scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Mineral Elements in Different Biological Substrates of Athletic Horse from Messina, Italy

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1877
Author(s):  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Enrico Gugliandolo ◽  
Vincenzo Nava ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
Distribution In The Organism ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels and the potential bioaccumulation of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi) in horses from the industrial risk area of Sicily (Italy). Different biological substrates (whole blood, serum; tail and mane) and samples of hay, concentrate and water provided to the horses were processed by means of Thermo Scientific iCAP-Q ICP–MS spectrometer for mineral concentration. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to show the differences in various trace elements in the biological substrates. Pearson’s test was applied to evaluate the correlation of mineral concentrations between whole blood and serum; and tail and mane. The results showed statistical differences of tested mineral elements among biological substrates; Cr whole blood concentrations were negatively correlated with serum concentrations and a positive correlation between whole blood and serum was observed for Cd and Bi. This latter also showed a positive correlation between mane and tail. The concentrations of V, Cr, and Pb in tail with serum and whole blood samples were negatively correlated, while the concentrations of Cd in tail and serum samples were positively correlated. Minerals had a non-homogenous distribution in the organism, showing different concentrations in the biological substrates.

The effect of nitrogen fertiliser on yield, nitrogen and mineral elements in Australian brown rice

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Batten ◽  
K. M. Marr ◽  
L. G. Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Summary. The average yield of rice crops grown by the 2300 producers in southern Australia has ranged from 6.5 to 9.4 t/ha over the last 5 years. Average yields in the northern Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area have exceeded 10 t/ha in several of these years with individual producers attaining yields greater than 12 t/ha. Further increases in yield are expected with new genotypes, such as Namaga released in 1997. These high yielding crops require access to large amounts of nitrogen (and other elements) from the soil and fertilisers. Inputs of other nutrients are relatively minor and limited to phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn). In the current study, we evaluate the relations between yield increase due to nitrogen (N) fertiliser applications, and the rate of removal of elements by medium and long-grain genotypes. Some significant differences were found between genotypes in the concentration and accumulation of some minerals. In the 1993–94 experiment, the long-grain genotype Langi yielded higher and had higher mineral concentrations than Pelde, the lower-yielding genotype it replaced. However, no consistent relationships emerged between genotype, yield and mineral concentration or accumulation. Nitrogen applications caused significant increases in yield, grain nitrogen and some mineral concentrations. In the 1992–93 and 1993–94 experiments, 125 kg and 100 kg nitrogen fertiliser increased yield by 63% and 71% (from 6.8 to 11.1 t/ha and from 5.9 to 10.1 t/ha), respectively. The same N application rates increased the nitrogen concentration in the grain from 12.9 g/kg to 14.5 g/kg in 1992–93, and from 11.4 g/kg to 12.6 g/kg in 1993–94. Grain S was significantly increased in 1992–93 from 1.04 to 1.21 g/kg, and from 0.82 to 0.94 g/kg in 1993–94. The concentrations of grain Mn also increased significantly with N application in the 1993–94 season. Total accumulation of all minerals (except B and Na in 1992–1993 and Cu in 1993–1994) increased with N application. Yield increase, driven by N fertiliser, was the major influence on increased export of N, S, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn from the soil.

scholarly journals Browning and Dieback of Distal Parts of Fruit-bearing Strands in Date Palms

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-884
Author(s):  
Aref A. Abdul-Baki ◽  
Clyde Wilson ◽  
George E. Brown ◽  
Lidia M. Carrera ◽  
Sam Aslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Dead Tissue

The mineral concentration of bearing `Mejhool' date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) trees was investigated with the objective of identifying the cause of browning and dieback of distal parts of the fruit-bearing strands. Tissue analyses of leaves, fruits, healthy and dead portions of fruit-bearing strands indicated that tissue browning and dieback appeared to be associated with a high concentration of certain mineral elements. A comparison of mineral concentration between healthy and dead tissue of the fruit-bearing strands showed no significant increase in K, Cu, B, Zn, and Na, but very high increases in the concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, and Fe. The levels of P, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, and Fe in the distal part of the fruit-bearing strand over a 3-year average were 5, 18, 12, 3, 11, and 2 times, respectively, higher than those in the healthy, proximal part of the strand. Mineral concentrations of leaves and mature fruits were determined for comparison with those in fruit-bearing strands.

scholarly journals Survey of fruit nutrient removal by mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for the export market in various producing regions of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Adriana Mellado-Vázquez ◽  
Samuel Salazar-García ◽  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Alfredo López-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.

scholarly journals Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analytical Method for Study of Colchicine in Rats Given Low Doses

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2007
Author(s):  
Hamdah M. Al Nebaihi ◽  
Tyson S. Le ◽  
Neal M. Davies ◽  
Dion R. Brocks
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Lower Limits

A selective and sensitive assay was developed for colchicine in rat specimens. Colchicine and its deuterated analog (as internal standard, IS) were extracted from rat specimens (minimal 0.1 mL plasma, whole blood, or urine) using liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane:dichloromethane:isopropanol. The mobile phase (formic acid: ammonium acetate: methanol) was pumped with uniform flow through an octadecylsilane analytical column. Detection was carried out by electrospray positive ionization in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The assay (total run time <3 min) had excellent linearity over a wide (400–800-fold) concentration range. The mean absolute recovery was >96.8%. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were ˂15%, with lower limits of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL in 0.1 mL of rat plasma. The method also provided the same lower limits of quantitation in urine and whole blood with 0.1 mL volumes, and 0.1 ng/mL using 0.5 mL of rat plasma. The blood-to-plasma ratio was >1. Rats had measurable colchicine blood concentrations for at least 24 h after intravenous doses of 0.1 mg/kg. The method possessed suitable measures of sensitivity and selectivity for detecting colchicine in several specimen types in rats given low doses.

Frequent monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in unfractionated whole blood is essential for early detection of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in high-risk patients

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Servi J. C. Stevens ◽  
Erik A. M. Verschuuren ◽  
Inge Pronk ◽  
Wim van der Bij ◽  
Martin C. Harmsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a frequent and severe Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated complication in transplantation recipients that is caused by iatrogenic suppression of T-cell function. The diagnostic value of weekly EBV DNA load monitoring was investigated in prospectively collected unfractionated whole blood and serum samples of lung transplantation (LTx) recipients with and without PTLD. In PTLD patients, 78% of tested whole blood samples were above the cut-off value of quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) (greater than 2000 EBV DNA copies per mL blood), with the majority of patients having high viral loads before and at PTLD diagnosis. Especially in a primary EBV-infected patient and in patients with conversion of immunosuppressive treatment, rapid increases in peripheral blood EBV DNA load diagnosed and predicted PTLD. In non-PTLD transplantation recipients, only 3.4% of the whole blood samples was above the cut-off value (P &lt; .0001) despite heavy immune suppression and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related disease. These findings illustrate the clinical importance of frequent EBV DNA load monitoring in LTx recipients. The increased EBV DNA loads in PTLD patients were restricted to the cellular blood compartment, as parallel serum samples were all below cut-off value, which indicates absence of lytic viral replication. EBV+ cells in PTLD patients have a very short doubling time, which can be as low as 56 hours, thereby creating the need for high screening frequency in high-risk patients. Furthermore, it is shown that EBV and CMV can reactivate independently in LTx recipients and that EBV DNA load monitoring may be useful in discriminating PTLD from rejection.

Δ9-THC, 11-OH-Δ9-THC and Δ9-THCCOOH plasma or serum to whole blood concentrations distribution ratios in blood samples taken from living and dead people

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Giroud ◽  
Annick Ménétrey ◽  
Marc Augsburger ◽  
Thierry Buclin ◽  
Pablo Sanchez-Mazas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples

scholarly journals Selenium and other mineral concentrations in feed and sheep's blood in Kosovo

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ademi ◽  
A. Bernhoft ◽  
E. Govasmark ◽  
H. Bytyqi ◽  
T. Sivertsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxic Minerals ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Feed Samples

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of Se and other minerals in sheep and the supplied feed. Four macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg, and S), 7 microminerals (Se, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, and Mo), and 2 toxic minerals (Cd and Pb) were analyzed in 69 feed and 292 sheep blood samples from 30 farms in different regions of Kosovo. The samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and mineral concentrations in whole blood were measured to assess their status in animals. Concentrations of the different minerals in feed were found in the following ranges: 1.9 to 9.5 g Ca/kg DM, 0.8 to 3.2 g P/kg DM, 0.8 to 3.2 g Mg/kg DM, 1.0 to 2.8 g S/kg DM, 6 to 82 µg Se/kg DM, 33 to 970 mg Fe/kg DM, 15 to 42 mg Zn/ kg DM, 2.6 to 7.5 mg Cu/kg DM, 26 to 250 mg Mn/kg DM, 0.04 to 0.88 mg Co/kg DM, 0.05 to 0.86 mg Mo/ kg DM, 0.07 to 2.02 mg Pb/kg DM, and 0.02 to 0.19 mg Cd/kg DM. Concentrations of the microminerals analyzed in whole blood were found in the following ranges: 15 to 360 µg Se/L, 190 to 500 mg Fe/L, 1.4 to 3.8 mg Zn/L, 0.3 to 2.6 mg Cu/L, 6 to 243 µg Mn/L, 0.1 to 19.6 µg Co/L, and 1.8 to 66.0 µg Pb/L. Among all minerals, the largest deficiency was found for Se both in feed and sheep blood, with 82% of feed samples and 83% blood samples being inadequate, and its supplementation is necessary. Selenium-supplemented sheep had significantly higher Se concentration in blood than non-supplemented sheep (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, other macro- and microminerals in feed such as P, S, Cu, and Co were at inadequate concentrations at some of the farms, and supplementation may also be needed for these minerals.

scholarly journals Measurement of Prostate-specific Antigen by Use of a Novel Blood Collection and Analytical System

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara R Grzeda ◽  
Tuan Le Bui ◽  
Cheryl N Warner ◽  
Tracy L Pirucki ◽  
Lisa M Dewey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stabilizing Solution ◽  
Professional Assistance ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in the detection and monitoring of prostate cancer. We developed a system for the self-collection and transport of capillary whole blood for PSA analysis, with the goal of reducing phlebotomy visits and, thus, increasing the access and utilization of PSA in prostate cancer screening and monitoring. Methods: The blood collection device [BIOSAFE Blood Transport System (BTSTM)] collects 70 μL of blood through a heparin-coated material into 200 μL of stabilizing solution. The diluted whole blood is used for measurement of PSA by a modified version of the Hybritech® Tandem-MP PSA Assay. Results were compared for matched samples of professionally and self-collected BTS blood and for matched BTS samples sera from blood collected by venipuncture. Imprecision for the whole-blood PSA measurement was estimated from analysis of whole-blood controls in duplicate, twice per day, over 20 days. Results: BTS samples (n = 140) collected by a qualified healthcare professional compared with serum samples yielded the regression equation: y =1.02x + 0.04 (Sy|x = 0.35; r = 0.99). Comparison of the results for samples (n = 128) collected by the patient without professional assistance with serum samples yielded: y = 1.08x + 0.02 (Sy|x = 0.31; r = 0.99). The between-run CVs at 0.069, 0.53, 2.9, and 10.7 μg/L were 21%, 6.0%, 3.5%, and 3.8%, respectively. PSA was stable in BTS samples stored for 21 days at 18–24 °C and for 7 days at 37 °C. Conclusion: The BIOSAFE BTS system allows accurate and convenient measurement of circulating PSA by a precise method for diluted whole blood.

Radioreceptor Assay for Quantifying FK-506 Immunosuppressant in Whole Blood

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1307-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J N Murthy ◽  
Y Chen ◽  
V S Warty ◽  
R Venkataramanan ◽  
J G Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Fk 506 ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Chromatographic Columns ◽  
Analytical Recovery

Abstract We describe a quantitative radioreceptor assay (RRA) for quantifying FK-506 in whole blood. FK-506 extracted from whole blood with a cyclohexyl-sorbent column competes with [3H]dihydro-FK-506 for binding to a partially purified preparation of FK-506 binding protein (FK-BP). Free and protein-bound FK-506 are separated on LH 20 Sephadex chromatographic columns. We compared the results of this method with those of an enzyme immunoassay that uses a monoclonal antibody: r = 0.97, Sy/x = 0.039. Between-day precisions (CV) at FK-506 concentrations of 8 and 17 micrograms/L were 9.2% and 8.2%, respectively. Within-run precisions were 5.9%, 8.1%, and 9.4%, respectively, at 4, 8, and 15 micrograms/L. Analytical recovery, evaluated at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 micrograms/L for FK-506 added to whole blood, ranged from 98% to 103%. The assay can reliably quantify FK-506 blood concentrations between 1.0 and 25 micrograms/L.

Reference intervals and biological variation for kallikrein 6: influence of age and renal failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martínez-Morillo ◽  
Anastasia Diamandis ◽  
Eleftherios P. Diamandis
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reference Change Value ◽  
Kallikrein 6

AbstractKallikrein 6 (KLK6) is a serine protease involved in numerous cellular processes, up-regulated in many cancers and associated with some neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to establish a reference interval and estimate the biological variation of KLK6 in serum samples of adults. Furthermore, levels of this protein in patients with renal failure were also studied.Serum samples from healthy volunteers (n=136) were collected. Between 15 and 18 additional samples from four of these subjects were obtained over a period of 2 months. Samples from individuals (n=1043) who visited the University Health Network for a routine check-up were collected to study the association between KLK6 with age and gender. Samples from patients with renal failure (n=106) were also obtained and KLK6 and creatinine concentrations were analyzed by ELISA and an automated enzymatic method, respectively.The reference interval was established to be 1.04–3.93 ng/mL. The index of individuality was 0.43 and the reference change value was 35%. Only two serum samples would be required to estimate the homeostatic setting point of an individual. There is a weak but highly significant positive correlation between KLK6 and age (p<0.0001). Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between serum concentrations of KLK6 and creatinine (p<0.0001), in patients with renal failure.The established reference interval for KLK6 and the estimation of its biological variation will further aid in the clinical use of this protein as a serum marker of malignancy and other diseases.

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