scholarly journals Browning and Dieback of Distal Parts of Fruit-bearing Strands in Date Palms

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-884
Author(s):  
Aref A. Abdul-Baki ◽  
Clyde Wilson ◽  
George E. Brown ◽  
Lidia M. Carrera ◽  
Sam Aslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Dead Tissue

The mineral concentration of bearing `Mejhool' date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) trees was investigated with the objective of identifying the cause of browning and dieback of distal parts of the fruit-bearing strands. Tissue analyses of leaves, fruits, healthy and dead portions of fruit-bearing strands indicated that tissue browning and dieback appeared to be associated with a high concentration of certain mineral elements. A comparison of mineral concentration between healthy and dead tissue of the fruit-bearing strands showed no significant increase in K, Cu, B, Zn, and Na, but very high increases in the concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, and Fe. The levels of P, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, and Fe in the distal part of the fruit-bearing strand over a 3-year average were 5, 18, 12, 3, 11, and 2 times, respectively, higher than those in the healthy, proximal part of the strand. Mineral concentrations of leaves and mature fruits were determined for comparison with those in fruit-bearing strands.

scholarly journals Effects of CO2 concentration and UV-B radiation on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) grown in open-top chambers

2020 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Kandhan Karthishwaran ◽  
Annadurai Senthilkumar ◽  
Wasef Ayed Alzayadneh ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Mohsen Alyafei
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Open Top Chambers

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a major plant grown under natural conditions in the Middle East and is subject to multiple environmental stresses. Increased concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation in the growth environment can have a high impact on plant carbon accumulation, and the various factors can function in opposite directions or cause additive effects. The objective of the present investigation was to screen UAE date palm for susceptibility to elevated level of CO2, UVB and their combined effect on a date palm variety was assessed in transparent open - top chambers (OTC) conditions in the hot climate of UAE. After the screening of the cultivars, experiment was conducted in an OTC facility and the treatments were given for 120 days. After the treatment of the selected cultivar, content of chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids, protein, amino acids, phenol and activities including γ-glutamyl kinase, proline oxidase, a-tocopherol and peroxidases activity were determined. The results revealed that the high concentration of CO2 alone increased the growth parameters, whereas the treatment with UV-B significantly affected the growth of the plant relative to regulation. Enzyme observations have shown that an increase in antioxidant enzymes can affect a defense response to the abiotic stress-induced cellular damage. Further extension of this study with other cultivated varieties, other stress parameters and determination of yield parameters will give scope to identify new stress tolerant cultivars of date palm trees.

EFFECTS OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND DATE PALM MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ON NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF PAKISTANI DATES

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-338
Author(s):  
GHAYOOR FATIMA ◽  
MARTIN WIEHLE ◽  
IQRAR AHMAD KHAN ◽  
ASIF ALI KHAN ◽  
ANDREAS BUERKERT
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Properties

SUMMARYThe use of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has been closely connected with the survival of people in arid areas given their fruits´ high concentration of energy, fibre, minerals, vitamins and 16 amino acids. The arid climate and sandy or clayey loam soils in many parts of Pakistan are ideal for the cultivation of date palm, which contributes to feeding the country's rapidly growing population. To fill knowledge gaps on the effects of cultivar diversity and cultivation sites on the nutritional properties of dates, the present project studied dates and related physical and chemical soil properties across six districts in four provinces of Pakistan: Jhang, Muzaffargarh and Bahawalpur in Punjab; Dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK); Khairpur in Sindh and Panjgur in Baluchistan. To this end, during 2012–2013, a total of 170 households (HHs) were selected using a snowball sampling approach. Thirty-nine different date palm cultivars with diverse nutritional properties are grown in the study area. In these total soluble solids (TSS) were highest in Muzawati and Koharba cultivars, while cultivars and site conditions significantly affected TSS, minerals (calcium and magnesium), acidity, and firmness of dates. Concentration of CaCO3 and bulk density (BD) of soils varied widely, while hydraulic conductivity (HC) was similar across sites (p = 0.128). Mean soil pH was highest in Panjgur (8.3) and lowest in Muzaffargarh (7.6), soil organic matter content was highest in Jhang (0.8%) and lowest in D. I. Khan (0.6%) and plant available phosphorous (P) was highest in Muzaffargarh (7.8 mg kg−1) and lowest in Panjgur (6.0 mg kg−1). As indicated by correlation analysis BD and cation exchange capacity of soils seemed to affect TSS, whereas concentration of CaCO3 and available P were correlated with calcium concentration of dates. HC and electrical conductivity, however, seemed to have little effect on dates´ nutritional properties.

The effect of nitrogen fertiliser on yield, nitrogen and mineral elements in Australian brown rice

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Batten ◽  
K. M. Marr ◽  
L. G. Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Summary. The average yield of rice crops grown by the 2300 producers in southern Australia has ranged from 6.5 to 9.4 t/ha over the last 5 years. Average yields in the northern Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area have exceeded 10 t/ha in several of these years with individual producers attaining yields greater than 12 t/ha. Further increases in yield are expected with new genotypes, such as Namaga released in 1997. These high yielding crops require access to large amounts of nitrogen (and other elements) from the soil and fertilisers. Inputs of other nutrients are relatively minor and limited to phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn). In the current study, we evaluate the relations between yield increase due to nitrogen (N) fertiliser applications, and the rate of removal of elements by medium and long-grain genotypes. Some significant differences were found between genotypes in the concentration and accumulation of some minerals. In the 1993–94 experiment, the long-grain genotype Langi yielded higher and had higher mineral concentrations than Pelde, the lower-yielding genotype it replaced. However, no consistent relationships emerged between genotype, yield and mineral concentration or accumulation. Nitrogen applications caused significant increases in yield, grain nitrogen and some mineral concentrations. In the 1992–93 and 1993–94 experiments, 125 kg and 100 kg nitrogen fertiliser increased yield by 63% and 71% (from 6.8 to 11.1 t/ha and from 5.9 to 10.1 t/ha), respectively. The same N application rates increased the nitrogen concentration in the grain from 12.9 g/kg to 14.5 g/kg in 1992–93, and from 11.4 g/kg to 12.6 g/kg in 1993–94. Grain S was significantly increased in 1992–93 from 1.04 to 1.21 g/kg, and from 0.82 to 0.94 g/kg in 1993–94. The concentrations of grain Mn also increased significantly with N application in the 1993–94 season. Total accumulation of all minerals (except B and Na in 1992–1993 and Cu in 1993–1994) increased with N application. Yield increase, driven by N fertiliser, was the major influence on increased export of N, S, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn from the soil.

scholarly journals Effect of the seedling age and Compost to the growth of Palm Date Lulu (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Nursery and Investigation of Female Seedling on Soil of Sub-Optimal Land

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Siti Masreah Bernas ◽  
Maria Fitriana ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Siti Nurul Aidil Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Very High ◽  
Growth Ability

Bernas SM, Fitriana M, Wijaya A, Fitri SNA. 2020. Effect of the seedling age and compost to the growth of palm date lulu (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) nursery and investigation of female seedling. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(2): 199-207.Indonesia imported very high amount of date palm fruits about 9.99 million kg or US$ 13.18 M, because of that it is necessary to develop a research about date palm seedling nursery and investigation of female date, since this is a dioecious plant. The aim of this investigation was to find out characteristics of female date seedling and the effects of seedling age and compost on seedling growth. There were 2 steps in this research: the first was application of compost on seedling (without and plus compost treatments) and the age of seedling (15 and 30 days old) for transplanting into polybag, the growth ability of plant was monitored. The second step was transplanting seedling at 30 days old into pan for investigation female date, which 20 seedlings were planted in one pan and replicated 3 times.  Results showed that compost increased roots and leaves growth on seedling.  Transplanted at 30 days old seedling had the ability to grow about 95% compared to 15 days old was only 45%. It was found that female seedling was about 25% and the rest (75%) was male or sterile. It is needed further investigation on growing female seedling in the field and can it produce fruit.

scholarly journals Nutrient Diagnosis Norms for Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Tunisian Oases

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 886
Author(s):  
Mouna Bendaly Labaied ◽  
Lotfi Khiari ◽  
Jacques Gallichand ◽  
Fassil Kebede ◽  
Nabila Kadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Several studies have pointed out the promising use of nutritional diagnosis methods for the determination of optimum nutrient contents in plant tissues. The present investigation was carried out in different oases in Southern Tunisia to determine reference values for the interpretation of leaf analyses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Deglet Nour cultivar with the Critical Value Approach (CVA) and the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND). A database (n = 100) of yield and mineral concentrations taken from date palm leaflets in October, at the maturity stage of dates, was used. The yield cut-off between low-yield and high-yield subpopulations, selected from cumulative variance ratio functions across survey data, was 76 kg palm−1 and the global nutrient imbalance index (CNDr2) was 10.06. Critical CND nutrient indices were found to be symmetrical around zero as follows: (1.59; +1.59) for IN, (−0.44, +0.44) for IP, (−0.63, +0.63) for IK, (−0.94, +0.94) for ICa, (−1.05, +1.05) for IMg, (−0.80, +0.80) for IFe, (−0.74, +0.74) for ICu, (−0.80, +0.80) for IB, (−0.93, +0.93) for IZn, (−1.04, +1.04) for IMn, and (−1.03, +1.03) for the residual value. Compared to CND, the CVA approach shows weak detection of the nutrients that cause nutritional imbalance. CND indices revealed, except for N, the presence of nutrient imbalances and the necessity to correct the mineral nutrition of date palm in the Kebeli oases.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Mineral Elements in Different Biological Substrates of Athletic Horse from Messina, Italy

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1877
Author(s):  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Enrico Gugliandolo ◽  
Vincenzo Nava ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
Distribution In The Organism ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels and the potential bioaccumulation of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi) in horses from the industrial risk area of Sicily (Italy). Different biological substrates (whole blood, serum; tail and mane) and samples of hay, concentrate and water provided to the horses were processed by means of Thermo Scientific iCAP-Q ICP–MS spectrometer for mineral concentration. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to show the differences in various trace elements in the biological substrates. Pearson’s test was applied to evaluate the correlation of mineral concentrations between whole blood and serum; and tail and mane. The results showed statistical differences of tested mineral elements among biological substrates; Cr whole blood concentrations were negatively correlated with serum concentrations and a positive correlation between whole blood and serum was observed for Cd and Bi. This latter also showed a positive correlation between mane and tail. The concentrations of V, Cr, and Pb in tail with serum and whole blood samples were negatively correlated, while the concentrations of Cd in tail and serum samples were positively correlated. Minerals had a non-homogenous distribution in the organism, showing different concentrations in the biological substrates.

scholarly journals Chemical Identification of Some Toxic Residues Bioaccumulated in Date Palm Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1263-1274
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Oleic Acid Methyl Ester

The dangers resulting in the consumption of contaminated elements found on date fruits or seeds products after exposure to pesticides and toxic chemicals are harmful to health. In the present study, the organic extract of date palm seeds was analyzed using gas chromatography coupling-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results obtained show a high concentration of fatty substances such as trans-oleic acid, the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid (18.67%) followed by monoenoic fatty acids, such as oleic acid methyl ester (8.87%). Secondary metabolites such as phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-(4.97%), beta-ionone, methyl-(1.05%) and alkaloids such as elaeagnine (1.22%) were measured at low concentrations. Thirteen compounds belonging to linear hydrocarbons were found at a rate of 12.08%. The seeds were also exposed to pesticides such as diethyl parathion (9.84%) and toxic residues such as thiophene,3-butyl-,1,1-dioxide (0.51%) known to be toxic for human consumption.

scholarly journals Effect of aluminum on the growth of the in vitro culture tissues of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Um-Aldehin

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of aluminum: (25, 50 and 100 mg l−1 of aluminum chloride AlCl3. 6H2O) on the enhancement of shoot multiplication, phytochemicals, as well as, antioxidant enzyme activity of in vitro cultures of the date palm cv. Um-Aldehin. The addition of aluminum in a concentration of 50 mg l−1 to the medium exhibited most effects on shoots regeneration and this substance also increased the number of shoots per a jar (73.34% and 8.2 shoots/jar, respectively), compared to the other concentrations, including the control treatment. A biochemical analysis of date palm shoots revealed that the high concentration of aluminum chloride (100 mg l−1) led to a significant accumulation of the total proline content, and to a high activity of ascorbate peroxidase, as well as a significant reduction in nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and chlorophyll, compared to the concentration of 50 mg l−1 for which there were recorded the highest contents of the mentioned elements, together with the highest content of chlorophyll in leaves.

scholarly journals The growth and tissue mineral concentrations of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars in response to the ultraviolet-B radiation

2020 ◽  
pp. 354-361
Author(s):  
Saeedallah A. Niazwali ◽  
Annadurai Senthilkumar ◽  
Kandhan Karthishwaran ◽  
Mohammed A. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

The ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is an integral part of the sun light and adversely affects the growth and development of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Although, date palm is an economically important fruit tree and the majority the world’s production is centered in the Arabian Peninsula, the studies evaluating date palm genotypic diversity and response to the UVB radiation are limited. To investigate this, five commercially grown date palm cultivars were exposed to the control and two elevated levels (four and eight hours per day for one year) of UVB radiations. The results showed that UVB radiation decreased plant height and leaf number by 8-14%, shoot root fresh weight by 66-87% and dry weight by 20-23%, total chlorophyll and carotenoids concentrations by 22-28%, while increased the proline and UVB absorbing compounds (phenolics) by 142% and 17.5%, respectively, across cultivars. These changes were more pronounced under the eight-hour UVB exposure. In general, roots tended to have greater concentrations of S and N by ≈1.4 folds, Co, Na, and P by 3.3-7 folds than shoots, compared to average across cultivars and treatments. However, under UVB, several mineral concentrations were either increased (e.g, Ca, Co, Fe, Mn, P) or decreased (e.g, K, Mo, S, N) consistently in shoots and roots. One exception to this rule was the Na concentration that increased in the shoot (9-45%) but decreased in the roots (8-10%) under UVB. Thus, the response of the date palm cultivars to the UVB was dependent on the measured traits, exhibiting decline in the growth parameters despite the increase in the UVB absorbing compounds and the tissue concentrations of several minerals. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cultivars differed similarly in response to a given level of UVB treatments. Based on the PCA, the cultivars were grouped into two groups as BARHI and FRDWT in one group, while KHD, NBSTF, and RFDRD in other group.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF DATE PALM CULTIVARS FROM GHARDAÏA (SOUTHEAST ALGERIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Abdelkader ALLAM ◽  
Kaouthar DJAFRI ◽  
Meriem BERGOUIA ◽  
El-Haîfa KHEMISSAT ◽  
Mohamed TAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Physicochemical Characterisation ◽  
Very High

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an economically important species vital for food security in Algeria, especially for the southern population. There are an estimated 18 million palm trees in Algeria with more than 1000 cultivars. This poorly known resource is unfortunately threatened with extinction. This work was carried out on 24 date palm cultivars, studying their morphological and physicochemical characteristics, such as the weight, length and diameter of the date and the seed, and the consistency, moisture, pH and sugar content of the dates. Ten homogeneous palm trees were selected for each cultivar. From each tree, we collected 40 fruits devoid of their calices (4-5 fruits per bunch), at different heights and orientations in each bunch. The results show that the morphological and physicochemical characteristics vary from one cultivar to another. The dates of most cultivars have a combination of good and bad characteristics. The cultivar Tmar-Bousbaa has very high values for the characteristics weight, length, and diameter of the date and seed (23.16 g, 4.90 cm, 2.85 cm, and 1.53 g, 2.74 cm, 0.94 cm, respectively). The cultivars Takarnait and Halwa have high acidity, varying between 1.08 and 1.92 g/kg of fresh material and a pH of less than 5.46. The cultivar Bouarous has a low sugar content: less than 63%. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyse the whole dataset, revealing high variability among the cultivars. Thus, out of 14 characteristics investigated, ten have been shown to be strong discriminating factors.

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