scholarly journals Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Novel Respirovirus in Alpine Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Camilla Luzzago ◽  
Erika Ebranati ◽  
Antonio Lavazza ◽  
Martina Besozzi ◽  
Gianguglielmo Zehender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Species Demarcation Criterion ◽  
Demarcation Criterion ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Alpine Chamois

The Respirovirus genus, family Paramamixoviridae, includes respiratory viral pathogens. Here we report the identification and genetic characterization of a respirovirus in an Alpine chamois showing interstitial pneumonia associated with catarrhal bronchopneumonia. The full-genome characterization of this respirovirus, named ChamoisRV/IT2014, revealed low similarities to caprine respirovirus (77.1%), bovine respirovirus (74.5%) and human respirovirus (72.0%). The phylogenetic analyses based on the full-length genome sequence of the novel isolate and reference respirovirus strains showed that ChamoisRV/IT2014 clustered with caprine respirovirus but formed a separate branch. The phylogenetic tree topology of complete large protein amino acid sequences, representing the current species demarcation criterion for Respirovirus genus, showed a 0.05 branch length of ChamoisRV/IT2014 sequence between the nearest node and the tip of the branch, suggesting that this virus belongs to a novel species. This new isolate in a new host species raises several questions to be addressed on the epidemiological role of chamois and the risks of cross-transmission between wild ruminants and livestock.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Two Mitochondrial Gene Sequences of Strobilocercus Fasciolaris in the Livers of Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Heilongjiang Province in Northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengnian Zhao ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Yanchen Wu ◽  
Kexin Zhou ◽  
Aiqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Gene Sequences

Rodents constitute the largest and most successful group of mammals worldwide. Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are one of the most common rodent species, and they serve as intermediate hosts of Hydatigera taeniaeformis. Although there have been a few studies reporting on the presence of the larval form of H. taeniaeformis (strobilocercus fasciolaris) in brown rats worldwide, little information is available on the genetic characterization of this parasite, with no molecular data from China. Therefore, from April 2014 to March 2016, this study was carried out to understand the prevalence and genetic characters of strobilocercus fasciolaris in brown rats captured in Heilongjiang Province in northeastern China. The livers of brown rats were collected and examined for the presence of cysts. Each cyst was identified based on morphological observation: the larvae with the naked eye and the scolexes under a microscope. The results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4) genes. At the investigated sites, 11.8% (13/110) of the brown rats were infected with strobilocercus fasciolaris. Based on sequence analysis, there were 10 and six haplotypes regarding the cox1 and the nad4 loci, with 24 and 42 polymorphic sites, respectively (degree of intraspecific variation: 0.3%–4.4% and 0.6%–4.7%, respectively). Twelve nucleotide sequences (six of the 10 at the cox1 locus and all six at the nad4 locus) have not previously been described. Base differences in three of the six novel cox1 gene sequences and five of the six novel nad4 gene sequences caused amino acid changes. Phylogenetic analyses of the cox1 and nad4 gene sequences based on neighbor-joining and Bayesian inference trees indicated that all the strobilocercus fasciolaris isolates belonged to Hydatigera taeniaeformis sensu stricto (s.s.). This is the first report on the genetic characterization of strobilocercus fasciolaris in brown rats in China. The findings of novel cox1 and nad4 nucleotide and amino acid sequences may reflect the region-specific genetic characterization of the parasite. The data will be useful to explore the biological and epidemiological significance of the intraspecific variation within H. taeniaeformis s.s.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus distantly related to the marine mammal-infecting aquamaviruses in a long-distance migrant bird species, European roller (Coracias garrulus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Boros ◽  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
Orsolya Kiss ◽  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Beatrix Kapusinszky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Coracias Garrulus ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
European Roller ◽  
Migrant Bird

Despite the continuously growing number of known avian picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae), knowledge of their genetic diversity in wild birds, especially in long-distance migrant species is very limited. In this study, we report the presence of a novel picornavirus identified from one of 18 analysed faecal samples of an Afro-Palearctic migrant bird, the European roller (Coracias garrulus L., 1758), which is distantly related to the marine-mammal-infecting seal aquamavirus A1 (genus Aquamavirus). The phylogenetic analyses and the low sequence identity (P1 26.3 %, P2 25.8 % and P3 28.4 %) suggest that this picornavirus could be the founding member of a novel picornavirus genus that we have provisionally named ‘Kunsagivirus’, with ‘Greplavirus A’ (strain roller/SZAL6-KuV/2011/HUN, GenBank accession no. KC935379) as the candidate type species.

scholarly journals Characterization of Immune System Cell Subsets in Fixed Tissues from Alpine Chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra )

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Salvadori ◽  
J. Finlayson ◽  
T. Trogu ◽  
N. Formenti ◽  
P. Lanfranchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Immune System Cell ◽  
System Cell ◽  
Alpine Chamois

scholarly journals Biological and Molecular Characterization of an American Sugar Beet-Infecting Beet western yellows virus Isolate

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Beuve ◽  
Mark Stevens ◽  
Hsing-Yeh Liu ◽  
William M. Wintermantel ◽  
Sébastien Hauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Turnip Yellows Virus

Three aphid-transmitted viruses belonging to the Polerovirus genus, Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), Beet chlorosis virus (BChV), and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), have been described as pathogens of sugar beet. We present the complete biological, serological, and molecular characterization of an American isolate of Beet western yellows virus (BWYV-USA), collected from yellow beet leaves. The biological data suggested that BWYV-USA displayed a host range similar to that of BMYV, but distinct from those of BChV and the lettuce and rape isolates of Turnip yellows virus. The complete genomic RNA sequence of BWYV-USA showed a genetic organization and expression typical of other Polerovirus members. Comparisons of deduced amino acid sequences showed that P0 and the putative replicase complex (P1-P2) of BWYV-USA are more closely related to Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) than to BMYV, whereas alignments of P3, P4, and P5 showed the highest homology with BMYV. Intraspecific and interspecific phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the BWYV-USA genome may be the result of recombination events between a CABYV-like ancestor contributing open reading frame (ORF) 0, ORF 1, and ORF 2, and a beet Polerovirus progenitor providing the 3′ ORFs, with a similar mechanism of speciation occurring for BMYV in Europe. Results demonstrate that BWYV-USA is a distinct species in the Polerovirus genus, clarifying the nomenclature of this important group of viruses.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus Strains from Tilapia Aquaculture in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
pp. 4890-4895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid H. Mahmud ◽  
Anita C. Wright ◽  
Shankar C. Mandal ◽  
Jianli Dai ◽  
Melissa K. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of Vibrio vulnificus wound infections in Israel were previously attributed to tilapia aquaculture. In this study, V. vulnificus was frequently isolated from coastal but not freshwater aquaculture in Bangladesh. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strains from Bangladesh differed remarkably from isolates commonly recovered elsewhere from fish or oysters and were more closely related to strains of clinical origin.

scholarly journals Biological Behavior and Partial Molecular Characterization of Six Chilean Isolates of Plum pox virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Reyes ◽  
N. Fiore ◽  
M. A. Reyes ◽  
P. Sepúlveda ◽  
V. Paredes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Replicase Gene ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Nontranslated Region

Plum pox virus (PPV) strain D was first detected in Chile in 1992 infecting Prunus trees including peaches, nectarines, apricots, and plums. Since then, quarantine efforts have included periodic surveys in the central zone of the country, the main region for stone fruit production. This work describes the characterization of six PPV isolates from this area of Chile, using biological and molecular approaches. PPV isolates were introduced into Prunus tomentosa and Nicotiana benthamiana hosts by grafting and mechanical inoculation, respectively. Symptoms were evaluated by following the appearance of circular necrotic spots and mosaic in leaves of P. tomentosa and mosaic and some leaf deformation in N. benthamiana. Molecular analysis was carried out using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, allowing the cloning and sequencing of 1.34-kb fragments corresponding to the 3' region of the replicase gene, the complete coat protein (CP) gene, and the 3' nontranslated region of the PPV genome. Evolutionary distance analysis of these nucleotide sequences and their deduced coat protein amino acid sequences grouped the six Chilean isolates among strain D isolates, with closest genetic distances to those of Central Germany and Poland. Representative sources of these isolates suggest that strain D could be the only type of PPV currently present in Chile.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of a Novel Iflavirus in Brown-Spotted Pitvipers (Protobothrops Mucrosquamatus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhige Tian ◽  
Ying Deng ◽  
Hongzhi Cao ◽  
Miaomiao Zheng ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Rdrp Domain

Abstract Background: Iflaviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, positive-stranded RNA genomes, which are identified in arthropod hosts, primarily infecting insect species. Herein, we firstly identify the sequence of an iflavirus (YB-PMP20) found in brown-spotted pitvipers in China. Results: The sequence of YB-PMP20 showed high identity to the sequences of Hubei picorna-like virus (HUPV) (99.2% in nt), Vespa velutina-associated iflavirus like virus (VVAIV) (58.6% in nt) and Lygus lineolaris virus (LyIV-1) (46.6% in nt) in nucleotides encoding polyproteins. It contained a single large ORF (304–9291 nt) encoding 2996 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences were compared with those of iflavirus. Helicase, protease and the RdRp domain were found to be located at the 3´ end, and structural genes (VP1, VP2 and VP3) were found to be located at the 5´ end. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that YB-PMP20 belongs to the iflavirus cluster, and is similar to HUPV, LyIV-1 and VVAIV. Conclusion: The present study described the genetic characterization of a PmIFV strain in brown-spotted pitvipers. Our genomic data extend knowledge of the diversity of viruses in snakes.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of rabies virus isolated from bovines and equines between 2007 and 2008, in the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Isabel Macedo ◽  
Pedro Carnieli Junior ◽  
Willian de Oliveira Fahl ◽  
Jonas Yoshitaka de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Rafael de Novaes Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
São Paulo

INTRODUCTION: Rabies is an acute disease of the central nervous system and is responsible for the deaths of thousands of humans, wild animals and livestock, particularly cattle, as well as causing major economic losses. This study describes the genetic characterization of rabies virus variants that circulate in Desmodus rotundus populations and are transmitted to herbivores. METHODS: Fifty rabies virus isolates from bovines and equines in the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil, were genetically characterized and compared with sequences retrieved from GenBank. RESULTS: Two clusters (I and II) with mean nucleotide identities of 99.1 and 97.6% were found. The first of these contained nearly all the samples analyzed. Lineages from other Brazilian states grouped in cluster II. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the amino acid sequences of the N proteins revealed the existence of genetic markers that may indicate possible variations between geographic regions, although the biologically active regions are conserved within the species over space and time.

scholarly journals Characterization of Imjin Virus, a Newly Isolated Hantavirus from the Ussuri White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura lasiura)

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 6184-6191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Won Song ◽  
Hae Ji Kang ◽  
Se Hun Gu ◽  
Sung Sil Moon ◽  
Shannon N. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Demilitarized Zone ◽  
Cross Neutralization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Male To Female

ABSTRACT Until recently, the single known exception to the rodent-hantavirus association was Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a long-unclassified virus isolated from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus). Robust gene amplification techniques have now uncovered several genetically distinct hantaviruses from shrews in widely separated geographic regions. Here, we report the characterization of a newly identified hantavirus, designated Imjin virus (MJNV), isolated from the lung tissues of Ussuri white-toothed shrews of the species Crocidura lasiura (order Soricomorpha, family Soricidae, subfamily Crocidurinae) captured near the demilitarized zone in the Republic of Korea during 2004 and 2005. Seasonal trapping revealed the highest prevalence of MJNV infection during the autumn, with evidence of infected shrews' clustering in distinct foci. Also, marked male predominance among anti-MJNV immunoglobulin G antibody-positive Ussuri shrews was found, whereas the male-to-female ratio among seronegative Ussuri shrews was near 1. Plaque reduction neutralization tests showed no cross neutralization for MJNV and rodent-borne hantaviruses but one-way cross neutralization for MJNV and TPMV. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for the different MJNV genomic segments revealed nearly the same calculated distances from hantaviruses harbored by rodents in the subfamilies Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae, and Sigmodontinae. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length S, M, and L segment sequences demonstrated that MJNV shared a common ancestry with TPMV and remained in a distinct out-group, suggesting early evolutionary divergence. Studies are in progress to determine if MJNV is pathogenic for humans.

scholarly journals Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Cryptosporidium molnari-Like Isolate from a Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3761-3765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Una Ryan ◽  
Amanda O'Hara ◽  
Lihua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Biological Characterization

ABSTRACT Histological, morphological, genetic, and phylogenetic analyses of a Cryptosporidium molnari-like isolate from a guppy (Poecilia reticulata) identified stages consistent with those of C. molnari and revealed that C. molnari is genetically very distinct from all other species of Cryptosporidium. This study represents the first genetic characterization of C. molnari.

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