGs is studied. Using the method of additional excitation signal injection, the influence of the main factors of DFIG on the damping characteristics of each torsional mode of SG is analyzed, including control parameters and operation conditions when the capacity of HVDC is fixed. The mechanism of the negative damping torsional of SGs is identified. A time-domain simulation model is built in Electromagnetic Transients including DC/Power Systems Computer Aided Design (EMTDC/PSCAD) to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.

Large-Scale Production of Flexible, High-Voltage Hydroelectric Films Based on Solid Oxides

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (34) ◽  
pp. 30927-30935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxiang Shao ◽  
Bingxue Ji ◽  
Tong Xu ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Xue Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Solid Oxides ◽  
Large Scale Production

Electrical properties of the slime mould grex

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322
Author(s):  
D. R. Garrod ◽  
J. F. Palmer ◽  
L. Wolpert
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Electrophysiological Investigation ◽  
Slime Mould ◽  
Cellular Pattern ◽  
Electric Potentials

An electrophysiological investigation of the migrating grex of the slime mould, Dictyostelium discoideum, has been carried out with two aims in view. It was hoped to obtain information which would be relevant to, first, the formation and regulation of cellular pattern in the grex, and secondly, the problem of grex movement. During migration the grex develops a simple, linear cellular pattern. The cells at the front become the so-called ‘prestalk’ cells which will form the stalk of the fruiting body while those at the back become ‘prespore’ cells and form spores at culmination (Raper, 1940; Bonner, 1944; Bonner & Slifkin, 1949). Moreover, this cellular pattern is capable of polarized regulation. Raper (1940) has shown that portions isolated from the front or back of the grex are capable of forming normally proportioned fruiting bodies. A number of workers have suggested that bio-electric potentials may be involved in regulation of linear cellular pattern.

The signal from fruiting body and conus tips of Dictyostelium discoideum

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Beef Heart ◽  
Fruiting Bodies

Tips from fruiting bodies and conuses were transplanted into interphase fields of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. Progressively increasing concentrations of beef-heart phosphodiesterase added to the fields significantly decreased the chemotactic range of the responding amoebae. The findings suggest that the tip secretes c-AMP. We also find that the chemotactic range is independent of the size of the tip implying that the tip may produce a regulating gradient.

scholarly journals Lessons on fruiting body morphogenesis from genomes and transcriptomes of Agaricomycetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo G Nagy ◽  
Peter Jan Vonk ◽  
Markus Kunzler ◽  
Csenge Foldi ◽  
Mate Viragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

Fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are among the most complex structures produced by fungi. Unlike vegetative hyphae, fruiting bodies grow determinately and follow a genetically encoded developmental program that orchestrates tissue differentiation, growth and sexual sporulation. In spite of more than a century of research, our understanding of the molecular details of fruiting body morphogenesis is limited and a general synthesis on the genetics of this complex process is lacking. In this paper, we aim to comprehensively identify conserved genes related to fruiting body morphogenesis and distill novel functional hypotheses for functionally poorly characterized genes. As a result of this analysis, we report 921 conserved developmentally expressed gene families, only a few dozens of which have previously been reported in fruiting body development. Based on literature data, conserved expression patterns and functional annotations, we provide informed hypotheses on the potential role of these gene families in fruiting body development, yielding the most complete description of molecular processes in fruiting body morphogenesis to date. We discuss genes related to the initiation of fruiting, differentiation, growth, cell surface and cell wall, defense, transcriptional regulation as well as signal transduction. Based on these data we derive a general model of fruiting body development, which includes an early, proliferative phase that is mostly concerned with laying out the mushroom body plan (via cell division and differentiation), and a second phase of growth via cell expansion as well as meiotic events and sporulation. Altogether, our discussions cover 1480 genes of Coprinopsis cinerea, and their orthologs in Agaricus bisporus, Cyclocybe aegerita, Armillaria ostoyae, Auriculariopsis ampla, Laccaria bicolor, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus tigrinus, Mycena kentingensis, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Schizophyllum commune, providing functional hypotheses for ~10% of genes in the genomes of these species. Although experimental evidence for the role of these genes will need to be established in the future, our data provide a roadmap for guiding functional analyses of fruiting related genes in the Agaricomycetes. We anticipate that the gene compendium presented here, combined with developments in functional genomics approaches will contribute to uncovering the genetic bases of one of the most spectacular multicellular developmental processes in fungi. Key words: functional annotation; comparative genomics; cell wall remodeling; development; fruiting body morphogenesis; mushroom; transcriptome

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