scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Biochar Stability Using Multiple Indicators

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Jindo ◽  
Tomonori Sonoki
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Incubation Method

Biochar application is one strategy proposed to improve carbon sequestration in soil. Maintaining high carbon content in soil for a long period requires stable biochar. In this work, we assessed biochar stability by two methodologies, i.e., laboratory incubation and chemical oxidation. Biochar was produced at four different temperatures (400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C) from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and husk, applewood branch (Malus pumila), and oak (Quercus serrata Murray) residues. Results showed that the high-temperature biochars were more stable in both abiotic and biotic incubations, whereas the low-temperature biochars had reduced longevity. In addition, we showed biochars originated from woody material have higher stable carbon than those produced from rice residues. Finally, the oxidative assessment method provided a more reliable estimation of stability than the biotic incubation method and showed a strong correlation with other stability indicators.

ALGOMA AR225

Alloy Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content

Abstract Algoma AR225 is a carbon steel developed primarily to supply a low-cost material for high-abrasion applications. It is furnished in the form of as-rolled plate with a relatively high carbon content (0.35-0.45%). AR-225 is sold on the basis of chemical analysis only; the number 225 signifies the approximate Brinell hardness. On thicknesses one-half inch and over, this Brinell value may be lower than 225 because of higher finishing temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-138. Producer or source: Algoma Steel Corporation Ltd.

Polyimide as carbon and ceramic polysilazane precursors to obtain high carbon content ceramic for high-temperature applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André V. B. Andrade ◽  
Luiz F. Belchior Ribeiro ◽  
Emanoelle Diz Acosta ◽  
Fernando J. Da Costa ◽  
Maíra D. Mallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Temperature Applications

Effects of Carbon Concentration Upon Oxygen Precipitation in Cz Si

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hahn ◽  
M. Arst ◽  
K. N. Ritz ◽  
S. Shatas ◽  
H. J. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Oxygen Precipitation ◽  
Oxygen Precipitate ◽  
High Carbon Concentration ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
C Complex ◽  
Oxide Precipitate

ABSTRACTEffects of high carbon concentration upon oxygen precipitate formation in Cz silicon have been investigated by combining various furnace and rapid thermal annneals. Even though oxide precipitate density increases with increasing carbon levels, Cs, synchrotron radiation section topographs of processed high carbon content wafers (Cs ∼ 4ppma) exhibit Pendellosung fringes, indicating a strain free bulk state. Our optical microscopic data have also shown very few defect etch features inside the bulk. A model based upon a direct coupling of both SiO2 and Si-C complex formation reactions is used to explain rather unique oxygen precipitation characteristics in the high carbon content Cz Si materials.

Synthesis of high carbon content microspheres using 2-step microwave carbonization, and the influence of nitrogen doping on catalytic activity

Carbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alum Jung ◽  
Suenghoon Han ◽  
Teawon Kim ◽  
Won Joon Cho ◽  
Kun-Hong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Doping ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content

Failure Investigation of 1st Stage Buckets From Frame 3002, 10 MW Gas Turbine Unit

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish M. Shejale ◽  
David Ross
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Metallurgical Investigation ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Surface Failure ◽  
Grain Boundary Embrittlement ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The 1st stage buckets in Frame 3002, 10 MW industrial gas turbine experienced premature failures. The buckets failed unexpectedly much earlier than the designed bucket life. Bucket material is Inconel 738, with platinum-aluminized coating on the surface. Failure investigation of the buckets was performed to know the root cause of the failure. The failure investigation primarily comprised of metallurgical investigation. The results of the metallurgical investigation were co-related with the unit operational history. This paper provides an overview of 1st stage buckets investigation. The metallurgical investigation performed concluded prime failure mechanism due to high carbon content of bucket material and improper heat treatment. The bucket coating was initially damaged during the first loading and fracture occurred due to grain boundary embrittlement in short span of service. The metallurgical tests performed included Visual inspection, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDS), Chemical analysis, Tensile test and Hardness survey. The test results, discussions and conclusions are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Subsea cable key challenges of an intercontinental power link: case study of Australia–Singapore interconnector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Gordonnat ◽  
James Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Demand ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

AbstractThe high potential for renewable energy generation in Australia, in particular solar and wind, and the high carbon content of Southeast Asian electricity and projected demand growth create favourable conditions for a HVDC power link between Australian and Southeast Asia. Such an interconnector would link predominantly solar farms located in northern Australia, known for its highest insolation levels in the world, to Singapore given its central location within Southeast Asia, high reliance on natural gas for its power generation, high demand growth and limited renewable potential and land surface. The current paper presents a holistic view of the key challenges of an Australia–Singapore power link related to its length, in the order of 3200 km, the water depth of sections crossing the Timor Trough and Indonesian waters, up to 1900 m, and the manufacturing and logistic issues of extensive length of cable to be deployed in a part of the world distant from the main manufacturing facilities. This very ambitious project will require a unique integrated contracting strategy involving multiple HVDC cable suppliers, marine heavy transport companies and cable installation contractors to effectively deliver this project within a sensible timeframe.

Assessment of the Fitness for Service of the Flamanville EPR Reactor Pressure Vessel Closure Head and Bottom Head Domes Containing a Segregation Zone Characterized by a High Carbon Content

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Delvallée-Nunio ◽  
Olivier Loiseau ◽  
Daniel Monhardt ◽  
Audrey Buiron ◽  
Franck Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Charpy Impact Energy ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Segregation Zone ◽  
Positive Segregation

To complete the manufacturing process qualification of the closure head and bottom head domes of the Flamanville EPR RPV in 16MND5 ferritic steel (similar to A508 cl3), AREVA NP performed in 2014 material testing on a sacrificial dome so-called UA Sup. These tests revealed that the Charpy impact energy at 0°C — in the positive segregation zone at ¼ thickness — was lower than 60 J, the minimum value required by the French regulation. Thereafter, this result was explained by the high carbon content close to 0.3 % — against 0.18 % in the ladle — due to the forging process. The positive segregation was insufficiently eliminated to avoid high carbon content in certain location. As the level of Charpy impact energy is an indicator of the level of fracture toughness, a thorough material characterization of the segregation zone, as well as a brittle fracture analysis have been proposed and carried out by AREVA NP to demonstrate that the Flamanville EPR RPV domes are tough enough for a safe operation. The principles of the demonstration approach were reviewed by ASN and IRSN in 2015 and the final safety case was submitted to the ASN and IRSN review in December 2016. The latter led to the conclusion that, even if the segregation zone fracture toughness is lowered in comparison to that of the acceptance test zone, this does not put into question the Flamanville EPR RPV fitness for service as long as adequate in-service inspection of the domes is periodically performed. This paper aims at presenting the key elements of the IRSN assessment from part of which this conclusion was drawn, namely the material testing program, the description of the loadings in normal and accidental conditions, and the brittle fracture analysis.

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