scholarly journals Effects of Calcium Soaps from Palm, Canola and Safflower Oils on Dry Matter Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Milk Composition in Dairy Goats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Lizbeth Esmeralda Robles-Jimenez ◽  
Rafael Ayala-Hernández ◽  
Jose Romero-Bernal ◽  
Nazario Pescador-Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Traditional Use

This study determined the effect of protected dietary oils on dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility and milk production in dairy goats. Nine Saanen goats were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods of 25 days. A basal diet based on barley hay and corn silage was supplemented with 2.7% DM of calcium soaps of either palm (PO), canola (CO) or safflower (SO) oils. Data for dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and milk production was analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS. Gas production data was analyzed using the procedure of non-linear regression analysis (PROC NLIN) from SAS. Nutrient intakes were not affected by treatments. However, compared with CO, the digestibility of dry matter (653 vs. 552 and 588 g/kg), organic matter (663 vs. 559 and 606 g/kg) and neutral detergent fiber (616 vs. 460 and 510 g/kg) were lowered (p < 0.001) by SO and PO. Compared with CO, in vitro gas production increased (p < 0.001) in PO and SO (174 vs. 201 and 206 mL gas/g incubated DM). Compared with PO and CO, milk production increased (p < 0.001) with SO (0.88 and 0.95 vs. 1.10 kg/d, respectively). With regard to PO and SO, CO decreased fat (34 and 35 vs. 32 g/d) and protein (35 and 38 vs. 30 g/d) in milk. In conclusion, compared to the traditional use of calcium soaps manufactured from PO, protected SO resulted in increased milk yield without negative effects on digestibility and nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals Replacement of raw soybean with roasted soybean increased milk production in Holstein cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilson Sebastião Dias Júnior ◽  
Vítor Augusto Silveira ◽  
Ivan Júnior Ascari ◽  
Renata Apocalypse Nogueira Pereira ◽  
Marina de Arruda Camargo Danés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Improved Performance

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total replacement of raw whole soybean (RAW) for roastedwhole soybean (ROS) on the production performance of Holstein cows. Two experiments were carried out usinga simple reversal design where RAW has been completely replaced by ROS. In experiment 1, 22 cows (175±60 days in milk)were used, and the dietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 3.7% of dry matter (DM). In experiment 2, 16 cows (130±50 days in milk)were used, and thedietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 11% of DM. In both experiments, ROS increased milk production by 1.1kgday-1 without changing fat and protein production. Dry matter intake or milk urea nitrogenwere not affected by dietary soy source. In experiment 2, plasma glucose concentration was decreased, and allantoin/creatinine ratio in urine tended to decreasein ROS. Experiment 2 also evaluated the nutrient digestibility and ruminal degradation kinetics of crude protein in two soybean sources. Roasting had no effect on the digestibility of DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber. Roasted whole soybean hadgreater fraction B and lower protein degradation rate than did RAW; this showed that heat treatment was effective in increasing therumen undegradable amino acid flowto the animal, which suggesteda potential mechanism of action for improved performance observed in ROS.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Musen Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

scholarly journals Use of dried waste of cassava starch extraction for feeding lactating cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANE FERNANDES ◽  
MAXIMILIANE A. ZAMBOM ◽  
DEISE D. CASTAGNARA ◽  
LEILIANE C. SOUZA ◽  
DAIANE O. DAMASCENO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Lactating Cows

The aim of this study was to determine the best level of utilization of dried waste of cassava starch extraction (WCSEd) as a substitute for corn for lactating cows. Four lactating cows were fed diets with increasing levels (0%, 33%, 66% and 100%) of WCSEd as a substitute for corn. The intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, milk production and composition, blood parameters of glucose and urea and microbial synthesis of the diets were evaluated. There was a reduction in dry matter intake, organic matter, ether extract and total carbohydrate, and increased intake of acid detergent fiber. Nutrient digestibility was not affected while the synthesis of microbial protein increased. These changes resulted in reduced milk production, without altering the efficiency of production or the constituents of milk, with a decreasing effect on daily production of lactose, solids and minerals. Metabolic parameters, glucose and urea nitrogen in plasma, remained within appropriate levels. The dried residue from the extraction of cassava starch can be used as feed for dairy cows to replace up to 100% of the corn ration. However, its use promotes a reduction in intake of dry matter and nutrients as well as a reduction in the production of milk, with impacts on the profitability of the product.

Comparison of parameters from the Theodorou gas production technique using nitrogen-free and nitrogen-rich media as predictors of dry-matter intake and digestibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
D. L. Romney ◽  
F. C. Cadario ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
A .H. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Production Techniques

Parameters from in vitro gas production techniques could have potential as predictors of dry-matter intake (DMI) and digestibility. Fermentation is usually carried out under conditions where nitrogen (N) is not limiting. Therefore where N supply is a constraint to intake and digestibility, prediction equations may be inaccurate. This study compared the use of N-free and N-rich media in an in vitro fermentation method (Theodorou et al., 1994) and studied the relationships between in vitro and in vivo parameters obtained using both media.

scholarly journals Growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of limit-fed diets containing wet brewer’s grains to Holstein heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hatungimana ◽  
Tess C Stahl ◽  
Peter S Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of Holstein heifers limit-fed diets containing different amounts of wet brewer’s grains (WBG). A 12-wk randomized complete block study was conducted using 30 yearling Holstein heifers [378 ± 27 d of age, and body weight (BW) of 357.8 ± 27.6 kg (mean ± SD)]. Treatments were 0%, 10% and 20% of WBG on a dry matter (DM) basis and diets were formulated to be limit-fed for dry matter intake (DMI) at 2.35% of BW and provided 15% crude protein (CP) and 2.27 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg of DM. Dry matter intake was recorded daily, while BW and skeletal measurements were measured every 2 wk. During week 12, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum over four consecutive days and composited by heifer to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Dry matter intakes, BW, and average daily gain were not different among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.4, and P = 0.6, respectively). Dry matter intakes ranged from 8.6 to 9.0 kg/d. Average BW were 404.4, 411.5, and 409.3 kg for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets, respectively. Average daily gains were 1.03, 1.04, and 0.96 kg/d for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets respectively. Skeletal measurements and body condition scores (BCS) were not different among treatments except for the change in heart girth (P &lt; 0.01) and initial BCS (P &lt; 0.01). Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter, CP, fat, and hemicellulose were greater or tended to be greater in heifers fed 0% and 20% WBG treatments than heifers fed 10 % WBG (P = 0.04, P = 0.04, P = 0.06, P = 0.06, and P = 0.01, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and fat digestibilities were similar among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.3, and P = 0.3, respectively). During the digestibility phase, DMI tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the 10% WBG treatment. These results demonstrate that limit-feeding heifers with diets containing up to 20% WBG could replace soybean- and corn-based concentrates in diets without adverse consequences to the heifer growth performance.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzymes Cocktail in a Corn-Miscellaneous Meal Diet Improves Nutrient Digestibility and Reduces Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Yuxia Chen ◽  
Dan Shen ◽  
Lilan Zhang ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Zhengqun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
2D And 3D

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the addition of the non-starch polysaccharide enzymes cocktail (NSPEC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gas emissions in a corn-miscellaneous meal-based diet for finishing pigs. The NSPEC is a combination of cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, β-mannanase, α-galactosidase and pectinase optimized by assessing the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of corn-miscellaneous meal diet using an in vitro method of simulating digestion in the stomach and intestine of growing pigs. Growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy were measured. The gas concentration of ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in the environmental assessment chambers were determined. The gas detecting period was divided into three frequencies of manure removal of every 1d, 2d and 3d. The addition of NSPEC into the corn-miscellaneous meal diet decreased feed conversation rate (FCR) and increased the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of pigs (p < 0.05). The digestible energy was also improved (p < 0.05) significantly by NSPEC supplementation in the diet. Furthermore, the supplementation of the NSPEC reduced (p < 0.05) carbon dioxide concentration in the chambers. The ammonia emissions were significantly increased according to average 1d, 2d and 3d manure removal procedures (p < 0.01). These results indicated that the inclusion of optimal NSPEC in a corn-miscellaneous meal diet improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility and reduced carbon dioxide emissions on finishing pigs. The accumulated manure could increase the release of ammonia in a pig house.

scholarly journals Milk production and dry matter intake of lactating Holstein cows fed low fiber diets in the tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽  
Jaime Moyá ◽  
Luis Viera
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Diet Intake

Three stargrass silage (SGS)-based diets formulated to contain 20, 26 and 32% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were compared as to their effect on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production. Twelve lactating Holstein cows averaging 110 days in milk were arranged in four replications of a 3 x 3 Latin Square design. Treatments did not affect DMI or DMI as percentage of body weight (BW); mean values for these parameters were 15.4 kg/cow/day and 3.06%, respectively. However, cows consuming 32% NDF diet had a tendency toward lower (8.6%) intake of organic matter (OM) as percentage of BW than cows on the 20% NDF diet. Intake of NDF as a percentage of BW increased (P < 0.01) linearly (0.62 to 0.93%) as dietary NDF concentration increased. Milk production averaged 21.0 kg/cow/day and was not affected by dietary treatment. Reducing dietary NDF from 32 to 20% resulted in a reduction (P < 0.01) in milk fat from 3.09 to 2.66%.This reduction resulted in a 1.3 kg/cow/day increase (P < 0.05) in 3.25% fat-corrected milk (3.25% FCM) as the percentage of dietary NDF increased. Gross efficiency of energy (NEL) use for milk production and 3.25% FCM increased linearly with dietary NDF by 9.7 and 17.3%, respectively. Results point out that for mid-lactation cows at the observed level of production, diets lower than 32% NDF will not result in higher DMI and milk production, and will be less efficient in the use of energy for milk production.

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