scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Musen Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of wilting and additives on the ensiling quality and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of sudangrass silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Jiang Chun Wan ◽  
Kai Yun Xie ◽  
Yu Xiang Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Zhu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Positive Effects

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of molasses and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> on the ensiling quality and <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation of sudangrass silage prepared with or without wilting.Methods: The ensiling experiment, measured with 3 replicates, was carried out according to a 2×4 (wilted stages×additives) factorial treatment structure. Dry matter of the fresh (210 g/kg fresh matter) or wilted (305 g/kg fresh matter) sudangrass were ensiled (packed into 5.0-L plastic jars) without additive (control) or with molasses (M), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (LP), or molasses + <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (M+LP). After 60 days of ensiling, the silages were analyzed for the chemical, fermentation, and <i>in vitro</i> characteristics.Results: After 60 days of ensiling, the fermentation parameters were affected by wilted, the additives and the interactions of wilted with the additives (p<0.05). The M+LP treatment at wilted had higher lactic acid levels and V-score (p<0.05) but lower pH values and butyric acid concentrations than the other treatments. In comparison with sudangrass before ensiling, after ensiling had lower dry matter and higher non-fibrous carbohydrate. The <i>in vitro</i> gas production, <i>in vitro</i> dry matter digestibility, <i>in vitro</i> crude protein digestibility, and <i>in vitro</i> acid fiber detergent digestibility changed under the effects of the additives. Significant interactions were observed between wilted and the additives in terms of <i>in vitro</i> gas production at 48 h, asymptotic gas production, gas production rate, half time, and the average gas production rate. The total volatile fatty acid levels in the additive treatments were higher than those in the control.Conclusion: Wilting and supplementation with molasses and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> had the ability to improve the ensiling quality and <i>in vitro</i> nutrient digestibility of sudangrass silage. The M+LP treatment at wilted exhibited the strongest positive effects on silage quality and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals Methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola on in vitro rumen fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513
Author(s):  
Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ◽  
Delci de Deus Nepomuceno ◽  
Elisa Cristina Modesto ◽  
Tatiana Pires Pereira ◽  
João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of the methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola at four different concentrations (0, 75, 150, and 250 g L-1) on the in vitro rumen fermentation of Urochloa brizantha. The following variables were evaluated by the in vitro gas production technique: kinetic parameters; rumen degradation of dry matter; and production and concentration of the methane and carbon dioxide gases and of the acetate, propionate, and butyrate short-chain fatty acids. The addition of the methanolic extract reduces the production of gases generated from the degradation of non-fibrous carbohydrates (fraction A) in 9.55, 6.67, and 13.33%, respectively, at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1, compared with the control group, but it negatively affects the degradation of the dry matter of U. brizantha at the concentrations of 150 and 250 g L-1. The extract shows negative quadratic effect on gas production during 12 and 24 hours of U. brizantha incubation. The extract of U. humidicola reduces methane production and increases short-chain fatty acid production at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1.

scholarly journals In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Degradability of Rice Husk on Rice Bran Substitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Rusli Fidriyanto ◽  
Roni Ridwan ◽  
Wulansih Dwi Astuti ◽  
Rohmatussolihat Rohmatussolihat ◽  
Nurul Fitri Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process and has been well used as livestock feed. Rice bran is often adulterated with rice husk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice bran with various compositions of rice husk and assess the relationship between rice husk addition and rice bran quality. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with rice husk addition as a factor and three replications. Data of proximate value, gas production, ruminal degradability, and volatile fatty acid production were analyzed by analysis of variance. Moreover, significant effects of each treatment in the in vitro fermentation were further analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test (P<0.05). It was shown that the addition of rice husk to rice bran could increase acetic acid level, but it reduced potential gas production, gas production rate, organic matter and dry matter digestibility, and propionic acid level. Interestingly, the linear regression of dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and potential gas production showed the high adjusted R2 values. Moreover, this study also revealed that 10% of rice husk substitution on rice bran could significantly reduce the dry matter digestibility.

Nutritional potential, in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and methanogenesis of stover from newer cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in buffalo

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (17) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Avijit Dey ◽  
Shyam S. Paul ◽  
Akula V. Umakanth ◽  
Basrur V. Bhat ◽  
Puran C. Lailer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics

Context In developing countries of south Asia and Africa, cereal crop residues provide important fodder resources for ruminants. Genetic improvement through plant breeding for high-quality crop residues as well as for grain yield is gaining in demand among mixed crop–livestock farmers. Aims The present study investigated the potential nutritional quality, in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics, gas production, enzyme activities and methane production of stover of newly developed brown midrib cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) compared with other cultivars in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Methods Stover from seven sorghum cultivars – brown midrib sorghum (SPV-2017, SPV-2018), normal grain sorghum (CSV-27), forage sorghum (SSG-59-3, CSV-32F) and sweet sorghum (CSH 22SS, CSV 24SS) – was analysed for chemical composition. Stover samples (200 ± 5 mg dry matter) from each cultivar were incubated with buffered rumen fluid (30 mL) in 100-mL calibrated glass syringes at 39°C for 72 h following a standard in vitro gas-production protocol for gas production and fermentation kinetics. Key results Stover chemical composition varied significantly (P &lt; 0.05) among cultivars, with highest organic matter in forage sorghum SSG-59-3 and lowest in sweet sorghum CSV-24SS. Acid detergent lignin was lowest in stover of the brown midrib cultivars (1.27% in SPV-2018 and 1.67% in SPV-2017) and highest in forage sorghum SSG-59-3 (9.42%). The brown midrib cultivars showed highest (P &lt; 0.001) total gas production, truly degradable dry matter, organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy content. The brown midrib cultivars and forage sorghum CSV-32F had highest (P &lt; 0.05) production of volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) and activity of ruminal enzymes (carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase) during fermentation. Conclusions This study demonstrates that stover from brown midrib sorghum cultivars (SPV-2017 and SPV-2018) and forage sorghum CSV-32F could be preferred over stover of other cultivars for animal feed owing to their potential for enhanced utilisation. Implications This study provides information on nutritional quality of stover from newly developed sorghum cultivars for large-scale utilisation as animal feed in smallholder production systems of developing countries.

scholarly journals 97 Effects of alkalization treatment on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of anaerobically stored rice stover

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Yulin Ma ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Jingjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Steep Liquor

Abstract The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of urea and calcium hydroxide on the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of rice stover. Rice stover was stored in polyethylene bags (35 × 25 cm, 350g per bag) with: (i) no additive (CON); (ii) 4% calcium hydroxide (CA, dry matter (DM) basis); (iii) 2.5% urea and 4% calcium hydroxide (UCA, DM basis); and (iv) 9% corn steep liquor and 2.5% urea and 4% calcium hydroxide (CUCA, DM basis). Dry matter were kept at the same level at 55% for all treatments. Totally, 36 bags (4 treatments × 3 store periods × 3 repeats) were prepared and stored at ambient temperature (25 ± 3 °C). The chemical composition was measured at day 7, 10 and 15 after storage. And the in vitro ruminal fermentation was tested in vitro at d 15. Date was subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the fixed effects of treatments, times and treatments × times by using SPSS 24.0. All alkali treatments reduced neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content (P &lt; 0.05), and increased the in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) of the rice stover compared with the CON. The in vitro NDF degradability (IVNDFD) and ADF degradability (IVADFD) were increased in UCA and CUCA rice stover (P &lt; 0.05) compared to others. The highest acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), total volatile acids (TVFA) concentrations and 48-h cumulative gas production were observed in CUCA rice stover (P &lt; 0.05). With the delay of storage time, dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were decreased in CA and CUCA groups (P &lt; 0.05). Results in this study suggested that 9% corn steep liquor and 2.5% urea and 4% calcium hydroxide might be an effective treatment combination.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Combinations of Sugar and Starch Concentrations on Ruminal Fermentation and Bacterial-Community Composition in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-nan Dong ◽  
Song-ze Li ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Gui-xin Qin ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

High levels of starch is known to have positive effects on both energy supply and milk yield but increases the risk of rumen acidosis. The use of sugar as a non-structural carbohydrate could circumvent this risk while maintaining the benefits, but its effects and that of the simultaneous use of both sugar and starch are not as well-understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different combinations of sugar and starch concentrations on ruminal fermentation and bacterial community composition in vitro in a 4 ×4 factorial experiment. Sixteen dietary treatments were formulated with 4 levels of sugar (6, 8, 10, and 12% of dietary dry matter), and 4 levels of starch (21, 23, 25, and 27% of dietary dry matter). Samples were taken at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after cultivation to determine the disappearance rate of dry matter, rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community composition. Butyric acid, gas production, and Treponema abundance were significantly influenced by the sugar level. The pH, acetic acid, and propionic acid levels were significantly influenced by starch levels. However, the interactive effect of sugar and starch was only observed on the rate of dry matter disappearance. Furthermore, different combinations of starch and sugar had different effects on volatile fatty acid production rate, gas production rate, and dry matter disappearance rate. The production rate of rumen fermentation parameters in the high sugar group was higher. Additionally, increasing the sugar content in the diet did not change the main phylum composition in the rumen, but significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was reduced. At the genus level, the high glucose group showed significantly higher relative abundance of Treponema (P &lt; 0.05) and significantly lower relative abundance of Ruminobacter, Ruminococcus, and Streptococcus (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, different combinations of sugar and starch concentrations have inconsistent effects on rumen fermentation characteristics, suggesting that the starch in diets cannot be simply replaced with sugar; the combined effects of sugar and starch should be considered to improve the feed utilization rate.

scholarly journals Effect of using different levels of cassava meal in a concentrate cassava peel diet on chemical composition, in vitro gas production, and rumen fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
A D Saputra ◽  
Kusmartono ◽  
Mashudi ◽  
P H Ndaru
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate effects of using different levels of cassava meal in a concentrate cassava peel diet on chemical composition, in vitro gas production (IVGP) and rumen fermentation. The treatments applied were: A=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (70%)+cassava leaves (5%)+moringa leaves (5%); B=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (60%)+cassava leaves (10%)+moringa leaves (10%); C=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (50%)+cassava leaves (15%)+moringa leaves (15%) cassava meal; D=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (40%)+cassava leaves (20%)+moringa leaves (20%); E=cassava peel (20%)+ cassava meal (30%)+cassava leaves (25%)+moringa leaves (25%) with 3 replications arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The result showed that the increasing levels of cassava meal in the ration significantly increased organic matter (OM) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) content (P<0.05), but reduced crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents. Similarly, a significant increased (P<0.01) were found in values of cumulative in vitro gas production, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, but decreased NH3 concentration (P<0.05) due to the increased of cassava meal. It is concluded that increasing levels of cassava meal in concentrate has led to higher OM content of the ration and being available for rumen fermentation.

In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production differ in selected key pasture species in Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Banik ◽  
Z. Durmic ◽  
W. Erskine ◽  
K. Ghamkhar ◽  
C. Revell
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Thirteen current and potential pasture species in southern Australia were examined for differences in their nutritive values and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles, including methane production by rumen microbes, to assist in selection of pasture species for mitigation of methane emission from ruminant livestock. Plants were grown in a glasshouse and harvested at 7 and 11 weeks after sowing for in vitro batch fermentation, with nutritive values assessed at 11 weeks of growth. The pasture species tested differed significantly (P < 0.001) in methane production during in vitro rumen fermentation, with the lowest methane-producing species, Biserrula pelecinus L., producing 90% less methane (4 mL CH4 g–1 dry matter incubated) than the highest methane-producing species, Trifolium spumosum L. (51 mL CH4 g–1 dry matter incubated). Proxy nutritive values of species were found not to be useful predictors of plant fermentation characteristics or methane production. In conclusion, there were significant differences in fermentative traits, including methane production, among selected pasture species in Australia, indicating that the choice of fodder species may offer a way to reduce the impact on the environment from enteric fermentation.

scholarly journals Effects of tannins and Monensin in a feedlot diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3223
Author(s):  
Hariany Ferreira Martello ◽  
Nelcino Francisco de Paula ◽  
Bruna Gomes Macedo ◽  
Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis ◽  
Danielle Dias Brutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tannins versus Monensin on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a feedlot diet. The treatments were: control (no additives); low tannin (2 mg g DM-1); medium tannin (4 mg g DM-1), high tannin (6 mg g DM-1), and Monensin (0.02 mg g DM-1). The substrate was a feedlot diet composed by hay and concentrate (15:85 w/w; DM basis). Ruminal fluid was obtained from three rumen-cannulated male Santa Inês sheep. In vitro incubations were carried out during four consecutive weeks (run). Gas production (GP) was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h of incubation. At 48 and 96 h, two bottles per treatment were withdrawn to measure pH, ammonia concentration (NH3), volatile fatty acid (VFA), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD). Addition of tannin or Monensin did not affect (P > 0.05) the kinetics parameters. Tannin supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the GP at 24 h compared to Monensin. Addition of Monensin decreased (P < 0.05) IVDMD at 96 h and IVNDFD at 48 and 96 h compared to the control. The IVNDFD was lower (P < 0.05) with Monensin than with tannin at 48 and 96 h. The NH3 was lower (P < 0.05) with tannin compared with Monensin. By increasing tannin dosage, NH3 levels changed quadratically (P < 0.05). The inclusion of tannin in vitro reduced the NH3 concentration considerably when used in low dose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document