scholarly journals Bioenergy from Periodically Waterlogged Cropland in Europe: A First Assessment of the Potential of Five Perennial Energy Crops to Provide Biomass and Their Interactions with Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruf ◽  
Audu ◽  
Holzhauser ◽  
Emmerling
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Waterlogged Soil ◽  
Waterlogged Soils ◽  
Perennial Energy Crops

Harvesting of silage maize in late autumn on waterlogged soils may result in several ecological problems such as soil compaction and may subsequently be a major threat to soil fertility in Europe. It was hypothesized that perennial energy crops might reduce the vulnerability for soil compaction through earlier harvest dates and improved soil stability. However, the performance of such crops to be grown on soil that are periodically waterlogged and implications for soil chemical and microbial properties are currently an open issue. Within the framework of a two-year pot experiment we investigated the potential of the cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), giant knotweed (Fallopia japonicum × bohemica), tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum), and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) for cultivation under periodically waterlogged soil conditions during the winter half year and implications for soil chemical and biological properties. Examined perennial energy crops coped with periodical waterlogging and showed yields 50% to 150% higher than in the control which was never faced with waterlogging. Root formation was similar in waterlogged and non-waterlogged soil layers. Soil chemical and microbial properties clearly responded to different soil moisture treatments. For example, dehydrogenase activity was two to four times higher in the periodically waterlogged treatment compared to the control. Despite waterlogging, aerobic microbial activity was significantly elevated indicating morphological and metabolic adaptation of the perennial crops to withstand waterlogged conditions. Thus, our results reveal first evidence of a site-adapted biomass production on periodical waterlogged soils through the cultivation of perennial energy crops and for intense plant microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Can mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy evaluate soil conditions by predicting soil biological properties?

Soil Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100008
Author(s):  
Debabrata Nath ◽  
Ranjan Laik ◽  
Vijay Singh Meena ◽  
Biswajit Pramanick ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Soil Biological Properties

scholarly journals Evaluation of Leaf Litter Mulching and Incorporation on Skid Trails for the Recovery of Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties of Mixed Broadleaved Forests

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Azadeh Khoramizadeh ◽  
Angela Lo Monaco ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
Francesco Latterini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Forest Logging ◽  
Soil Recovery

Engineering applications can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of soil compaction and amend compacted soils. Previous literature has highlighted the beneficial effects of interventions such as litter mulching and incorporation on skid trails. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these alternatives in restoring forest soil quality after forest logging. The objective of this study was to properly elucidate the effects of the above mentioned soil protection methods, litter incorporation before skidding (LI) and litter mulching after skidding (LM), on the recovery of compacted soil’s physico-chemical and biological properties on skid trails over a 2-year period in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran to identify the best option for restoration intervention. The litter used in both methods consisted of dried leaves of the hornbeam and maple tree in three intensities of 3, 6, and 9 Mg ha−1. The results showed that the application of both methods (LI and LM) significantly improved the soil properties when compared to the untreated skid trail. Results showed that the recovery values of soil properties in the LI treatments were significantly higher than those of the LM. The recovery values of soil properties by 6 and 9 Mg ha−1 were significantly higher than those of 3 Mg ha−1, while the differences were not significant between 6 and 9 Mg ha−1. Our findings showed that soil properties were partially recovered (70–80%) over a 2-year period from treatment, compared to untreated, but the full recovery of soil properties required more time to return to the pre-harvest value. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the application of soil protection methods accelerates the process of recovering soil properties much faster than natural soil recovery, which can take more than 20 years in these forests.

The Molecular Diversity Scope of Oxindole derivatives in Organic Synthesis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani ◽  
Fatemeh Javadi ◽  
Fatemeh Mohajer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Anti Cancer

: The role of oxindole derivatives is discussed as starting materials in diverse organic reactions including two and more components between the years 2014 until 2020. Oxindoles are famous because of their biological properties for instance chromanone-fused polycyclic pyrrolidinyl-dispirooxindoles, functionalized polycyclic spiro-fused carbocyclicoxindole, and 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles have anti-cancer, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial properties, respectively. Therefore, various methods for synthesizing the oxindole structures have received more attention in organic chemistry.

scholarly journals Agrophysical and Biological Properties of Drainage Soils in Land Reclamation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Mitrofanov ◽  
G. Yu. Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Technique Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Fixers ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Land Improvement ◽  
Russian Research

This paper presents the results of the research carried out in the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands. It has been established that land improvement techniques increased the integral index of physical soil conditions from 0.41-0.60 to 0.80-0.86. The soil demonstrated a greater total number of microorganisms, as well as certain physiological groups such as actinomycetes, autochthonous and especially nitrogen-fixers; but the number of fungi and denitrifiers, as well as the fungi causing the Fusarium wilt of the plants, decreased.Average crops increase achieved with the help of deep reclaiming band tillage of drained gleyish soil to depth 50-60 cm was 9.0-24.1% in both wet and dry years. This land improvement technique effect lasts for two-three years or longer. The ridged plowing compared to the ordinary plowing raised the spring crops by 0.55-0.61 ton/ha (by 16.9-17.5%) without making any additional expenditures.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Perennial Energy Crops and Arable Crops on Earthworm Populations

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Radzikowski ◽  
Stalenga ◽  
Matyka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Perennial Energy Crops

The purpose of the study was to compare earthworm communities under winter wheat in different crop production systems on arable land—organic (ORG), integrated (INT), conventional (CON), monoculture (MON)—and under perennial crops cultivated for energy purposes—willow (WIL), Virginia mallow (VIR), and miscanthus (MIS). Earthworm abundance, biomass, and species composition were assessed each spring and autumn in the years 2014–2016 using the method of soil blocks. The mean species number of earthworms was ordered in the following way: ORG > VIR > WIL > CON > INT > MIS > MON. Mean abundance of earthworms decreased in the following order: ORG > WIL > CON > VIR > INT > MIS > MON. There were significantly more species under winter wheat cultivated organically than under the integrated system (p = 0.045), miscanthus (p = 0.039), and wheat monoculture (p = 0.002). Earthworm abundance was significantly higher in the organic system compared to wheat monoculture (p = 0.001) and to miscanthus (p = 0.008). Among the tested energy crops, Virginia mallow created the best habitat for species richness and biomass due to the high amount of crop residues suitable for earthworms and was similar to the organic system. Differences in the composition of earthworm species in the soil under the compared agricultural systems were proven. Energy crops, except miscanthus, have been found to increase earthworm diversity, as they are good crops for landscape diversification.

REGRESSION ANALYSES OF GRAIN YIELD OF CORN, LEVEL OF LEAF N P K AND SOIL CONDITIONS IN A LONG-TIME ROTATION EXPERIMENT ON BROOKSTON CLAY

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. DIRKS ◽  
E. F. BOLTON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Soil Measurements ◽  
Leaf N

Regression and covariance analysis of a 13-yr rotation experiment of corn on Brookston clay soil showed that grain yield of corn could be related to each of nine other plant and soil measurements. Soil compaction as measured by bulk density was negatively associated with the level of leaf K in the plants, as well as available soil moisture. The major part of the yield difference between fertilized continuous corn and fertilized corn following alfalfa could be accounted for by multiple regression of grain yield on leaf N and K nutrient levels, soil compaction and soil moisture. Soil compaction was not affected or modified by fertilizer treatment. Response of corn grain yield to soil conditions, moisture and plant nutrient level appears to vary with rotation and fertilizer input.

scholarly journals Influence of soil fertility on waterlogging tolerance of two Brachiaria grasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan De la Cruz Jiménez ◽  
Juan Andrés Cardoso ◽  
David Arango-Londoño ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Idupulapati Rao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogged Soil ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
The Tropics

As a consequence of global warming, rainfall is expected to increase in several regions around the world. This, together with poor soil drainage, will result in waterlogged soil conditions. <em>Brachiaria</em> grasses are widely sown in the tropics and, these grasses confront seasonal waterlogged conditions. Several studies have indicated that an increase in nutrient availability could reduce the negative impact of waterlogging. Therefore, an outdoor study was conducted to evaluate the responses of two <em>Brachiaria</em> sp. grasses with contrasting tolerances to waterlogging, <em>B. ruziziensis </em>(sensitive) and <em>B. humidicola</em> (tolerant), with two soil fertility levels. The genotypes were grown with two different soil fertilization levels (high and low) and under well-drained or waterlogged soil conditions for 15 days. The biomass production, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) contents in the shoot tissue were determined. Significant differences in the nutrient content of the genotypes and treatments were found. An increase of redoximorphic elements (Fe and Mn) in the soil solution occurred with the waterlogging. The greater tolerance of <em>B. humidicola</em> to waterlogged conditions might be due to an efficient root system that is able to acquire nutrients (N, P, K) and potentially exclude phytotoxic elements (Fe and Mn) under waterlogged conditions.  A high nutrient availability in the waterlogged soils did not result in an improved tolerance for <em>B. ruziziensis</em>. The greater growth impairment seen in the <em>B. ruziziensis</em> with high soil fertility and waterlogging (as opposed to low soil fertility and waterlogging) was possibly due to an increased concentration of redoximorphic elements under these conditions.

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