scholarly journals Immunopathological Response, Histological Changes, Parasitic Burden, and Egg Output in Sheep Naturally Infected by Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Piegari ◽  
Paola Pepe ◽  
Davide De Biase ◽  
Ilaria d’Aquino ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Dicrocoelium Dendriticum ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
Adapter Molecule

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between infection by Dicrocoelium dendriticum (class Trematoda) and the animal host response in terms of macroscopic lesions, the immunopathological response, and histological changes in the livers of naturally infected sheep. Twenty-four sheep were selected on the basis of positive D. dendriticum fecal egg counts (FECs). Gross and histological injuries were scored. A positive significant association was observed between the number of adult worms recovered from the liver, FEC, macroscopic lesions, fibrosis, and bile duct hyperplasia. A significant negative association was observed among these variables and the degree of leukocyte infiltration. In addition, immunophenotyping of the inflammatory cells was carried out using primary antibodies against T cell epitopes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), B cell epitopes (CD79α), and the ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) antigen. Independently of the severity of the D. dendriticum infection, the predominant cell population was CD3-positive and associated with lesser numbers of CD79α- and Iba-I-positive cells. An increase in Iba-1-positive cells was observed in the livers of animals with a high worm burden. Our results provide a reference basis to better understand the local immune response in sheep naturally infected by D. dendriticum in relation to the FEC and parasitic burden.

scholarly journals Thymoquinone and Curcumin Defeat Aging-Associated Oxidative Alterations Induced by D-Galactose in Rats’ Brain and Heart

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6839
Author(s):  
Ali H. El-Far ◽  
Yaser H. A. Elewa ◽  
Elsayeda-Zeinab A. Abdelfattah ◽  
Abdel-Wahab A. Alsenosy ◽  
Mustafa S. Atta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Adapter Molecule ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bcl2 Expression

D-galactose (D-gal) administration causes oxidative disorder and is widely utilized in aging animal models. Therefore, we subcutaneously injected D-gal at 200 mg/kg BW dose to assess the potential preventive effect of thymoquinone (TQ) and curcumin (Cur) against the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal. Other than the control, vehicle, and D-gal groups, the TQ and Cur treated groups were orally supplemented at 20 mg/kg BW of each alone or combined. TQ and Cur effectively suppressed the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal in brain and heart tissues. The TQ and Cur combination significantly decreased the elevated necrosis in the brain and heart by D-gal. It significantly reduced brain caspase 3, calbindin, and calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1), heart caspase 3, and BCL2. Expression of mRNA of the brain and heart TP53, p21, Bax, and CASP-3 were significantly downregulated in the TQ and Cur combination group along with upregulation of BCL2 in comparison with the D-gal group. Data suggested that the TQ and Cur combination is a promising approach in aging prevention.

scholarly journals Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 2 CD4+-T-Cell Epitopes Are Evenly Distributed in Conserved and Hypervariable Regions (HVR), Whereas Linear B-Cell Epitopes Are Predominantly Located in the HVR

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7360-7366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Abbott ◽  
Guy H. Palmer ◽  
Chris J. Howard ◽  
Jayne C. Hope ◽  
Wendy C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Major Surface Protein ◽  
Hypervariable Regions ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Linear B

ABSTRACT Organisms in the genus Anaplasma express an immunodominant major surface protein 2 (MSP2), composed of a central hypervariable region (HVR) flanked by highly conserved regions. Throughout Anaplasma marginale infection, recombination results in the sequential appearance of novel MSP2 variants and subsequent control of rickettsemia by the immune response, leading to persistent infection. To determine whether immune evasion and selection for variant organisms is associated with a predominant response against HVR epitopes, T-cell and linear B-cell epitopes were localized by measuring peripheral blood gamma interferon-secreting cells, proliferation, and antibody binding to 27 overlapping peptides spanning MSP2 in 16 cattle. Similar numbers of MSP2-specific CD4+ T-cell epitopes eliciting responses of similar magnitude were found in conserved and hypervariable regions. T-cell epitope clusters recognized by the majority of animals were identified in the HVR (amino acids [aa] 171 to 229) and conserved regions (aa 101 to 170 and 272 to 361). In contrast, linear B-cell epitopes were concentrated in the HVR, residing within hydrophilic sequences. The pattern of recognition of epitope clusters by T cells and of HVR epitopes by B cells is consistent with the influence of protein structure on epitope recognition.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF PATHOLOGIC CHANGE IN COMPLETE IMPACTED THIRD MOLARS DENTAL FOLLICLES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiqa Mohammed Haidra Masdoose ◽  
Akram Thabet Nasher ◽  
Monya A. El-Zine ◽  
Ameen Abdullah Yahya Al-Akwa ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Dentigerous Cyst ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Impacted Third Molar ◽  
Younger Age

Background: Prophylactic extraction of the asymptomatic impacted third molar is routinely practiced in Europe and the United States. The justification for prophylactic extraction includes the need to reduce the risk of pathologic changes such as cysts and tumors.   Objectives: This study aimed to study the histological and radiological changes in the tooth follicles of upper and lower complete impacted 3rd molars -which appeared radiologically normal. Material and method: A prospective study included fifty patients aged 20 years and above who were referred to the Oral Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sana'a. Patients had follicular space between (2.5mm -3mm) as measured by the panoramic X-ray. These teeth were removed surgically and the follicle was sent for histopathological examination. Results: Most histopathological changes were in dental follicles with a size of <2.5 mm (86%), and only 14% with 2.5 mm - 3 mm. There was statistical significance between the smallest size of dental follicles with the incidence of pathological histological changes indicating a high probability of developing neoplasm (p =0.008).  Of the 50 follicular patients, 28% showed HC, nine (64%) had ameloblastoma, four (29%) had a dentigerous cyst, and only one case (7%) had a multicalcified focus with islands of odontogenic epithelium. While 72% of the samples had normal follicles and non-specific chronic inflammatory cells. There is an association between female sex and pathological histological changes (12 females: 2 males, p =0.008), age group 21-25 years (93% HC), with mandibles (65% HC). Regarding angle and histopathological changes, 36% were vertical, 29% mesioangular, 14.2% horizontal and destioangular, and 7.1% buccoangular. Conclusion:  High incidence of HC occurred in patients with DF, and it was associated with smaller dental follicle size, most HC was ameloblastoma, followed by dentigerous cyst, while 72% of samples had normal follicles and non-specific chronic inflammatory cells. There is a correlation between female gender, younger age group, and jaw position with HC. Prophylactic extraction of the asymptomatic impacted third molar should be routinely practiced in Yemen, to reduce the risk of pathological changes, especially in females and younger age groups.                            Peer Review History: Received 11 January 2021; Revised 8 February; Accepted 28 February, Available online 15 March 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Alfonso Alexander Aguileral, University of Veracruz,  Mexico, [email protected]   Similar Articles: RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE COURSE AND VISIBILITY OF THE MANDIBULAR CANAL BY PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY

scholarly journals Epithelial Ablation of Miro1/Rhot1 GTPase Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Lung Inflammation by Cigarette Smoke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Sharma ◽  
Qixin Wang ◽  
Thivanka Muthumalage ◽  
Irfan Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control

Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure results in lung damage and inflammation through mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria quality control is sustained by Miro1 (Rhot1), a calcium-binding membrane-anchored GTPase by its interaction with PINK1/Parkin during mitophagy. However, the exact mechanism that operates this interaction of mitophagy machinery in Miro1 degradation and CS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction that results in lung inflammation remains unclear. We hypothesized that mitochondrial Miro1 plays an important role in regulating mitophagy machinery and resulting lung inflammation by CS in mouse lung. We showed a role of Miro1 in CS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control mechanisms. The Rhot1Fl/Fl (WT) and lung epithelial cell-specific Rhot1 KO were exposed to mainstream CS for 3 days (acute) and 4 months (chronic). The cellular infiltration, cytokines, and lung histopathology were studied for the inflammatory response in the lungs. Acute CS exposure showed a notable increase in the total inflammatory cells, macrophages, and neutrophils associated with inflammatory mediators and Miro1 associated mitochondrial quality control proteins Parkin and OPA1. Chronic exposure showed an increase infiltration of total inflammatory cells and neutrophils versus air controls. Histopathological changes, such as pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils were increased in CS exposed mice. The epithelial Miro1 ablation led to augmentation of inflammatory cell infiltration with alteration in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathological changes. Thus, CS induces disruption of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, and Rhot1/Miro1 mediates the process of CS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction ensuing lung inflammatory responses.

Microglia of medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) express a specific activation marker homologous to vertebrate ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1/alias aif-1)

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 987-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Drago ◽  
Pierre-Eric Sautière ◽  
Françoise Le Marrec-Croq ◽  
Alice Accorsi ◽  
Christelle Van Camp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Medicinal Leech ◽  
Hirudo Medicinalis ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Adapter Molecule

scholarly journals The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. van Loben Sels ◽  
Kim Y. Green
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
P Domain ◽  
Capsid Protein Vp1 ◽  
Murine Noroviruses ◽  
Acute Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis ◽  
Insight Into

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Vaccine design has been confounded by the antigenic diversity of these viruses and a limited understanding of protective immunity. We reviewed 77 articles published since 1988 describing the isolation, function, and mapping of 307 unique monoclonal antibodies directed against B cell epitopes of human and murine noroviruses representing diverse Genogroups (G). Of these antibodies, 91, 153, 21, and 42 were reported as GI-specific, GII-specific, MNV GV-specific, and G cross-reactive, respectively. Our goal was to reconstruct the antigenic topology of noroviruses in relationship to mapped epitopes with potential for therapeutic use or inclusion in universal vaccines. Furthermore, we reviewed seven published studies of norovirus T cell epitopes that identified 18 unique peptide sequences with CD4- or CD8-stimulating activity. Both the protruding (P) and shell (S) domains of the major capsid protein VP1 contained B and T cell epitopes, with the majority of neutralizing and HBGA-blocking B cell epitopes mapping in or proximal to the surface-exposed P2 region of the P domain. The majority of broadly reactive B and T cell epitopes mapped to the S and P1 arm of the P domain. Taken together, this atlas of mapped B and T cell epitopes offers insight into the promises and challenges of designing universal vaccines and immunotherapy for the noroviruses.

IgG antibody response to ES or somatic antigens of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Trematoda) in experimentally infected sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. González-Lanza ◽  
M. Y. Manga-González ◽  
R. Campo ◽  
P. Del-Pozo ◽  
H. Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Dicrocoelium Dendriticum ◽  
Somatic Antigens

scholarly journals Computer-Aided Design of an Epitope-Based Vaccine against Epstein-Barr Virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Alonso-Padilla ◽  
Esther M. Lafuente ◽  
Pedro A. Reche
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Epitope Selection

Epstein-Barr virus is a very common human virus that infects 90% of human adults. EBV replicates in epithelial and B cells and causes infectious mononucleosis. EBV infection is also linked to various cancers, including Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Currently, there are no effective drugs or vaccines to treat or prevent EBV infection. Herein, we applied a computer-aided strategy to design a prophylactic epitope vaccine ensemble from experimentally defined T and B cell epitopes. Such strategy relies on identifying conserved epitopes in conjunction with predictions of HLA presentation for T cell epitope selection and calculations of accessibility and flexibility for B cell epitope selection. The T cell component includes 14 CD8 T cell epitopes from early antigens and 4 CD4 T cell epitopes, targeted during the course of a natural infection and providing a population protection coverage of over 95% and 81.8%, respectively. The B cell component consists of 3 experimentally defined B cell epitopes from gp350 plus 4 predicted B cell epitopes from other EBV envelope glycoproteins, all mapping in flexible and solvent accessible regions. We discuss the rationale for the formulation and possible deployment of this epitope vaccine ensemble.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document