Comparative Assessment of Thermotolerance in Dorper and Second-Cross (Poll Dorset/Merino × Border Leicester) Lambs

The objective of this study was to compare the thermotolerance of second-cross (SC; Poll Dorset × Merino × Border Leicester) and Dorper lambs. Dorper and SC lambs (4–5 months of age) were subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS) (28–40 °C). The temperature was increased to 38–40 °C between 800 and 1700 h daily and maintained at 28 °C for the remainder of the day (30–60% relative humidity (RH)) in climatic chambers for 2 weeks (n = 12/group), with controls maintained in a thermoneutral (TN) (18–21 °C, 40–50% RH) environment (n = 12/group). Basal respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST) were higher (p < 0.01) in SC lambs than in Dorpers. HS increased RR, RT and ST (p < 0.01) in both genotypes, but the levels reached during HS were lower (p < 0.01) in Dorpers. HS increased (p < 0.01) water intake to a greater extent in SC lambs, while feed intake was reduced (p < 0.05) by HS in SC lambs but not in Dorpers. HS increased (p < 0.01) blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in SC lambs only. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were reduced (p < 0.05) by HS in SC lambs but increased (p < 0.05) in Dorpers. There was no effect of HS on pO2, cHCO3− and cSO2, but higher (p < 0.01) blood pH and lower (p < 0.01) pCO2 were recorded under HS in both genotypes. Blood electrolytes and base excess were reduced (p < 0.01) under HS, while a genotype difference (p < 0.05) was only observed in blood K+ and hemoglobin concentrations. Basal plasma prolactin concentrations were lower (p < 0.01) in Dorpers but were elevated at a similar level during HS (p < 0.01) in both genotypes. Dorper lambs are more resilient to HS than SC lambs. Future research should focus on confirming whether the better heat tolerance of Dorpers is translated to better returns in terms of growth performance and carcass traits over the summer months.

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Differences in Thermoregulatory Responses between Dorper and Second Cross Lambs to Heat Stress Challenges

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019036155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleena Joy ◽

Frank R. Dunshea ◽

Brain J. Leury ◽

Kristy DiGiacomo ◽

Iain J. Clarke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Base Excess ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Blood Electrolytes ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Breed Differences ◽

Cyclic Heat ◽

Lactate Levels ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

We compared the thermotolerance of Dorper (D) and second cross (SC) (Poll Dorset x Merino/Border Leicester) lambs by assessing physiological and biochemical responses. After acclimatization, 4–5 month old lambs of each breed were exposed to either thermo-neutral (18 °C–21 °C, 40%–50% RH, n = 12/group) or cyclic heat stress (HS) (28 °C–40 °C; 40%–60% RH, n = 12/group) for 2 weeks in climatic chambers. The HS involved exposure to temperatures of 38 °C–40 °C between 0800 and 17.00 h daily; otherwise the temperature was maintained at 28 °C. Elevated temperature increased rectal temperature (p < 0.01), respiration rate (p < 0.01) and skin temperature (p < 0.01) in both breeds, (data for 12.00 and 16.00 h pooled), but to a lesser extent in D than in SC lambs (p < 0.01). The HS increased (p < 0.01) water intake to a greater extent in SC than in D lambs and HS reduced (p < 0.05) food intake in SC lambs but not in D lambs. There were no treatment effects on blood glucose and lactate levels in either breed. Significant effects of breed (p < 0.01) and treatment (p < 0.01) were observed in blood creatinine levels, being higher in SC lambs. Higher pH (p < 0.01) and lower pCO2 (p < 0.01) were recorded under HS in both breeds. Among blood electrolytes, Cl−, Na+ and base excess were significantly (all p < 0.01) reduced under HS, with no breed differences. In conclusion, the attenuated physiological responses to HS in Dorper lambs indicates better adaptation of this breed to high environmental temperature.

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PSV-1 Effects of Induction on Piglet Blood Parameters at Time of Farrowing

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 207-207

Author(s):

Kayla M Mills ◽

Larissa K Shirley ◽

Katharine G Sharp ◽

Ricardo M Garcia ◽

Kara R Stewart

Keyword(s):

Umbilical Cord ◽

Oxygen Supply ◽

Base Excess ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Low Doses ◽

Fetal Blood ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Postnatal Mortality ◽

Umbilical Cords

Abstract Typically, sows are induced to farrow using prostaglandin followed by an injection of oxytocin 24 hours later. Benefits of induction can include decreased rate of stillbirths, dystocia, and postnatal mortality along with increasing the likelihood of farrowings being attended. Several studies have indicated that oxytocin administration may negatively impact fetal oxygen supply during parturition, potentially from umbilical cords breaking prior to birth, resulting in increased preweaning mortality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if various induction protocols impact umbilical cord breakage and fetal blood parameters at birth. Fifty-eight primiparous and multiparous sows were assigned to one of three treatments: no induction (NO; n=24), or 2 cc Lutalyse administered on d114 of gestation followed by either 1 cc of oxytocin 24 hours later (OXY24; n=13) or 0.5 cc of oxytocin at 6 and 12 hours after Lutalyse (OXY6; n=21). Details of the farrowing process were recorded, and umbilical cord blood was collected from piglets at birth and evaluated on an iSTAT machine using an Abbott EC8+ test cartridge. There were no differences in total born, number born alive, stillborns, mummies, or assistance needed during farrowing. Sows in the OXY24 treatment tended to have longer farrowings when compared to both NO and OXY6 (5.6 vs 3.7 vs 3.7 hours; P=0.09). OXY24 gilts (38%) and NO sows (33%) tended to have more piglets born with broken umbilical cords than other parities and treatments (OXY24 sows: 19%; NO gilts: 18%; OXY6 gilts: 25%; OXY6 sows: 18%; P=0.07). Piglets born from NO sows had higher base excess, total carbon dioxide, and glucose which suggests that these piglets had prolonged moments of asphyxiation (P< 0.01). OXY24 piglets had the lowest blood pH which is indicative of hypoxic birthing conditions (P< 0.01). There were no signs of asphyxia in the blood parameters of piglets born from OXY6 sows. Therefore, multiple low doses of oxytocin to induce farrowing may be more beneficial for the welfare of the piglet during farrowing.

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Pre-embarkment Prognostication for Acute Paraquat Poisoning

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032719000900604 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 381-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Hiroshi Yamaguchi ◽

Shigehito Sato ◽

Seiji Watanabe ◽

Hiroshi Naito

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Medical Records ◽

Base Excess ◽

Colour Reaction ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Paraquat Poisoning ◽

Qualitative Test ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

1 In order to assess which laboratory parameters could be related to the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning, we reviewed the medical records of 160 patients who had ingested paraquat in an attempt at suicide. 2 Serum creatinine and potassium concentrations, arterial blood bicarbonate and base excess levels, arterial blood pH, volume of paraquat ingested and the strength of the urinary paraquat qualitative test (sodium dithionate colour reaction) on admission in the surviving patients were significantly different from those of the patients who died within 48 h of ingestion. 3 The relationship of the quantity Eq1 defined as: Eq1 = ([K +] × [HCO-3]) / ([Cre] × 0.088) (mEq l-1 ) against the interval of time after ingestion to admission (T) had a significant correlation with prognosis ( P < 0.01). Patients with Eq1 > (1500 - 399 × LogT) had a 90% survival rate, Eq1: (930 - 399 × LogT) < Eq1 ≤ (1500 - 399 × LogT) 38% and Eq1 ≤ (930 - 399 × LogT) 3%, P < 0.01.

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The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality in laying geese

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5696-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. Kaya ◽

B. Karademir ◽

O. Ucar

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Base Excess ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Normal Health

The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality during the laying cycle in geese were investigated. Fourteen geese aged 2 yr old were divided into two groups as; control (Group C, n = 7) and 0.5% NaHCO3 -supplemented group (Group T, n = 7). After 15 days of adaptation period, blood samples were collected every 6 h during a single laying cycle (over 42 h) and the data obtained were analysed for the pH, base excess (BE-B), HCO3– concentration, partial CO2 pressure (pCO2) and total CO2 concentration (tCO2). The parameters of eggshell quality (i.e. thickness and weight) were also measured following the laying. No correlation was found between the groups for the same blood parameters measured. But, there was a significant correlation (min. r = 0.946 and P < 0.05) between all the parameters except for the pH in the groups. Following NaHCO3 supplementation of diet however, there was no significant improvement in eggshell thickness and weight. These findings indicate that the NaHCO3 supplementation of diet may support the maintenance of venous blood pH, BE-B, HCO3–, pCO2 and tCO2 levels at the physiological ranges which are required for normal health and production status of goose during the laying cycle.

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Short- and long-term fluctuations in plasma prolactin concentration in normal subjects

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0970001 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Henning Djursing ◽

Claus Hagen ◽

Jan Møller ◽

Claus Christiansen

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentration ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Plasma Prolactin ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽

Basal Plasma ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Post Menopausal

Abstract. The physiological changes in plasma prolactin concentration were studied in 447 normal subjects, including 65 men, 75 pre-menopausal women and 307 post-menopausal women. The within-day and day-to-day variation as well as the circadian and circannual rhythm of plasma prolactin levels were determined. Furthermore, the relationship between changes in prolactin and oestradiol-17β levels during the normal menstrual cycle and in the climacteric was studied. Pre-menopausal women had significantly (P<0.01) higher basal plasma prolactin concentration than men and post-menopausal women. Furthermore, they had significantly (P < 0.01) higher day-to-day variation than men. This suggests that prolactin in women is secreted in a pulsatile fashion. Only small seasonal variations in both sexes were seen. The levels of plasma prolactin during the ovulatory and the luteal phase in the cycle were significantly (P < 0.02) higher than that of the follicular phase, and a positive correlation between changes in plasma concentration of oestradiol-17β and prolactin was found. Also in post-menopausal women a relationship between plasma concentration of prolactin and oestradiol-17β was seen. It is concluded that the assessment of prolactin concentration in blood is dependent on the physiological variation recorded during sleep in both sexes. However, only in women day-to-day changes and the changes related to the menstrual cycle and the climacteric are of importance.

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Isoflurane-induced acidosis depresses basal and PGE2-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion in mice

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (3) ◽

pp. G899-G904 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Markus Sjöblom ◽

Olof Nylander

Keyword(s):

Base Excess ◽

Ringer Solution ◽

Bicarbonate Secretion ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Base Balance

When running in vivo experiments, it is imperative to keep arterial blood pressure and acid-base parameters within the normal physiological range. The aim of this investigation was to explore the consequences of anesthesia-induced acidosis on basal and PGE2-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion. Mice (strain C57bl/6J) were kept anesthetized by a spontaneous inhalation of isoflurane. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), arterial acid-base balance, and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion (DMBS) were studied. Two intra-arterial fluid support strategies were used: a standard Ringer solution and an isotonic Na2CO3 solution. Duodenal single perfusion was used, and DMBS was assessed by back titration of the effluent. PGE2 was used to stimulate DMBS. In Ringer solution-infused mice, isoflurane-induced acidosis became worse with time. The blood pH was 7.15–7.21 and the base excess was about −8 mM at the end of experiments. The continuous infusion of Na2CO3 solution completely compensated for the acidosis. The blood pH was 7.36–7.37 and base excess was about 1 mM at the end of the experiment. Basal and PGE2-stimulated DMBS were markedly greater in animals treated with Na2CO3 solution than in those treated with Ringer solution. MAP was slightly higher after Na2CO3 solution infusion than after Ringer solution infusion. We concluded that isoflurane-induced acidosis markedly depresses basal and PGE2-stimulated DMBS as well as the responsiveness to PGE2, effects prevented by a continuous infusion of Na2CO3. When performing in vivo experiments in isoflurane-anesthetized mice, it is recommended to supplement with a Na2CO3 infusion to maintain a normal acid-base balance.

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Correlation of Cord Blood pH, Base Excess, and Lactate Concentration Measured With a Portable Device for Identifying Fetal Acidosis

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada ◽

10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30539-9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 598-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lyne Labrecque ◽

Mathieu Provençal ◽

Aurore Caqueret ◽

Bi Lan Wo ◽

Emmanuel Bujold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Base Excess ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Portable Device ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Fetal Acidosis

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Suppressed plasma prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in hyperthyroidism reproduced by thyroxine but not by triiodothyronine administration to normal subjects

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1170241 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 241-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eva Marie Erfurth ◽

Pavo Hedner

Keyword(s):

Control Level ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Plasma Prolactin ◽

Serum Free ◽

Basal Plasma ◽

Normal Women ◽

Prolactin Response ◽

Plasma Prl ◽

Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract. In 10 hyperthyroid women studied in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, basal plasma PRL was normal, but PRL release after TRH was significantly suppressed compared with that in 11 control women. The suppressed PRL response to TRH was not explained by changes in serum estradiol or sex hormone-binding globulin. It recovered after treatment of hyperthyroidism. When normal women were treated with T4 (0.5 mg daily for 6 to 10 days), their mean serum free T4 level increased to about 70% of that in the hyperthyroid patients, whereas their serum free T3 levels increased to a lesser degree. During T4 administration, these women had PRL changes similar to those of the hyperthyroid patients. When the normal women took T3 (60–120) μg for 6 to 8 days), their serum free T3 increased to almost the level of the hyperthyroid patients, but the TRH stimulated PRL release remained close to the control level. The PRL increase after dopaminergic blockade with metoclopramide was significantly suppressed in hyperthyroid patients, and they had no PRL response to TRH after pretreatment with metoclopramide. In conclusion, the PRL changes in hyperthyroidism were reproduced by administration of T4, but not by administration of T3 to healthy women. The site of action is suggested to be pituitary, but additional hypothalamic effects cannot be excluded.

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Circadian Variation of Basal Plasma Prolactin, Prolactin Response to Suckling, and Length of Amenorrhea in Nursing Women*

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem-68-5-946 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 946-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

S. DÍAZ ◽

M. SERÓN-FERRÉ ◽

H. CÁRDENAS ◽

V. SCHIAPPACASSE ◽

A. BRANDEIS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Variation ◽

Plasma Prolactin ◽

Basal Plasma ◽

Prolactin Response

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Primary treatment of macroprolactinomas with Parlodel LAR®

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1190051 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Johanna W. van 't Verlaat ◽

Ioana Lancranjan ◽

Martin J. Hendriks ◽

Ronald J. M. Croughs

Keyword(s):

Oral Treatment ◽

Tumour Size ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Plasma Prolactin ◽

Normal Range ◽

Basal Plasma ◽

Nerve Dysfunction ◽

Long Acting ◽

Bitemporal Hemianopia ◽

Tumour Reduction

Abstract. Five patients, 3 women and 2 men, with macroprolactinomas characterized by extrasellar extension and basal plasma prolactin levels ranging from 4.6 to 102 U/I received six monthly injections of 50–100 mg Parlodel LAR®, an injectable long-acting repeatable form of bromocriptine. The following observations were made: 1. Plasma prolactin levels fell dramatically in all patients and values in the normal range were obtained in 3 patients. 2. In all patients, the onset of tumour reduction was visible on CT scans made one week after the first Parlodel LAR injection. After six Parlodel LAR injections, tumour size was reduced by more than 75% in 3 patients and by 50–75% in two patients. 3. Diminished visual acuity (one patient), bitemporal hemianopia (2 patients), and oculomotor and trochlear nerve dysfunction (one patient) were restored to normal after the first Parlodel LAR injection. 4. Hypogonadism normalized in 2 patients and improved in one patient, whereas plasma gonadotropins remained low in the 2 postmenopausal women. In one patient with hypothyroidism and hypocorticism, thyroid and adrenal functions normalized. It is concluded that bromocriptine retard (50–100 mg monthly) is a useful alternative for oral treatment of patients with prolactinomas, especially in those patients with compliance problems on oral bromocriptine therapy.

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