scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Distillers Grains on Heifer Feeding Behavior in the Finishing Phase

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Kaylie A. Huizenga ◽  
Joshua C. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Visit Duration ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective was to determine the effect of low inclusion levels of dried distillers grains (DDG) on feeding behavior in heifers consuming a high-moisture corn-based diet in the finishing phase. Simmental × Angus heifers (N = 90; 323 ± 50 kg) were fed for 180 d. Heifers were blocked by initial body weight (BW) into two groups, stratified by sire, and assigned to 15 pens with six heifers each. Pens were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: 0% DDG inclusion (0DG), 7% DDG inclusion (7DG), or 14% DDG inclusion (14DG). Treatments did not affect (p > 0.59) BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed. Although there was a treatment × time effect (p = 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI), with 0DG having greater DMI during the last 70 d, no differences in overall DMI were detected. Treatment affected (p < 0.01) bunk visit duration and head down duration, with 7DG and 14DG having less minutes per day. Bunk visit frequency (p = 0.02) was less variable for heifers fed 14DG and DMI tended (p = 0.08) to be less variable for both distillers treatments. While dietary inclusion of DDG has minimal effects on overall heifer performance, low levels of DDG inclusion can affect feeding behavior and intake variation.

Comparison of feeding behavior between black and red Angus feeder heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wolfger ◽  
C. Quinn ◽  
G.W. Torres ◽  
M. Taylor ◽  
K. Orsel
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to compare feeding behavior between red and black Angus heifers during a 161-d finishing period as a potential explanation for performance differences. Sixty-eight single-sourced purebred red (n = 35) and black (n = 33) Angus heifers, leptin genotype TT, and average starting weight 360 kg (±19 kg) were used. Heifers were randomly and equally allocated into one of two feedlot pens, equipped with five feed bunks that recorded feeding behavior. Individual time spent at the feed bunk, interval between feeding events, feed intake, and meal frequency were recorded daily, and eating rate was calculated. Heifers were fed a barley-based diet (>75% concentrate). After 161 d, at the end of the feeding period, feedlot performance was calculated as average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed conversion rate. Additionally, carcass data were obtained from the abattoir. Overall, black Angus heifers ate more, spent more time at the feed bunk, and had more meals compared with red Angus (P < 0.001). Red Angus heifers had better gain to feed ratios (P < 0.02) and significantly more red heifers were assigned to Canadian yield category 1 (≥59% lean meat) compared with black heifers (P = 0.02), whereas black heifers had higher back fat thickness throughout the study (P ≤ 0.04). All other performance parameters (ADG and carcass weight) were not different.

The influence of supplementation with haylage, haylage plus soybean meal or haylage plus corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles on the performance of wintering pregnant beef cows fed wheat straw

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Wood ◽  
I.B. Mandell ◽  
K.C. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Fourteen pens containing a total of 53 individually fed, multiparous, pregnant, crossbred beef cows were used to investigate feeding of free-choice haylage or supplemention programs for cows fed wheat straw. Dietary treatments for the 112-d feeding period were: free choice haylage (pens = 2, cows = 7; 100% Haylage), haylage offered at 0.7% body weight (BW) plus free choice straw (pens = 3, cows = 11; 0.7% Haylage), haylage offered at 1% of BW plus free choice straw (pens = 3, cows = 12; 1% Haylage), haylage offered at 0.5% BW plus soybean meal and free choice straw (pens = 3, cows = 12; Haylage + SBM), and haylage offered at 0.5% BW plus corn dried distillers’ grains plus solubles and free choice access to straw [pens = 3, cows = 11; Haylage + dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS)]. The non-straw component of Haylage + SBM and Haylage + DDGS was formulated to provide equal amounts of N (relative to BW) to that of 1% Haylage. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P ≤ 0.01) in cows receiving 100% Haylage vs. other treatments and 1% Haylage, Haylage + SBM, and Haylage + DDGS vs. 0.7% Haylage. Straw DMI was greater (P < 0.001) in cows receiving Haylage + SBM and Haylage + DDGS vs. 1% Haylage. Average daily gain was greater (P ≤ 0.002) in cows receiving 100% Haylage vs. other treatments, 1% Haylage, Haylage + SBM, and Haylage + DDGS vs. 0.7% Haylage, and Haylage + SBM and Haylage + DDGS vs. 1% Haylage. These data indicate that feeding wheat straw supplemented with haylage or haylage plus SBM or DDGS may be an acceptable alternative to free-choice haylage to minimize winter feed costs and that supplementation with Haylage plus SBM or Haylage plus DDGS results in increased straw DMI and ADG when compared to supplementation with haylage alone.

scholarly journals Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D. Tokach ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Joel M. DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P &lt; 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

PSIV-2 A comparison of feedlot growth and performance of beef x Holstein crossbred steers and Holstein steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Bailey L Basiel ◽  
Chad D Dechow ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Objectives were to compare feedlot performance and carcass traits of F1 beef × Holstein steers and Holstein steers. Angus or Limousin × Holstein crossbred [n = 27; age = 12 ± 3 months; body weight (BW) = 435 ± 8 kg] and Holstein (n = 20; age = 11 ± 2 months; BW = 400 ± 9 kg) steers were fed at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Livestock Evaluation Center for 111 days. Feed intake was recorded using the GrowSafe Feed Intake Monitoring System (Model 4000E, GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary AB, Canada). The diet contained corn silage, dried distillers grains, soybean meal, and cracked corn and was formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of beef cattle (NASEM, 2016). Growth performance variables of interest and carcass measurements were analyzed with the Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). USDA assigned quality grades (QG) and yield grades (YG) were analyzed the with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Breed was a fixed effect in all models. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) between breeds in average daily gain or feed efficiency. Crossbreds exceeded Holsteins in initial (P &lt; 0.01) and final BW (P = 0.01), dry matter intake (P = 0.03), hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.01), backfat (P = 0.03), and ribeye area (REA; P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-five percent (35%) of the Holsteins received a QG of Choice or above while 74% of crossbreds graded USDA Choice or above (P = 0.01). However, 75% of Holsteins were YG 2 or lower while only 45% of crossbreds achieved YG 2 or less (P = 0.05). There was no improvement in efficiency when crossbreds were compared to Holsteins; however, carcasses from crossbreds were more likely to grade USDA Choice or above while yielding greater REA and backfat than Holsteins.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Liquid or Dry Creep Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Disappearance, Enzyme Activity and Number of Eaters in Suckling Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3144
Author(s):  
Nanna Byrgesen ◽  
Johannes Gulmann Madsen ◽  
Christina Larsen ◽  
Niels Jørgen Kjeldsen ◽  
Malene Skovsted Cilieborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two dietary treatments (liquid creep feed (LCF) and dry creep feed (DCF)) offered during the suckling period on feed disappearance, number of eaters, and intestinal enzymatic development at weaning in an on-farm study with 347 piglets. Piglets were allocated to either the DCF or LCF treatment from day 10 to day 24 postpartum for 9 h a day. Red ferric oxide (1%) was added to the diet to categorize piglets into eating categories (good eaters, moderate eaters, or non-eaters) via faecal swabs. At weaning, 40 piglets were sampled for intestinal enzymatic development. The LCF treatment increased the dry matter disappearance from day 10–18 (p < 0.001). The percentage of good eaters, moderate eaters and non-eaters did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05). The DCF pigs displayed greater average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning (p = 0.024), and a greater body weight (BW) at day 61 (p < 0.001). The activity of lactase, maltase and sucrase in the proximal part of the small intestine were greatest (p < 0.001) in the DCF pigs.

283 Precision versus Group Supplementation at Two Levels on Growth and Development of Replacement Heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Susan K Duckett ◽  
Jacob Cathcart ◽  
Austin Cathcart ◽  
Zach Dantzler ◽  
Hunter Dove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Supplement Intake ◽  
Feeding Systems

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate use of the Super SmartFeeder (SSF; C-Lock, Inc.) for individual versus group supplementation of heifers grazing stockpiled, novel tall fescue. In experiment 1, Angus heifers (n = 64; 267 + 31.7 kg) had access to the SSF and were allowed 3.6 kg/d of grower supplement. Individual intake was recorded daily and analyzed to determine adoption. Twenty-four percent of the heifers did not adopt to individual SSF supplementation (P &lt; 0.05). In experiment 2, heifers (n = 64; BW= 275 + 31.3 kg) were allotted, based on adoption to SSF, to supplementation system of group feeding (n = 2 reps/level; GRP) or SSF precision feeding (n =16/level; PRE) at two levels (0.5% or 1% of BW) for 127-d in a 2 x 2 factorial. Data were analyzed using Mixed procedure. The interaction between supplementation level and feeding system tended to be significant (P = 0.10) for overall ADG. Average daily gain was greater for 1% BW than 0.5% BW (0.81 vs. 0.47 kg/d) for PRE but did not differ for GRP (0.69 kg/d). Daily supplement dry matter intake differed (P &lt; 0.05) by supplementation level and total BW gain was greater (P &lt; 0.05) by 24.3 kg for 1% versus 0.5% supplementation level. Ultrasound ribeye area and fat thickness measures were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for 1% BW supplement compared to 0.5% BW at the end of the 127d study. When PRE was analyzed independently, heifer BW differed (P &lt; 0.05) on d 91, 117 and 127 between supplement levels. The correlation between individual heifer daily supplement intake and overall ADG for PRE was 0.68 (P &lt; 0.0001). The use of technology to precisely control intake in a grazing system created greater divergence in growth by supplementation level compared to group feeding systems.

Standardized ileal digestible tryptophan and lysine for 15–30 kg gilts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
T. J. Pasquetti ◽  
L. A. C. Esteves ◽  
V. R. C. de Paula ◽  
L. P. Bonagúrio ◽  
W. Tanamati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Variables

Abstract It was aimed to simultaneously study standardized ileal digestible (SID) tryptophan (Trp) and lysine (Lys) for gilts. A digestibility assay was previously conducted to determine the SID amino acid in the basal diet (low levels of SID Trp and Lys). Sixty-four gilts (15.04 ± 1.44 kg) were allotted to 16 diets in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement (1.55, 1.85, 2.15 and 2.45 g/kg SID Trp and 9.72, 11.12, 12.52 and 13.92 g/kg SID Lys) with four replicates per treatment. Performance, longissimus muscle (LM), backfat thickness (BF) and blood variables were evaluated. An interaction was observed for G:F, and by response surface model, the optimum Trp level was achieved at 2.15 g/kg (0.159 g/MJ of ME). A quadratic effect of Trp was observed on body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG); the daily feed intake increased linearly as Trp increased. The optimum Trp levels of 2.25 and 2.24 g/kg were estimated for BW and ADG, respectively. The BF increased with increasing levels of Trp. There was a quadratic and linear effect of Trp and Lys, respectively, on the LM, in which the optimum Trp level was determined as 2.05 g/kg in the diet. Plasma urea nitrogen decreased as Trp and Lys levels increased. Using estimates provided by response surface, maximized G:F ratio was obtained at 2.15 g SID Trp/kg of diet and at least 13.92 g SID Lys/kg of diet is necessary to optimize the G:F for 15–30 kg gilts, providing a Trp:Lys ratio of 15.4:100.

scholarly journals 221 Optimizing sugar inclusion in high roughage diets for growing cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
Allison VanDerWal ◽  
Josh Zeltwanger ◽  
Alfredo DiCostanzo
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Producers wishing to background cattle may not have access to grain in certain regions of the country or when grain price is high. Sugar sources may replace grain under these circumstances. The objective of this study was to determine optimum sugar concentration based on daily gain and feed conversion in high-forage diets fed to growing cattle. Ninety-two Angus crossbred (Ranch 1) steers (n = 60; 339 + 11 kg BW) and heifers (n = 32; 309 + 14 kg BW), and 89 Red Angus crossbred (Ranch 2) steers (338 + 16 kg BW) were randomly allocated (5 to 7 hd/pen) within ranch and sex to one of 15 pens in each of two (north or south side) locations within a deep bedded confinement feedlot. Target dietary treatments were designed to contain supplemental sugar inclusion of 0%, 3.5%, 7% or 10.5% (8, 7, 8 or 7 replicate pens in each treatment, respectively) using a molasses-based supplement containing 56.8% sugar and 7.4% urea. Diets were comprised (DM basis) of hay (12%), corn silage, dry distillers grains (14.5%), dry rolled corn and a liquid supplement (5%); corn grain and corn silage inclusion varied from 21% to 32% and from 29% to 36%, respectively, to accommodate supplemental sugar. This resulted in dietary sugar concentrations of 4.3%, 7.3%, 10.3% and 13.3% or 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, as supplemental sugar. As concentration of sugar increased, DMI increased linearly (P < 0.006) with no change in ADG (P = 0.22) resulting in linearly decreasing feed conversion efficiency (P = 0.032). Iterated ME concentration of supplemental sugar was similar to that of corn grain (P > 0.06). Given the appropriate conditions, sugar may replace dry rolled corn and corn silage in high roughage diets for growing cattle.

scholarly journals 157 Impact of weaning strategy on heifer performance and reproductive development

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
Grace C Ott ◽  
Rebecca K Poole ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
Carrie L Pickworth
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Heifer Development ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract Weaning is recognized as one of the most stressful times of a beef calf’s post-natal life. The objective of this study was to determine if weaning strategy impacts heifer development and reproduction. At 7 months of age, 96 predominantly Angus heifers at 2 locations were assigned to 1 of 3 weaning treatments: abrupt relocation of the calf on d0 (Abrupt, n = 32), fenceline contact starting on d0 prior to relocation of the calf on d7 (Fence, n = 33), and abrupt relocation of the calf on d84 (Late, n = 31). Calf weights, hip heights, and body condition scores (BCS) were collected to evaluate post-weaning performance. Reproductive tract scores (RTS; 0–5 scale, 5=most mature) were assigned every 54 days from d56 to d218. Heifers were synchronized using a 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR® protocol and artificially inseminated (AI) on d246. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with repeated measures. Statistical significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. Late heifers were heavier at d28 and d56 than Abrupt and Fence (P &lt; 0.05), but BW was similar across treatments starting at d84. Average daily gain (ADG) was greater for Late than Abrupt (0.39 and -0.03 kg/day respectively; P &lt; 0.01) and tended to be greater than Fence (0.16 kg/day; P = 0.07) to d28; however, Late had lower ADG than Abrupt and Fence from d28-84 (0.66, 0.83, and 0.81 kg/day respectively; P &lt; 0.05). No treatment differences were observed in BCS or hip height. Late tended to have greater RTS than Abrupt and Fence (2.54, 2.20, and 2.16 respectively; P ≤ 0.10) on d56, but there was no difference on or after d164. Fence tended to have greater AI conception rates than Abrupt and Late (66%, 44%, and 42% respectively; P ≤ 0.08). This data indicates there were initial performance differences based on weaning strategy, but this had minimal impact on heifer development.

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