scholarly journals Objective Assessment of Chronic Pain in Horses Using the Horse Chronic Pain Scale (HCPS): A Scale-Construction Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1826
Author(s):  
Johannes P. A. M. van Loon ◽  
Lucia Macri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Control

The objective assessment of chronic pain is of utmost importance for improving welfare and quality of life in horses. Freedom from disease and pain is one of the ‘five freedoms’ that are necessary for animal welfare. The aim of this study was to develop a pain scale for the assessment of chronic pain in horses (Horse Chronic Pain Scale; HCPS), which is based on behavioural and facial expressions. The scale was used to assess 53 horses (26 horses diagnosed with chronic painful conditions by means of clinical examination and additional diagnostic procedures (consisting of osteoarthritis, chronic laminitis, chronic back and neck problems, chronic dental disorders) and 27 healthy control animals). Animals were assessed once daily for three consecutive days by two observers that were blinded to the condition of the animals and were unaware of any analgesic treatment regimens. The HCPS consists of two parts, the Horse Chronic Pain Composite Pain Scale (HCP CPS, with behavioural parameters) and the EQUUS-FAP (Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain). The HCP CPS had good inter-observer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.84, p < 0.001), while the EQUUS-FAP component (with facial expression-based parameters) had poor inter-observer reliability (ICC = 0.45, p < 0.05). The inter-observer reliability of the combined HCPS was good (ICC = 0.78, p < 0.001). The HCPS revealed significant differences between horses with chronic painful conditions and control horses on 2 out of 3 days (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we tested a composite pain scale for the assessment of chronic pain in horses based on behavioural and facial expression-based parameters. Further studies are needed to validate this pain scale before it can be used in practice.

scholarly journals Objective Assessment of Acute Pain in Foals Using a Facial Expression-Based Pain Scale

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Johannes van Loon ◽  
Nicole Verhaar ◽  
Els van den Berg ◽  
Sarah Ross ◽  
Janny de Grauw
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Pain Scales

Pain assessment is very important for monitoring welfare and quality of life in horses. To date, no studies have described pain scales for objective assessment of pain in foals. Studies in other species have shown that facial expression can be used in neonatal animals for objective assessment of acute pain. The aim of the current study was to adapt a facial expression-based pain scale for assessment of acute pain in mature horses for valid pain assessment in foals. The scale was applied to fifty-nine foals (20 patients and 39 healthy controls); animals were assessed from video recordings (30–60 s) by 3 observers, who were blinded for the condition of the animals. Patients were diagnosed with acute health problems by means of clinical examination and additional diagnostic procedures. EQUUS-FAP FOAL (Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain in Foals) showed good inter- and intra-observer reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95 and 0.98, p < 0.001). Patients had significantly higher pain scores compared to controls (p < 0.001) and the pain scores decreased after treatment with NSAIDs (meloxicam or flunixin meglumine IV) (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that a facial expression-based pain scale could be useful for the assessment of acute pain in foals. Further studies are needed to validate this pain scale.

Facial Expression and Sex Recognition in Schizophrenia and Depression

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Bediou ◽  
Pierre Krolak-Salmon ◽  
Mohamed Saoud ◽  
Marie-Anne Henaff ◽  
Michael Burt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Expression Processing ◽  
Selective Impairment

Background: Impaired facial expression recognition in schizophrenia patients contributes to abnormal social functioning and may predict functional outcome in these patients. Facial expression processing involves individual neural networks that have been shown to malfunction in schizophrenia. Whether these patients have a selective deficit in facial expression recognition or a more global impairment in face processing remains controversial. Objective: To investigate whether patients with schizophrenia exhibit a selective impairment in facial emotional expression recognition, compared with patients with major depression and healthy control subjects. Methods: We studied performance in facial expression recognition and facial sex recognition paradigms, using original morphed faces, in a population with schizophrenia ( n = 29) and compared their scores with those of depression patients ( n = 20) and control subjects ( n = 20). Results: Schizophrenia patients achieved lower scores than both other groups in the expression recognition task, particularly in fear and disgust recognition. Sex recognition was unimpaired. Conclusion: Facial expression recognition is impaired in schizophrenia, whereas sex recognition is preserved, which highly suggests an abnormal processing of changeable facial features in this disease. A dysfunction of the top-down retrograde modulation coming from limbic and paralimbic structures on visual areas is hypothesized.

scholarly journals Validation of the Indonesian version of the graded chronic pain scale 2.0 in pain-related temporomandibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-6
Author(s):  
Ira Tanti ◽  
Vivi Vidya Waty Wira ◽  
Yenni Pragustine ◽  
Laura Susanti Himawan ◽  
Nina Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Disability Score ◽  
Positive Correlation

BACKGROUND Pain associated with oral problems is one of the most frequent chronic pain of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study was conducted to analyze the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the graded chronic pain scale 2.0 (GCPS-ID) in Indonesian patients with TMDs. METHODS The English version of the GCPS version 2.0 was translated and back-translated according to international guidelines. This study conducted from June to December 2016 at the Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, and the participants were 202 TMDs patients who had never undergone temporomandibular joint surgery or suffered facial pain for more than 6 months. The evaluation of the GCPS-ID included the internal consistency test, test-retest reliability, and construct validity tests. RESULTS The GCPS-ID had a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.896). The intraclass correlation coefficient of the pain intensity and the disability score were 0.789 and 0.706, respectively. The convergent validity demonstrated a moderately positive correlation between the GCPS-ID and the Indonesian version of oral health impact profile for TMD for pain (r = 0.595; p<0.001) and disability (r = 0.488; p<0.001). The discriminant validity between GCPS-ID and the subjective patient’s quality of life revealed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.195; p = 0.191). CONCLUSIONS GCPS-ID is a reliable and valid assessment tool for evaluating TMD pain in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Validation of cervical lesion proportion measure using a gridded imaging techique to assess cervical pathology in women with genital schistosomiasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leutcher ◽  
Kristina Aaroe ◽  
Louise Arenholt ◽  
Kanutte Norderud ◽  
Mads Lumholdt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Cervical Lesion ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Reproducible Manner ◽  
Female Genital

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is characterized by a pattern of lesions which manifest at the cervix and the vagina, such as homogeneous and grainy sandy patches, rubbery papules in addition to neovascularization. A tool for quantification of the lesions is needed to improve FGS research and control programs. Hitherto, no tools are available to quantify clinical pathology at the cervix in a standardized and reproducible manner. This study aimed to develop and validate a cervical lesion proportion (CLP) measure for quantification of cervical pathology in FGS. A digital imaging technique was applied in which a grid containing 424 identical squares was positioned on high resolution digital images from the cervix of 70 women with FGS. A CLP was made for each image by counting the total number of squares containing at least one type of pathognomonic lesions. For validation of inter- and intra-observer reliability, three different observers estimated CLP independently. In addition, a rubbery papule count (RPC) was determined in a similar manner. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94 (excellent) for the CLP inter-rater reliability and 0.90 (good) for intra-rater reliability and the coefficients for the RPC were 0.88 and 0.80 (good), respectively. The CLP facilitated a reliable and reproducible quantification of the surface of the cervix affected by FGS pathognomonic lesions. Grading of cervical pathology by CLP can provide insight into the natural course of schistosome egg-induced pathology of the cervix. Moreover, CLP provides a measure for the efficacy of treatment.

scholarly journals Objective assessment of chronic pain in donkeys using the donkey chronic pain scale (DCPS): A scale-construction study

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 105580
Author(s):  
Johannes P.A.M. van Loon ◽  
Janny C. de Grauw ◽  
Faith Burden ◽  
Kayleigh J. Vos ◽  
Lyanne H. Bardelmeijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Scale Construction

Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain Scale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gabrielle Pagé ◽  
Daniel Ziemianski ◽  
Marc Olivier Marte ◽  
Yoram Shir
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Treatment Expectations

scholarly journals Objective Assessment of Walking Impairments in Myotonic Dystrophy by Means of a Wearable Technology and a Novel Severity Index

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Giovanni Saggio ◽  
Alessandro Manoni ◽  
Vito Errico ◽  
Erica Frezza ◽  
Ivan Mazzetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Dominant Disease ◽  
Healthy Control

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic inherited autosomal dominant disease characterized by multisystem involvement, including muscle, heart, brain, eye, and endocrine system. Although several methods are available to evaluate muscle strength, endurance, and dexterity, there are no validated outcome measures aimed at objectively evaluating qualitative and quantitative gait alterations. Advantageously, wearable sensing technology has been successfully adopted in objectifying the assessment of motor disabilities in different medical occurrences, so that here we consider the adoption of such technology specifically for DM1. In particular, we measured motor tasks through inertial measurement units on a cohort of 13 DM1 patients and 11 healthy control counterparts. The motor tasks consisted of 16 meters of walking both at a comfortable speed and fast pace. Measured data consisted of plantar-flexion and dorsi-flexion angles assumed by both ankles, so to objectively evidence the footdrop behavior of the DM1 disease, and to define a novel severity index, termed SI-Norm2, to rate the grade of walking impairments. According to the obtained results, our approach could be useful for a more precise stratification of DM1 patients, providing a new tool for a personalized rehabilitation approach.

scholarly journals Patients referred to a German TMD-specialized consultation hour—a retrospective on patients without a diagnosis according to RDC/TMD decision trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Rauch ◽  
Sebastian Hahnel ◽  
Anita Kloss-Brandstätter ◽  
Oliver Schierz
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Objectives The objective was to describe the physical and psychosocial features of patients attending a specialized consultation hour for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This investigation focused on those patients who did not receive a diagnosis according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Materials and methods From 2004 to 2017, patients seeking care during a TMD-specialized consultation hour were consecutively recruited. Each patient completed a TMD-related questionnaire, psychosocial questionnaires (Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beschwerden-Liste), and the Oral Health Impact Profile-49. The clinical examination was performed according to the RDC/TMD. Results The mean age of the 1020 patients was 43.3 years (75.3% female). According to the RDC/TMD decision trees, 351 patients were categorized without a TMD diagnosis (NoTMDdx). The most frequent reasons for seeking care were orofacial pain/TMJ pain or headaches revealing an OR of 1.89 (for TMDdx group). A relevant proportion of patients was categorized as positive for anxiety (NoTMDdx/TMDdx 30.8/41.2%; p = 0.072), depression (20.8/23.9%; p = 0.433), non-specific physical symptoms (31.4/44.1%; p < 0.001), or dysfunctional chronic pain (11.5/18.2%; p < 0.001). In both patient groups, the oral health-related quality of life was impaired (42.9/52.7 points; p < 0.001), and the frequency of therapy measures prior to the consultation hour was high. Conclusions Patients seeking care from TMD specialists were usually referred with TMD-associated symptoms. Of those, a relevant proportion did not receive a diagnosis according to RDC/TMD decision trees. Clinical relevance Psychosocial screening and the avoidance of overtreatment are recommended for patients with TMD-related symptoms.

Animal Pain Scales in Public Policy

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
F. Barbara Orlans
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Animal Pain ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Pain scales classify the severity of pain inflicted on laboratory animals from little or none up to severe. A pain scale as part of public policy serves beneficial purposes that promote animal welfare. It can be used to educate people about the two alternatives of refinement and replacement, and the need to reduce animal pain. Furthermore, a pain scale has practical applications: 1) in review procedures for animal welfare concerns; 2) in developing policies on the use of animals in education; and 3) as a basis for collecting national data on animal experimentation, so that meaningful data can be collected on trends in reduction and control in animal pain. So far, only a few countries (including Sweden, the Netherlands, Canada and New Zealand) have adopted pain scales as part of their public policy. Most countries, including the United States, have not yet done so. The history of the development and adoption of pain scales by various countries is described and the case is presented for wider adoption of a pain scale in countries not currently using one.

Emotion modulates cognitive flexibility in patients with major depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Murphy ◽  
A. Michael ◽  
B. J. Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Emotional Category ◽  
And Control

BackgroundDepression is associated with alterations of emotional and cognitive processing, and executive control in particular. Previous research has shown that depressed patients are impaired in their ability to shift attention from one emotional category to another, but whether this shifting deficit is more evident on emotional relative to non-emotional cognitive control tasks remains unclear.MethodThe performance of patients with major depressive disorder and matched healthy control participants was compared on neutral and emotional variants of a dynamic cognitive control task that requires participants to shift attention and response from one category to another.ResultsRelative to controls, depressed patients were impaired on both tasks, particularly in terms of performance accuracy. In the neutral go/no-go task, the ability of depressed patients to flexibly shift attention and response from one class of neutral stimuli to the other was unimpaired. This contrasted with findings for the emotional go/no-go task, where responding was slower specifically on blocks of trials that required participants to shift attention and response from one emotional category to the other.ConclusionsThe present data indicate that any depression-related difficulties with cognitive flexibility and control may be particularly evident on matched tasks that require processing of relevant emotional, rather than simply neutral, stimuli. The implications of these findings for our developing understanding of cognitive and emotional control processes in depression are discussed.

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