Use of Hydrolyzed Chinese Gallnut Tannic Acid in Weaned Piglets as an Alternative to Zinc Oxide: Overview on the Gut Microbiota

The effects of dietary hydrolyzed Chinese gallnut tannic acid(GCT) as a replacement for ZnO were investigated on weaned piglets. A total of 72 weaned piglets at 31 ± 1 day (six replicate pens per treatment with six piglets per pen) were selected and divided randomly into two groups: a control group, with a basal diet of + 1600 mg/kg ZnO; and a treated group, with a basal diet of + 1899.5 mg/kg GCT. Data analysis showed that the significance of average daily gain and average daily feed intake between the two groups was p = 0.731 and p = 0.799, respectively. Compared with the control group, the diarrhea rate of piglets in the treated group underwent no noticeable change on days 0–7 (p = 0.383) and 7–14 (p = 0.263), but decreased significantly on days 14–21 (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found GCT can reduce the crypt depth of the ileum and improve its antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05). High throughput sequencing showed that GCT increased the richness of the bacteria Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.005), Prevotella_2 (p = 0.046) and Lactobacillus amylovorus (p = 0.081), which are associated with the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. The study indicated that 1899.5 mg/kg GCT could be an alternative for 1600 mg/kg ZnO in the diet of piglets.

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INFLUENCE OF PORCINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF PIGS WEANED AT TWO AND THREE WEEKS OF AGE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas79-089 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 693-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. J. KENNELLY ◽

R. O. BALL ◽

F. X. AHERNE

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Stomach Tube ◽

E Coli ◽

Porcine Serum ◽

Neomycin Sulfate ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Daily Gain

Three experiments were conducted to study growth, incidence of scouring and mortality of 2- and 3-wk weaned piglets fed immunoglobulins (IMG) derived from abbatoir porcine serum. In experiment 1, 20 piglets weaned at 2 wk of age were randomly divided into a control and an IMG-treated group. In both groups 1 × 1012 organisms of a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli was administered by stomach tube. The IMG-treated group had a faster (P < 0.01) average daily gain, reduced incidence of scouring (P < 0.01) and lower mortality (P < 0.07) than the control group. In experiment 2, 36 piglets weaned at 3 wk of age were allotted to a control and IMG-treated group. In the absence of a loading dose of E. coli there were no significant differences in average daily gain, scour scores or rectal temperature between the control and the IMG-treated groups. In the third experiment, 72 piglets were weaned at 3 wk of age and randomly allotted to three treatments: a control, an IMG-treated and an antibiotic-treated (Neomycin Sulfate) group. The results of the former two groups were similar to those obtained in experiment 2. The antibiotic-treated group had a faster (P < 0.01) gain than both control and IMG group despite the similarity in the incidence of scouring.

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Effect of Zinc Source and Level on Growth Performance and Zinc Status of Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2030

Author(s):

Anna Szuba-Trznadel ◽

Anna Rząsa ◽

Tomasz Hikawczuk ◽

Bogusław Fuchs

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Therapeutic Doses ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Excessive Accumulation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation in different commercial forms on the growth performance, health status, and Zn balance of weaners in field conditions. The animals were fed pre-starter (from the 28th to 47th day of life) and starter (from the 48th to 74th day of life) mixtures differing in Zn form and concentration. Group I was given ZnSO4 at 150 mg kg−1; Group II received pre-starter zinc oxide (ZnO) at 3000 mg kg−1 and starter at 150 mg kg−1; and Group III was given 150 mg kg−1 of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO). We found that the average daily gain in Group I was significantly lower, compared to Groups II and III. A commonly accepted level of Zn (150 mg kg−1) as nZnO can be recommended, instead of therapeutic doses of Zn preparations with the same efficiency. Moreover, a lower level of Zn in the diet can prevent the excessive accumulation of this element in waste and, thus, reduce environmental damage.

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The effect of deworming naturally infected heifers on liveweight gain, reproductive performance and fecal egg counts

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas93-031 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 287-293

Author(s):

S. L. Boyles ◽

L. J. Johnson ◽

W. D. Slanger ◽

B. J. Kreft ◽

J. D. Kirsch

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Fecal Sample ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Age At Puberty ◽

Daily Gain

Twenty-six of 52 heifers with an average liveweight of 318 kg were dewormed by intraruminal injection of oxfendazole and placed in drylot on 31 January. The other 26 animals served as controls. All heifers were pastured starting on 14 June and the treatment heifers were dewormed in the same manner as at the start of the experiment (31 January) on 1 July and 31 July. The groups started out with similar total worm eggs per gram of fecal sample, but the dewormed heifers had fewer counts each month thereafter. The drylot average daily gain of the treated heifers was higher (P = 0.01) and less variable (P = 0.12) and by 29 May these animals were heavier by 11.7 kg (P = 0.10). The treated animals did not gain as fast on pasture (P = 0.20), but the gain continued to be less variable (P = 0.09). Age at puberty was not different. Number of open heifers in the treated group was 4 vs. 15% for the control group (P = 0.18). Deworming by intraruminal injection resulted in faster feedlot gains, more uniform gains during both drylot and pasture, reduced parasites and no abscess at injection sites. Key words: Anthelmintics, oxfendazole, cattle, heifers

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Garlic skin induced shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening sheep

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60203/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wen Zhu ◽

Zhen Su ◽

Wei Xu ◽

Hanxue Sun ◽

Jinfeng Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Control Group ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Background Garlic and its constituents exhibit activities on modifying rumen fermentation and improving growth performance. As a by-product of garlic processing, garlic skin contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. However, studies in ruminants using garlic skin are scarce. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on rumen fermentation characterizes, growth performance, ruminal microbes and metabolites in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of gallic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation. Results The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than that in the control group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices. Increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, Methanosphaera but a decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Fretibacterium were observed in GAS-fed lambs. In addition, the garlic skin supplementation favorably regulated (P < 0.05) pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 and B1 metabolism. Moreover, high correlations were observed between fluctuant rumen microbiota and metabolites. Conclusions Supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of sheep by modifying rumen fermentation through inducing shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.

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Effects of Maternal Supplementation with Rare Earth Elements during Late Gestation and Lactation on Performances, Health, and Fecal Microbiota of the Sows and Their Offspring

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9100738 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 738 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi Xiong ◽

Jiaman Pang ◽

Liangkang Lv ◽

Yujun Wu ◽

Na Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Maternal Supplementation ◽

Daily Gain

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal supplementation with rare earth elements (REEs) on sows and their offspring. During late gestation, 120 multiparous sows were divided randomly into the control group (Basal diet) and REE-G group (Basal diet supplemented with 200 mg REE/kg). After delivery, REE-G group was further divided into two groups: REE-L- (Change to basal diet during lactation) and REE-L+ group (REE diet all the time). Our results showed that maternal REE supplementation improved the antioxidant and immunity of sows and piglets. Additionally, REE supply during late gestation significantly decreased the coefficient of within-litter variation (CV) in birth weight and increased the weaning weights and the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets. During lactation, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in piglets of REE-L+ group were higher, while no difference between REE-L- and the control group. More beneficial bacteria (Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) were found in the REE-L+ group while some opportunistic pathogens (Proteobacteria and Campylobacter) were relatively suppressed. Fecal microbiota showed correlation with antioxidase, inflammatory factors, and average daily gain (ADG). Collectively, our findings indicated that REEs added in both gestation and lactation was more conducive to establish a healthier status for sows and their offspring.

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Garlic Skin Induced Shifts in the Rumen Microbiome and Metabolome of Fattening Sheep

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57466/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

WEN Zhu ◽

Zhen Su ◽

Wei Xu ◽

Hanxue Sun ◽

Jinfeng Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Control Group ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Background: Garlic and its constituents exhibit activities on modifying rumen fermentation and improving growth performance. As a by-product of garlic processing, garlic skin contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. However, studies in ruminants using garlic skin are scarce. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on rumen fermentation characterizes, growth performance, and involved mechanism in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of gallic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation. Results: The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than that in the control group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices. Increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, Methanosphaera but a decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Fretibacterium were observed in GAS-fed lambs. Besides, the garlic skin supplementation favorably regulated (P < 0.05) pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 and B1 metabolism. Moreover, high correlations were observed between fluctuant rumen microbiota and metabolites. Conclusions: Supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of sheep by modifying rumen fermentation through inducing shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.

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PSIX-17 Effect of imprinting with essential oils on performance parameters and diarrheas in weaned piglets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.685 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 343-344

Author(s):

Bernat Canal ◽

Mónica Puyalto ◽

Luis Mesas ◽

Cinta Sol ◽

Rhuan Chaves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Calculated Data ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Total Period ◽

Diarrhea Incidence ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of prenatal and postnatal inclusion of a combination of essential oils (EO) on performance parameters and diarrheas after 2 weeks post-weaning. The trial followed a 2x3 factorial design; 2 sow diets: basal or with EO at 375 g/t x 3 piglet diets: basal diet, medicated with 200 ppm of colistin or treated with 375 g/t of EO. A total of 168 weaned piglets were randomly distributed in the 6 groups: 3 from basal sows (CC, CA and CT) and 3 from EO sows (TC, TA and TT), being the animals from the TT treatment the ones imprinted. The incidence of diarrhea was recorded twice a day and calculated using the percentage of animals with diarrhea over the total period of observations carried out. The animals were weighed at 14 days post-weaning. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using GLM procedure of SAS. Animals from the TT group had significantly lower incidence of diarrheas from 0 to 14 days post weaning. Diarrhea was recorded on 4.7b% of the observations (TT group), being significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than the animals from CC (10.8a%), CA (13.7a%), CT (10.7a%), TC (14.4a%) and TA (12.9a%). Performance parameters indicated that there were non-significant differences in BW, ADFI, ADG with numerically lower FCR (kg/kg) 1.14 in TT group (CC 1.23, CA 1.33, CT 1.27, TC 1.22, TA 1.23). Despite the non-significant differences in performance parameters, in this study the effect of imprinting with essential oils reduced diarrhea incidence.

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The effect of dietary addition of a polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrophala Koidz on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960999013x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 147 (5) ◽

pp. 625-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

L. L. LI ◽

X. WU ◽

H. Z. PENG ◽

M. Z. FAN ◽

Z. P. HOU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Weanling Piglets ◽

Daily Gain

SUMMARYThe present study was conducted to determine the effects of a polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrophala Koidz (PAM) as a dietary additive on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty Landrace×Yorkshire piglets weaned at 28 days old (body weight 7·5±0·07 kg) were assigned to five treatment groups (three pens/group, eight piglets/pen) fed maize/soybean-based diets supplemented with 0, 3, 6 or 9 g of PAM/kg diet or antibiotics (0·4 g flavomycin/kg+0·13 g olaquindox/kg). The experimental period was 28 days. With increasing PAM supplementation levels, average daily gain was greater (quadratic, P<0·05) and the ratio of amount fed to live weight (LW) gain (feed/gain) improved (quadratic, P<0·05) during days 14–28 and overall, and diarrhoea incidence decreased (linear, P<0·05) during days 14–28. Supplementation of PAM also increased (quadratic, P<0·05) serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 on day 14, and increased (quadratic, P<0·05) IL-1β expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes. Concentrations of PAM between 6 and 9 g/kg presented the strongest bioactivity compared to the control group or antibiotic-fed group. These findings indicate that PAM is effective in improving growth performance and cytokine response, which suggests that PAM can be used as a diet additive for weanling piglets.

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The effect of fish meal in the nutrition of weaned piglets

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah2103195z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 195-202

Author(s):

Vladimir Zivkovic ◽

Cedomir Radovic ◽

Marija Gogic ◽

Nenad Stojiljkovic ◽

Sasa Obradovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Large White ◽

Weaning Piglets ◽

Second Period ◽

Daily Gain

The effects of the use of fish meal in the nutrition of weaning piglets were observed. The trial included 80 weaned piglets of the same genotype (Large White x Danish Landrace) distributed in two feeding treatments. In the first period of the experiment, animals were fed during 10 feeding days, with a prestarter mixture containing 21.1/20.8% of the crude protein. The second period lasted for 25 days and piglets were fed with mixture containing also 21.0/21.1% of the crude protein. And in the final period of the experiment, which lasted 22 feeding days, the meals were formulated to contain 19.5/19.9% of the crude protein. The control group was fed with standard farm mixtures, while the trial group were fed with mixtures containing 4/3/2% of fish meal. The obtained results showed that the use of fish meal resulted in better average daily gain and feed conversion in starter period (27-51 day).

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PSIII-15 Effect of a neuro-sensory additive on behaviour and growth of feedlot finishing beef cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 187-187

Author(s):

Andre Pastori D’Aurea ◽

Guillaume Desrousseaux ◽

Natalia Vilas Boas Fonseca ◽

Lauriston Bertelli Fernandes ◽

Rodrigo Tozetto

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Natural Additives

Abstract Combining natural additives with specific and selected neuro-sensory molecules is a possible solution to manage stress in feedlot beef cattle. The objective of this study was to compare the combination of a neuro-sensory additive (VeO) with a mix of natural additives (Fator P, Premix, Brazil) on behavior and performance. This study was conducted from May to August in the Premix Research Center, Patrocínio Paulista, Brazil. Fator P is made up of amino acids, organic minerals, probiotics, essential fatty acids and surfactant. VeO is based on a specific extract from Rutacea family. 80 Nellore bulls were randomly assigned to a control group (FP) and a treated group with 40 animals in each (10 per pen). Both groups received the same total mixed ration with the addition of a neuro-sensory additive (FPV) as the only difference. Adaptation period was considered as 21 first days out of 100 days total fattening period. Analyzed variables were eating (min/day) and rumination (min/day), average daily gain (g/day), dry matter intake (%BW) and feed conversion. Tukey test was used for comparison of means. During adaptation, animals spent 30.8 % more time ruminating. Feed conversion and DMI with FPV tended to be more efficient by 30.86% (P = 0.074) and 31.16% (P = 0.063) respectively. After 21 days, treated animals continued eating (P = 0.14) and ruminating more as well (P = 0.07). Over 100 days, bulls receiving FPV showed a higher average daily gain by 9.94% (+153 g/day, P = 0.07) consuming less feed per kg of growth (6.46 vs. 7.00; -7.7%; ns). Results showed that the use of the neuro-sensory additive with the mix of natural additives changed behavior of feedlot finishing bulls, leading to more efficient production with an increased average daily gain and an improvement of feed conversion.

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