scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Major Carcass Traits of Korean Hanwoo Males Raised for Thirty Months

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1792
Author(s):  
Mahboob Alam ◽  
Soo Hyun Lee ◽  
Do Hyun Lee ◽  
Chungil Cho ◽  
Mi Na Park

Understanding animals’ genetic potential for carcass traits is the key to genetic improvements in any beef cattle. In this study, we investigated the genetic merits of carcass traits using Hanwoo males raised in a 30-month production system (PROD30). We achieved this using a dataset comprising 6092 Hanwoo males born between 2005 and 2017 and measures of four carcass traits (carcass weight, CWT; eye muscle area, EMA; backfat thickness, BFT; and marbling score, MS). Genetic parameters were estimated using a multiple-trait animal model through the AIREMLF90 program. According to the multiple-trait model, the h2 of CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 0.35 ± 0.04, 0.43 ± 0.05, 0.48 ± 0.05, and 0.56 ± 0.05, respectively. The strongest genetic correlation (rg) was obtained between CWT and EMA (0.49 ± 0.07), whereas it was negligible between CWT and BFT. EMA and MS were also moderately correlated, whereas there was a relatively low negative correlation between EMA and BFT (−0.26 ± 0.08). Our study revealed a consistent indirect genetic improvement in animals from 2005 onwards. Although Hanwoo improvement has mainly focused on males under a 24-month production cycle, we observed PROD30 males to have somewhat similar genetic potential. Our results provide useful insights into the genetic merits of PROD30 males for the first time, which may facilitate future studies on them and their integration into the Hanwoo National Evaluation for genomic selection.

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Swati Srivastava ◽  
Bryan Irvine Lopez ◽  
Sara de las Heras-Saldana ◽  
Jong-Eun Park ◽  
Dong-Hyun Shin ◽  
...  

Hanwoo breed is preferred in South Korea because of the high standards in marbling and the palatability of its meat. Numerous studies have been conducted and are ongoing to increase the meat production and quality in this beef population. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare genetic parameters for carcass traits using BLUPF90 software. Four models were constructed, single trait pedigree model (STPM), single-trait genomic model (STGM), multi-trait pedigree model (MTPM), and multi-trait genomic model (MTGM), using the pedigree, phenotype, and genomic information of 7991 Hanwoo cattle. Four carcass traits were evaluated: Back fat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), and marbling score (MS). Heritability estimates of 0.40 and 0.41 for BFT, 0.33 and 0.34 for CWT, 0.36 and 0.37 for EMA, and 0.35 and 0.38 for MS were obtained for the single-trait pedigree model and the multi-trait pedigree model, respectively, in Hanwoo. Further, the genomic model showed more improved results compared to the pedigree model, with heritability of 0.39 (CWT), 0.39 (EMA), and 0.46 (MS), except for 0.39 (BFT), which may be due to random events. Utilization of genomic information in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has allowed more capturing of the variance from the traits improving the variance components.


1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
L. L. Benyshek ◽  
J. K. Bertrand ◽  
M. H. Johnson ◽  
G. M. Weiss

Growth and carcass records were obtained on 1444 progeny, representing 53 Charolais sires from 7 yr of the Canadian Charolais Association Conception to Consumer Program. After weaning, all calves entered a commercial feedlot, where they remained on feed until they were visually appraised to grade A1 or A2, at which time they were slaughtered. The average age, backfat and carcass weight at slaughter were 417 d, 8.9 mm and 306 kg, respectively. Carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, marbling and number of days from on test to slaughter were adjusted to a fat constant end point of 8.9 mm of backfat. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental relationships were computed from variances and covariances estimated using a multiple-trait sire model with restricted maximum likelihood procedures between all pairwise combinations of growth and carcass traits. The following heritabilities were determined: birth weight, 0.25; 200-d adjusted weaning weight, 0.09; 365-d adjusted yearling weight, 0.16; feedlot test average daily gain, 0.19; relative growth rate, 0.18; number of days from on test to slaughter, 0.24; carcass weight, 0.09; longissimus muscle area, 0.38; and marbling score, 0.26. Carcass weight had a positive genetic correlation with longissimus muscle area (0.45) and number of days from on test to slaughter (0.29) but correlated negatively with marbling score (−0.31). Longissimus muscle area was negatively correlated with marbling score (−0.24). Key words: Beef cattle, growth and carcass traits, genetic parameters


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Naserkheil ◽  
Deuk-Hwan Lee ◽  
Hong-Sik Kong ◽  
Jiyeon Seong ◽  
Hossein Mehrban

Genetic parameters have a significant role in designing a breeding program and are required to evaluate economically important traits. The objective of this study was to estimate heritability and genetic correlation between yearling ultrasound measurements, such as backfat thickness (UBFT), eye muscle area (UEMA), intramuscular fat content (UIMF), and carcass traits, such as backfat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), marbling score (MS) at approximately 24 months of age, as well as yearling weight (YW) in Hanwoo bulls (15,796) and steers (5682). The (co) variance components were estimated using a multi-trait animal model. Moderate to high heritability estimates were obtained and were 0.42, 0.50, 0.56, and 0.59 for CW, EMA, BFT, and MS, respectively. Heritability estimates for yearling measurements of YW, UEMA, UBFT, and UIMF were 0.31, 0.32, 0.30, and 0.19, respectively. Favorable and strong genetic correlations were observed between UIMF and MS (0.78), UBFT and BFT (0.63), and UEMA and EMA (0.65). Moreover, the estimated genetic correlation between YW and CW was high (0.84) and relatively moderate between YW and EMA (0.43). These results suggest that genetic improvement can be achieved for carcass traits when using yearling ultrasound measurements as selection criteria in ongoing Hanwoo breeding programs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoungho Park ◽  
Tae Jeong Choi ◽  
Mi Na Park ◽  
Sang-Hyon Oh

Objective: The purpose of this study was i) to identify the characteristics of carcass traits in Chikso by gender, region, age at slaughter, and coat color using the carcass data collected from the nationwide pedigree information and coat color investigation, and ii) to estimate genetic parameters for breed improvement.Methods: A linear model was used to analyze the environmental effects on the carcass traits and to estimate genetic parameters. Analysis of variance was performed using TYPE III sum of squares for the unbalanced data provided by the general linear model procedure. Variance components for genetic parameters was estimated using REMLF90 of the BLUPF90 family programs.Results: Phenotypic performance of carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and backfat thickness (BF) in Chikso were lower than those of Hanwoo. This is a natural outcome because Hanwoo have undergone significant efforts for improvement at the national level, a phenomenon not observed in Chikso. Another factor influencing the above outcome was the smaller population size of Chikso compared to that of Hanwoo’s. The heritabilities of CW, EMA, BF, and marbling score in Chikso were estimated as 0.50, 0.37, 0.35, and 0.53, respectively, which were was higher than those of Hanwoo.Conclusion: Based on the genetic parameters that were estimated in this study, it is expected that the carcass traits will improve when the livestock research institutes at each province conduct small-scale performance tests and the semen is provided to farmers after selecting proven bulls using the state-of-art selection technique such as genomic selection.


2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., M. Lowerison ◽  
N. Caron ◽  
R. A. Kemp

Genetic parameters for three growth and five carcass traits were estimated for Charolais using a combination of carcass progeny test, purebred field performance and pedigree data. Heritabilities and genetic and residual correlations were derived from variance components for birth weight (BWT, n = 54 221), 205-d weaning weight (WT205, n = 31 384), postweaning gain (PWG, n = 19 403), hot carcass weight (HCW, n = 6958), average subcutaneous fat thickness (FAT, n = 6866), longissimus muscle area (REA, n = 6863), marbling score (MAR, n = 6903) and estimated carcass lean yield percentage (PLY, n = 6852) with an animal model (n = 78 728) and restricted maximum likelihood. Breed of dam and contemporary group appropriate to each trait were included as fixed effects in the model, whereas random effects included direct genetic for all traits, maternal genetic for BWT and WT205, and maternal permanent environmental for WT205. Carcass traits were adjusted to a constant harvest age of 425 d. Heritability estimates of 0.53, 0.22, and 0.21 were obtained for direct components of BWT, WT205, and PWG, respectively, and maternal heritabilities were 0.16 and 0.10 for BWT and WT205, respectively. Direct × maternal genetic correlations for BWT (-0.49) and WT205 (-0.35) were negative. Heritabilities for HCW, FAT, REA, MAR, and PLY were 0.33, 0.39, 0.43, 0.34, and 0.46, respectively. Genetic correlations among direct effects for growth traits were moderately positive and generally uncorrelated with maternal effects across traits. Lean and fat deposition in the carcass generally had negative, unfavorable genetic correlations, although improvement in lean yield and marbling score may not be strongly antagonistic. Genetic correlations of direct and maternal components of growth traits with carcass traits suggested that selection for increased growth rate would not be antagonistic to improvement in carcass yield or meat quality. Key words: Carcass, Charolais, correlation, genetic parameters, growth


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3102
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Naserkheil ◽  
Deukmin Lee ◽  
Kihoon Chung ◽  
Mi Na Park ◽  
Hossein Mehrban

This study was carried out to estimate the variance components, heritability, and genetic correlations between the carcass traits and primal cut yields in Hanwoo cattle. Carcass traits comprising 5622 records included back fat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and marbling score (MS). The 10 primal cut yields from 3467 Hanwoo steers included the tenderloin (TLN), sirloin (SLN), striploin (STLN), chuck (CHK), brisket (BSK), top round (TRD), bottom round (BRD), rib (RB), shank (SK), and flank (FK). In addition, three composite traits were formed by combining primal cut yields as novel traits according to consumer preferences and market price: high-value cuts (HVC), medium-value cuts (MVC), and low-value cuts (LVC). Heritability estimates for the interest of traits were moderate to high, ranging from 0.21 ± 0.04 for CHK to 0.59 ± 0.05 for MS. Except genetic correlations between RB and other primal cut traits, favorable and moderate to high correlations were observed among the yields of primal cut that ranged from 0.38 ± 0.14 (CHK and FK) to 0.93 ± 0.01 (TRD and BRD). Moreover, the estimated genetic correlations of CW and EMA with primal cut yields and three composite traits were positive and moderate to strong, except for BFT, which was negative. These results indicate that genetic progress can be achieved for all traits, and selection to increase the yields of primal cuts can lead to considerable profitability in the Hanwoo beef industry.


2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. McKiernan ◽  
J. F. Wilkins ◽  
J. Irwin ◽  
B. Orchard ◽  
S. A. Barwick

The steer progeny of sires genetically diverse for fatness and meat yield were grown at different rates from weaning to feedlot entry and effects on growth, carcass and meat-quality traits were examined. The present paper, the second of a series, reports the effects of genetic and growth treatments on carcass traits. A total of 43 sires, within three ‘carcass class’ categories, defined as high potential for meat yield, marbling or both traits, was used. Where available, estimated breeding values for the carcass traits of retail beef yield (RBY%) and intramuscular fat (IMF%) were used in selection of the sires, which were drawn from Angus, Charolais, Limousin, Black Wagyu and Red Wagyu breeds, to provide a range of carcass sire types across the three carcass classes. Steer progeny of Hereford dams were grown at either conventional (slow: ~0.5 kg/day) or accelerated (fast: ~0.7 kg/day) rates from weaning to feedlot entry weight, with group means of ~400 kg. Accelerated and conventionally grown groups from successive calvings were managed to enter the feedlot at similar mean feedlot entry weights at the same time for the 100-day finish under identical conditions. Faster-backgrounded groups had greater fat levels in the carcass than did slower-backgrounded groups. Dressing percentages and fat colour were unaffected by growth treatment, whereas differences in ossification score and meat colour were explained by age at slaughter. There were significant effects of sire type for virtually all carcass traits measured in the progeny. Differences in hot standard carcass weight showed a clear advantage to European types, with variable outcomes for the Angus and Wagyu progeny. Sire selection by estimated breeding values (within the Angus breed) for yield and/or fat traits resulted in expected differences in the progeny for those traits. There were large differences in both meat yield and fatness among the types of greatest divergence in genetic potential for those traits, with the Black Wagyu and the Angus IMF clearly superior for IMF%, and the European types for RBY%. The Angus IMF progeny performed as well as that of the Black Wagyu for all fatness traits. Differences in RBY% among types were generally reflected by similar differences in eye muscle area. Results here provide guidelines for selecting sire types to target carcass traits for specific markets. The absence of interactions between growth and genetic treatments ensures that consistent responses can be expected across varying management and production systems.


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemela Peter Nwogwugwu ◽  
Yeongkuk Kim ◽  
Yun Ji Chung ◽  
Sung Bong Jang ◽  
Seung Hee Roh ◽  
...  

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of pedigree errors (PEs) on the accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) and genetic gain for carcass traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle.Methods: The raw data set was based on the pedigree records of Korean Hanwoo cattle. The animals’ information was obtained using Hanwoo registration records from Korean animal improvement association database. The record comprised of 46,704 animals, where the number of the sires used was 1,298 and the dams were 38,366 animals. The traits considered were carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS). Errors were introduced in the pedigree dataset through randomly assigning sires to all progenies. The error rates substituted were 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. A simulation was performed to produce a population of 1,650 animals from the pedigree data. A restricted maximum likelihood based animal model was applied to estimate the EBV, accuracy of the EBV, expected genetic gain, variance components, and heritability (h2) estimates for carcass traits. Correlation of the simulated data under PEs was also estimated using Pearson’s method.Results: The results showed that the carcass traits per slaughter year were not consistent. The average CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 342.60 kg, 78.76 cm<sup>2, 8.63 mm, and 3.31, respectively. When errors were introduced in the pedigree, the accuracy of EBV, genetic gain and h2 of carcass traits was reduced in this study. In addition, the correlation of the simulation was slightly affected under PEs.Conclusion: This study reveals the effect of PEs on the accuracy of EBV and genetic parameters for carcass traits, which provides valuable information for further study in Korean Hanwoo cattle.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonji Chung ◽  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
Hak-Kyo Lee ◽  
Dajeong Lim ◽  
Julius van der Werf ◽  
...  

The phenotype of carcass traits in beef cattle are affected by random genetic and non-genetic effects, which both can be modulated by an environmental variable such as Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), a key environmental factor in cattle production. In this study, a multivariate reaction norm model (MRNM) was used to assess if the random genetic and non-genetic (i.e., residual) effects of carcass weight (CW), back fat thickness (BFT), eye muscle area (EMA), and marbling score (MS) were modulated by THI, using 9,318 Hanwoo steers (N = 8,964) and cows (N = 354) that were genotyped on the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip (50K). THI was measured based on the period of 15–45 days before slaughter. Both the correlation and the interaction between THI and random genetic and non-genetic effects were accounted for in the model. In the analyses, it was shown that the genetic effects of EMA and the non-genetic effects of CW and MS were significantly modulated by THI. No significant THI modulation of such effects was found for BFT. These results highlight the relevance of THI changes for the genetic and non-genetic variation of CW, EMA, and MS in Hanwoo beef cattle. Importantly, heritability estimates for CW, EMA, and MS from additive models without considering THI interactions were underestimated. Moreover, the significance of interaction can be biased if not properly accounting for the correlation between THI and genetic and non-genetic effects. Thus, we argue that the estimation of genetic parameters should be based on appropriate models to avoid any potential bias of estimates. Our finding should serve as a basis for future studies aiming at revealing genotype by environment interaction in estimation and genomic prediction of breeding values.


2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Vinzent Börner ◽  
David J. Johnston ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Graser

Genetic parameters of four ultrasound live-scan traits and five carcass traits of Australian Angus cattle were examined with regard to sex and age of the scanned individuals. Live-scans were subdivided according to whether the observation was obtained from a bull or a heifer. In addition, two age subset (‘young’ and ‘old’) within sex were formed by k-means clustering around two centres within sex according to the age at scanning. REML estimates for heritabilities, genetic, residual and phenotypic correlations for each trait and trait combination were derived from a series of uni-, bi- and tri-variate analysis. Statistically significant age effects could be found for heritablities of scan intra-muscular fat content in heifers and scan fat depth at P8 site and scan rib fat depth in bulls, and for genetic correlations between the scan traits fat depth at P8 site, rib fat depth and eye muscle area. However, differences in heritablities between age sets within sex did not exceed 0.05, and genetic correlations between scan traits of ‘young’ and ‘old’ animals were at least 0.9. Differences between genetic correlations of abattoir carcass traits and ‘young’ and ‘old’ live-scan traits, respectively, were not significant due to high standard errors but up to 0.44. The larger of these differences were found for combinations of scan-traits and non-target carcass traits and not for combination of scan-traits and their actual carcass target traits. Thus, although some results suggest an age effect on the genetic parameters of scan traits, the extent of this effect is of limited impact on breeding value accuracy and genetic gain of scan traits. Furthermore, a possible age effect on correlations to economically important carcass traits need to be underpinned by more carcass traits observations in order to get unambiguous results allowing to draw consequences of scanning younger individuals for accuracy of breeding values and genetic gain in carcass traits.


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