scholarly journals Helminths of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from Units of Conservation Management and Sustainable Use of Wildlife Installed in the Eastern Economic Region of Mexico

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Jorge-Luis de-la-Rosa-Arana ◽  
Jesús-Benjamín Ponce-Noguez ◽  
Nydia-Edith Reyes-Rodríguez ◽  
Vicente Vega-Sánchez ◽  
Andrea-Paloma Zepeda-Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Artificial Digestion

Wild boars (Sus scrofa) were introduced in Mexico for sport hunting and meat trading for human consumption, but the available data regarding their role in pathogen transmission are limited. This research and field work aimed to identify the helminths of the wild boar produced in three units of conservation management and sustainable use of wildlife placed in the eastern economic region of Mexico. Samples of feces and serum were collected from 90 animals that came from three different ranches. Stool examination and antibody determination to Fasciola hepatica, Taenia crassciceps, Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis (ELISA), and Trichinella spiralis (Western blot) were performed. In addition, 30 diaphragm samples from one ranch were obtained for artificial digestion. Eggs of Strongyloides sp. (72.2%), Metastrongylus sp. (57.7%), Oesophagostomum sp. (53.3%), and Trichuris sp. (37.7%) were found in addition to oocysts of Eimeria sp. (75.6%). Antibodies to Fasciola (8.9%), Taenia (4.4%), Ascaris (32.2%), Toxocara (20%), and Trichinella (5.5%) were found. The eggs of Strongyloides and Oesophagostomum were associated to female hosts. One nematode larva was found by artificial digestion. This is the first report to identify helminths from wild boars in Mexico. In addition, this study identifies the potential risk of the wild boar as a transmission channel of parasites that can have an impact on public health.

scholarly journals Seroprevalance of Trichinella spp. in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Bihor county, western Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Z. Boros ◽  
I. Vallée ◽  
L. C. Panait ◽  
C. M. Gherman ◽  
A. Chevillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Western Romania

SummaryThe wild boar (Sus scrofa) has a wide geographical distribution and can be an important source of Trichinella spp. infection in humans in Romania.The objective of this study was to identify the presence of Trichinella spp. in the wild boar population in Bihor County, Romania.Eighty four plasma and diaphragm samples, collected from wild boars, were included in this study. Artificial digestion, ELISA and Western blot were performed on these specimens. All diaphragm samples were negative for Trichinella larvae in artificial digestion, while in ELISA, 54 (64.2 %) plasma samples were positive and 6 (7.1 %) plasma samples were doubtful. Western blot was performed on 26 plasma samples from which only 6 (23.0 %) gave a positive result.Serological evidences indicate the presence of Trichinella spp. in wild boars from western Romania. Therefore, human consumers might be at risk to ingest Trichinella larvae, even in low numbers.

The effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Martyna Batorska ◽  
Justyna Więcek ◽  
Małgorzata Kunowska-Slósarz ◽  
Kamila Puppel ◽  
Jan Slósarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
European Wild Boar

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat. The research was carried out on 50 wild boars shot during four battues at hunting reserves in the central part of Poland. The carcasses were divided into three groups: ≤30 kg (G1), 31–45 kg (G2), and >45 kg (G3). The protein concentration increased with carcass weight (P ≤ 0.01). The concentration of saturated fatty acids was influenced by carcass weight and was higher when weight increased. A significantly higher level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was found in the carcasses of wild boars from G3 compared with G1 group (P ≤ 0.01). The content of C18:2n-6 was significantly lower in the lightest carcasses compared with the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05). Statistical analysis confirmed that carcasses weight significantly affected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 content. The lightest carcasses contained a significantly higher concentration of PUFA n-3 (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, in G3, the amount of C22:5n-3 was two-fold lower (P ≤ 0.01) than in G1. The research has shown that the meat quality was affected by the carcass weight, resulting better parameters in the lighter than in the heavier carcasses. Therefore, most of the culled wild boars should be squeakers and young boars after the first year of life.

scholarly journals Very highly prevalent Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection of wild boar Sus scrofa in Khuzestan province, south-western Iran

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mowlavi ◽  
J. Massoud ◽  
I. Mobedi ◽  
S. Solaymani-Mohammadi ◽  
M. Gharagozlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
Macracanthorhynchus Hirudinaceus

AbstractAn epidemiological and pathological study of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection in a total of 50 wild boars Sus scrofa attila from cane sugar fields of Iranian Khuzestan was performed. The total prevalence of 64.0 % detected is the highest hitherto known by this acanthocephalan species in wild boars and may reflect a very high contamination of the farm lands studied as the consequence of the crowding of the wild boar population in cane sugar fields. Observations prove that this species is a wild boar gut wall perforating acanthocephalan. High burdens may become so pathogenic for the host individual as to be responsible for its elimination from the population. Thus, this acanthocephalan may play a role in the control of the S. scrofa population inhabiting cane sugar fields, only lowly infected boars being able to survive. In this way, M. hirudinaceus may be useful, as the wild boar is a serious pest of field corps and, moreover, causes a variety of damage to cane sugar fields because of using them for shelter and nesting areas. Such high prevalence in wild boars and presumably high contamination of cane sugar fields represent a human infection risk for farmers, as well as for concrete ethnic group minorities in Iran. The numerous M. hirudinaceus human infection cases reported so far, mainly in Asian countries, support such a risk situation.

scholarly journals Aujeszky’s Disease in South-Italian Wild Boars (Sus Scrofa): A Serological Survey

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3298
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Ferrara ◽  
Consiglia Longobardi ◽  
Filomena D’Ambrosi ◽  
Maria Grazia Amoroso ◽  
Nicola D’Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Aujeszky's Disease ◽  
Aujeszky’S Disease

Aujeszky’s disease (AD, pseudorabies) is a viral disease of suids caused by Suid Herpesvirus 1 (SHV-1) also referred as Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) or Pseudorabies virus (ADV). Domestic pig and Wild boar (Sus scrofa) are the natural host, but many species can be infected with ADV. The aim of our study was to evaluate seroprevalence of AD in wild boar hunted in the Campania Region, during the 2016–2017 hunting season. A total of 503 serum samples from wild boars hunted in the provinces of Campania Region (Southern Italy) were collected and were tested for antibody against ADV using an AD, blocking ELISA assay. A Seroprevalence of 23.85% (120/503, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.15–27.55) was found. Gender was not significantly associated with of ADV seropositivity (p > 0.05), while the presence of ADV antibodies was statistically associated with age (>36-month, p < 0.0001) and location (Avellino, p = 0.0161). Our prevalence values are like those obtained in 2010 in our laboratory (30.7%), demonstrating a constant circulation of ADV in the area.

scholarly journals Adaptation of wild boar (Sus scrofa) activity in a human-dominated landscape

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Johann ◽  
Markus Handschuh ◽  
Peter Linderoth ◽  
Carsten F. Dormann ◽  
Janosch Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Hunting Pressure

Abstract Background Wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) are globally widely distributed, and their populations have increased in Europe during recent decades. Encounters between humans and wild boars are rare because of the predominantly nocturnal lifestyle of the latter, and wild boar management by hunting is a challenging task. Animal activity patterns are important for understanding the behaviour of a species. However, knowledge of detailed temporal patterns and an understanding of the drivers of wild boar activity at a fine temporal scale are lacking. Of special relevance for human–wild boar interactions (e.g., encounters, conflicts, and management) is the question of whether nocturnal activity depends on anthropogenic factors and, particularly, how local hunting regimes may affect activity patterns. We used GPS telemetry and acceleration measurements to shed light on this part of wild boar behaviour, observing 34 animals in Central Europe. Animals were tracked along a gradient of hunting pressure from hunting-free areas to areas with low or high hunting pressure. Fitted generalised additive models allowed predicting the probability of active behaviour under differing disturbance regimes precisely to day of year and time of day. Results The wild boars were predominantly nocturnal, with peak activity at approximately midnight. However, the data showed increased activity during daylight for wild boars that used no-hunting zones or reduced-hunting zones. Large areas with low disturbance levels promoted activity during daylight more than smaller areas with an intermediate disturbance regime. High air temperatures and locations within forests reduced the probability of active behaviour, whereas proximity to tracks used for forestry or agriculture was accompanied by a higher probability of activity. Conclusions We conclude that wild boars flexibly adjust their activity to their local environmental conditions, considering disturbances at the scale of long-term home ranges as well as actual small-scale landscape quality. Entire wild boar home ranges should be covered in the delineation of reserves intending to stimulate activity during daylight.

Selenium concentration in the muscle tissue of wild boars (Sus scrofa) from selected regions in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Michalina Zowczak ◽  
Grażyna Niedziałek ◽  
Ewa Salamończyk ◽  
Roman Miler
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of selenium in the meat of wild boars from three selected regions of Poland. Selenium concentration was analysed in relation to the region (Masuria, Pomerania and Greater Poland) and in relation to the carcass weight and sex of the animals. The average content of selenium in the material was 0.093 μg/g. The highest mean concentration was observed in the meat samples from Greater Poland (0.099 μg/g) and in the muscle tissue of females (0.098 μg/g). The most valuable source of selenium was the meat of animals with carcass weight ranging from 21 to 40 kg (0.101μg/g). A 100 g portion of wild boar meat meets about 20% of the daily requirement for selenium for adults and 30% for children.

Factors affecting wild boar (Sus scrofa) occurrence in highly fragmented Mediterranean landscapes

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Virgós
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Mediterranean Landscapes

This paper is an analysis of the effects of forest fragmentation on wild boar (Sus scrofa) occurrence in coarse-grained fragmented landscapes (<20% forest–scrubland cover on a landscape scale; N = 140 forest fragments, four regions) in central Spain. Occurrence was examined in relation to forest size, isolation, habitat quality, and region. Wild boar occurrence was mainly explained by the location of the forest fragments on the northern or southern plateau. Wild boars were more abundant on the northern plateau than on the southern plateau. In addition, wild boars are more frequent in large forest fragments adjacent to other large forests near mountains or riparian woodlands. The percent presence of wild boars in fragments varied among the four regions sampled (regional effect). Although wild boars occurred more frequently in large than in small forests, this pattern was less pronounced than that found in badgers (Meles meles), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and stone martens (Martes foina) and similar to that found in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The spatial distribution of wild boars may be affected by forest fragmentation despite their typical generalist life-history traits and potential use of agricultural areas as food habitats. These results support the idea that landscape pattern (degree of fragmentation and grain pattern) may be a determinant of species' abundance and distribution in fragmented landscapes.

scholarly journals Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as reservoir of zoonotic yeasts: bioindicator of environmental quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Rhimi ◽  
Giovanni Sgroi ◽  
Chioma Inyang Aneke ◽  
Giada Annoscia ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Wildlife animals are recognized as reservoirs for zoonotic fungi and their faeces might play an important role in introducing pathogens into the environment. Thought wild boar (Sus scrofa) population has dramatically increased across Europe, information about their possible role in dissemination of zoonotic pathogenic yeasts in the environment is scant. Therefore, fecal samples (n=124) from wild boars from Campania region (Southern Italy) were collected and yeasts identified biochemically and molecularly by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and their phylogenetical relationship assessed. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeasts were also investigated using AFST-EUCAST method. Yeasts were isolated from 50.1% of the samples with the highest occurrence in samples from the province of Salerno (61.1%). A total of 368 Candida strains belonging to nine species were identified, with Candida albicans (45.7%), followed by Candida krusei (15.2 %), Candida slooffiae (9.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (7.6%) as the most prevalent identified species. Among C. albicans four sequence types (i.e., ST1-ST4) were identified with an intraspecific nucleotide difference up to 0.21%. The ML tree grouped all representative sequence types as paraphyletic clades with those of the references yeast species, respectively and supported by high bootstrap values. Fluconazole was the less active drug whereas, posaconazole, voriconazole, and isavuconazole the most active one. No resistance phenomena were observed for C. albicans and high MICs values for 5FC, azoles and echinocandines were registered in non-albicans Candida spp. This study showed, for the first time, the important role of wild boars in dissemination of pathogenic fungi in the environment. The absence of resistance phenomena in the Candida spp. might reflect environmental free from residues of azoles antifungals pollution or chemicals and suggests the role of wild boar as bio indicators of environment quality.

Factors affecting space use by wild boars (Sus scrofa) in high-elevation tropical forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 971-978
Author(s):  
T.A. Morais ◽  
C.A. Rosa ◽  
C.S. Azevedo ◽  
A.B. Viana-Junior ◽  
P. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Space Use ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Wild Boars

The wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world and is present in the high-elevation forests in Brazil. Our objective was to understand how landscape and atmospheric conditions affect space use by wild boars. We hypothesized that wild boars would be more frequent at lower elevations, warmer and wetter forested areas, and away from human disturbances. After three years of data collection (2013–2016) using 16 camera traps, 881 independent records were obtained with a mean of 4.44 ± 9.25 pigs per record. Wild boar frequency of occurrence was higher at lower elevations, in more humid and warmer areas, and farther away human disturbance factors, corroborating our initial hypothesis. Understanding space-use patterns of wild boars is necessary for the design of management strategies that target areas of more intense usage, as well as for defining more effective population-control techniques.

The first pathogenicYersinia enterocoliticabioserotype 4/O:3 strain isolated from a hunted wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (13) ◽  
pp. 2758-2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BANCERZ-KISIEL ◽  
A. PLATT-SAMORAJ ◽  
A. SZCZERBA-TUREK ◽  
K. SYCZYŁO ◽  
W. SZWEDA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
European Population ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Rectal Swabs

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to identify the bioserotypes and virulence markers ofYersinia enterocoliticastrains isolated from wild boars in Poland. Bacteriological examination of 302 rectal swabs from 151 wild boars resulted in the isolation of 40Y. enterocoliticastrains. The majority of the examined strains (n= 30), belonged to bioserotype 1A/NI. The presence of individualY. enterocoliticastrains belonging to bioserotypes 1B/NI (3), 1A/O:8 (2), 1A/O:27 (2), 2/NI (1), 2/O:9 (1) and 4/O:3 (1) was also demonstrated. Amplicons corresponding toailandystAgenes were observed only in oneY. enterocoliticastrain – bioserotype 4/O:3. TheailandystBgene amplicons were noted in 11Y. enterocoliticabiotype 1A strains, although single amplicons ofystBgene were found in 28 of the tested samples. In four out of eight cases when twoY. enterocoliticastrains were isolated from the same animal, the strains differed in biotype, serotype or virulence markers. The European population of wild boars continues to grow and spread to new areas, therefore, wild boars harbouring potentially pathogenicY. enterocolitica4/O:3 strains pose a challenge to public health.

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