scholarly journals Sensor and Video: Two Complementary Approaches for Evaluation of Dairy Cow Behavior after Calving Sensor Attachment

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Johanna Pfeiffer ◽  
Olivia Spykman ◽  
Markus Gandorfer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Rumen Bolus

Studies evaluating calving sensors provided evidence that attaching the sensor to the tail may lead to changes in the cows’ behavior. Two different calving sensors were attached to 18 cows, all of which were equipped with a rumen bolus to record their activity. Two methodological approaches were applied to detect potential behavioral changes: analysis of homogeneity of variance in cow activity (5 days pre-sensor and 24 h post-sensor) and analysis of video-recorded behavior (12 h pre- and post-sensor, respectively) in a subgroup. The average results across the sample showed no significant changes in the variability of activity and no statistically significant mean differences in most visually analyzed behaviors, namely walking, eating, drinking, social interaction, tail raising, rubbing the tail, and the number of standing and lying bouts after calving sensor attachment. In addition to considering mean values across all cows, individual cow investigations revealed an increased number of time slots showing a significant increase in the variability of activity and an increased frequency of tail raising and rubbing the tail on objects after calving sensor attachment in some cows, which should be investigated in more detail on a larger scale.

scholarly journals A novel device for detecting anaerobic threshold using sweat lactate during exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Seki ◽  
Daisuke Nakashima ◽  
Yasuyuki Shiraishi ◽  
Toshinobu Ryuzaki ◽  
Hidehiko Ikura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Lactate Sensor

AbstractThe lactate threshold (LT1), which is defined as the first rise in lactate concentration during incremental exercise, has not been non-invasively and conveniently determined in a clinical setting. We aimed to visualize changes in lactate concentration in sweat during exercise using our wearable lactate sensor and investigate the relationship between the lactate threshold (LT1) and ventilatory threshold (VT1). Twenty-three healthy subjects and 42 patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were enrolled. During exercise, the dynamic changes in lactate values in sweat were visualized in real-time with a sharp continuous increase up to volitional exhaustion and a gradual decrease during the recovery period. The LT1 in sweat was well correlated with the LT1 in blood and the VT1 (r = 0.92 and 0.71, respectively). In addition, the Bland–Altman plot described no bias between the mean values (mean differences: − 4.5 and 2.5 W, respectively). Continuous monitoring of lactate concentrations during exercise can provide additional information for detecting the VT1.

scholarly journals Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of ethno-national ideology in the conditions of modern Russia

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Polina Srybnaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The article attempts to analyze theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of ethno-national ideology in the conditions of modern Russia. The problem is considered on the basis of an integrative scientific approach to the methodology of socio-philosophical research. Taking as a basis the conceptual theoretical provisions of the "psychology of peoples" W. Wundt, the author analyzes the methodology of individualism, revealing the contradictions of individualistic psychologism. This made it possible to study the phenomenon of ethno-national ideology from the standpoint of various theoretical and methodological approaches: D. Homans' theory of social interaction, the provisions of E. Durkheim's classical positivism, G.V.F. Hegel. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to determine the priority directions in the development of the concept and integral program of ethno-national ideology in Russia.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Clinical vs. Digital Exophthalmometry Measurement Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tháıs de Sous Pereira ◽  
Cristina Hiromi Kuniyoshi ◽  
Cristiane de Almeida Leite ◽  
Eloisa M. M. S. Gebrim ◽  
Mário L. R. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ct Measurements ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
No Gold Standard

Background. A number of orbital diseases may be evaluated based on the degree of exophthalmos, but there is still no gold standard method for the measurement of this parameter. In this study we compare two exophthalmometry measurement methods (digital photography and clinical) with regard to reproducibility and the level of correlation and agreement with measurements obtained with Computerized Tomography (CT) measurements. Methods. Seventeen patients with bilateral proptosis and 15 patients with normal orbits diseases were enrolled. Patients underwent orbital CT, Hertel exophthalmometry (HE) and standardized frontal and side facial photographs by a single trained photographer. Exophthalmometry measurements with HE, the digital photographs and axial CT scans were obtained twice by the same examiner and once by another examiner. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to assess correlations between methods. Validity between methods was assessed by mean differences, interintraclass correlation coefficients (ICC’s), and Bland–Altman plots. Results. Mean values were significantly higher in the proptosis group (34 orbits) than in the normal group (30 orbits), regardless of the method. Within each group, mean digital exophthalmometry measurements (24.32 ± 5.17 mm and 18.62 ± 3.87 mm) were significantly greater than HE measurements (20.87 ± 2.53 mm and 17.52 ± 2.67 mm) with broader range of standard deviation. Inter-/intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.95/0.93 for clinical, 0.92/0.74 for digital, and 0.91/0.95 for CT measurements. Correlation coefficients between HE and CT scan measurements in both groups of subjects (r = 0.84 and r = 0.91, p<0.05) were greater than those between digital and CT scan measurements (r = 0.61 and r = 0.75, p<0.05). On the Bland–Altman plots, HE showed better agreement to CT measurements compared to the digital photograph method in both groups studied. Conclusions. Although photographic digital exophthalmometry showed strong correlation and agreement with CT scan measurements, it still performs worse than and is not as accurate as clinical Hertel exophthalmometry. This trail is registered with NCT01999790.

scholarly journals Percent of body fat, fat-mass, fat-free mass and assessment of body composition among rural school-going children of Eastern-India

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
Sampriti Debnath ◽  
Nitish Mondal ◽  
Jaydip Sen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Percent of body fat (PBF), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) are useful indicators for the assessment of body composition. The present study was conducted among 1351 children (boys: 660; girls: 691) aged 5-12 years residing in West Bengal, Eastern-India. The children were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, triceps skinfold (TSF) and sub-scapular skinfold (SSF) were recorded using standard procedures. The PBF, PBF-for-age z-score (PBFZ) and body mass index (BMI) were subsequently calculated. Body composition was assessed using FM, FFM, fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI). Age-specific mean values of FM ranged from 2.12-4.00 kg (boys) and 2.16-4.40 kg (girls). Age-specific mean values of FFM ranged from 14.45-23.93 kg (boys) and 14.01-23.03 kg (girls). Sex-specific mean differences between sexes were statistically significant in weight, height, TSF, SSF, PBF, PBFAZ, FM, FFM, FMI and FFMI (p<0.05), except in BMI (p>0.05). These results are important for future investigations in clinical and epidemiological settings so as to accurately identify the risk of lower or higher adiposity and body composition using PBF, FM and FFM.

Sex Differences in Variability for Cognitive Measures

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Turkheimer ◽  
Diane F. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Intelligence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mean Differences

Theories about the origin of cognitive sex differences must address differences in three portions of ability distributions: low-tail variability, high-tail variability, and mean values. In addition, genetic theories must provide evidence that these three types of differences are (at least in large part) caused by alleles that are located on the X chromosome. It is well established that there are more mentally retarded males than females, and this disparity is attributable to genes located on the X chromosome. By contrast, there are no known “intelligence genes” that can provide a parallel explanation for differences in variability in the high ability tail of distributions. Mean differences between males and females also defy any X-linked hypothesis about average intelligence because females and males excel on different cognitive measures. Thus, we conclude that X-linked genetic explanations of cognitive sex differences can only be substantiated as a causal explanation for the excess of males diagnosed with mental retardation.

scholarly journals Theory of Social Quality as a Tool for Analyzing Social Processes: Opportunities and Scope of Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Vsevolod V. Samsonov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Quality ◽  
Social Quality Of Life ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The paper considers modern approaches to the study of social dynamics, which are conceptually reflected in theories of social quality of life, linking economic and statistical data with indicators reflecting integrative relationships and forms of social interaction. An attempt to assess the effectiveness of these theoretical and methodological approaches is carried out in the context of analyzing such a problem in Russian society as the increased level of emigration in recent years.

scholarly journals Influence of the longitudinal inclination on the speed on highways

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Borislav Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Speed Difference ◽  
Speed Selection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The main objective of the present paper is to investigate the influence of the longitudinal inclination of grades on the speed behavior on highways. For assessing this dependence, all uphill and downhill highway sections were considered separately in the two travel directions and the mean values of both 85th and 15th percentile speeds were calculated for each section. In order to take into account the free speed selection, all speed limited highway sections were excluded from the study. To investigate the speed changes as a function of the longitudinal inclination, the speed differences V85 between the speeds at the end and the beginning of each individual ascending and descending section were calculated as well. The dependencies were assessed also using the “moving average” over the grades. Both methodological approaches show that the magnitude of the longitudinal inclination on uphill sections has a clear influence on the speed and on the speed differences. A significant reduction of the speed and a significant increase of the speed difference were established on ascending sections with slopes over 4%. Furthermore, it was found that the length of the ascending grades also affects the speed differences ΔV85, which increase considerably on longer uphill sections.

scholarly journals Associations Between Time After Stroke and Exercise Training Outcomes: A Meta‐Regression Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Marzolini ◽  
Che‐Yuan Wu ◽  
Rowaida Hussein ◽  
Lisa Y. Xiong ◽  
Suban Kangatharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Walk Distance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Minute Walk Distance ◽  
Minute Walk

Background Knowledge gaps exist regarding the effect of time elapsed after stroke on the effectiveness of exercise training interventions, offering incomplete guidance to clinicians. Methods and Results To determine the associations between time after stroke and 6‐minute walk distance, 10‐meter walk time, cardiorespiratory fitness and balance (Berg Balance Scale score [BBS]) in exercise training interventions, relevant studies in post‐stroke populations were identified by systematic review. Time after stroke as continuous or dichotomized (≤3 months versus >3 months, and ≤6 months versus >6 months) variables and weighted mean differences in postintervention outcomes were examined in meta‐regression analyses adjusted for study baseline mean values (pre‐post comparisons) or baseline mean values and baseline control‐intervention differences (controlled comparisons). Secondary models were adjusted additionally for mean age, sex, and aerobic exercise intensity, dose, and modality. We included 148 studies. Earlier exercise training initiation was associated with larger pre‐post differences in mobility; studies initiated ≤3 months versus >3 months after stroke were associated with larger differences (weighted mean differences [95% confidence interval]) in 6‐minute walk distance (36.3 meters; 95% CI, 14.2–58.5), comfortable 10‐meter walk time (0.13 m/s; 95% CI, 0.06–0.19) and fast 10‐meter walk time (0.16 m/s; 95% CI, 0.03–0.3), in fully adjusted models. Initiation ≤3 months versus >3 months was not associated with cardiorespiratory fitness but was associated with a higher but not clinically important Berg Balance Scale score difference (2.9 points; 95% CI, 0.41–5.5). In exercise training versus control studies, initiation ≤3 months was associated with a greater difference in only postintervention 6‐minute walk distance (baseline‐adjusted 27.3 meters; 95% CI, 6.1–48.5; fully adjusted, 24.9 meters; 95% CI, 0.82–49.1; a similar association was seen for ≤6 months versus >6 months after stroke (fully adjusted, 26.6 meters; 95% CI, 2.6–50.6). Conclusions There may be a clinically meaningful benefit to mobility outcomes when exercise is initiated within 3 months and up to 6 months after stroke.

The Cognitive Basis of Social Interaction Across the Lifespan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Heather J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Age Range

This chapter sets the scene of the book by providing key definitions of the concepts that underlie social interaction, and highlighting the importance of a lifespan approach. Traditionally, research on social interaction has focused on a very narrow age-range between 2 and 7 years old, when these skills are known to develop in typically developing children. However, over the last few years new paradigms and methodological advances have facilitated an exciting new body of research that has examined social interaction in infancy and beyond childhood. This chapter presents key theoretical models of social interaction, and considers the predictions that each makes about development across the lifespan, noting a particular role for cognitive mechanisms. It also introduces a range of methodological approaches that have been used to study social interaction, emphasizing the challenges that researchers face in applying these methods across the lifespan, and the opportunities that lie ahead thanks to new paradigms and technologies that enable more implicit and ecologically-valid research on this topic.

Fostering Social Interaction in AAL: Methodological reflections on the coupling of real household Living Lab and SmartHome approaches

i-com ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Budweg ◽  
Myriam Lewkowicz ◽  
Claudia Müller ◽  
Sandra Schering
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
User Acceptance ◽  
Mixed Method Approach ◽  
User Centred Design ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Social Tv ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Method Approach

AbstractFor user-centred design of ICT solutions in the AAL field, an approach combining real household living lab and SmartHome lab seems promising. Based on our experiences within the AAL project FoSIBLE, we propose a mixed-method approach to develop and evaluate a Social TV system from both a bird′s eye and worm′s-eye perspective in regards to user acceptance and rejection. We provide insights into the methodological strategies and analyse the strengths and weaknesses of our proposition to demonstrate how the different methodological approaches can augment each other in the different phases of AAL projects.

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