scholarly journals Effects of Lysine Cell Mass Supplementation as a Substitute for L-Lysine·HCl on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, and Blood Profiles in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Hee-Seong Kim ◽  
Sungho Do ◽  
Hong-Jun Kim ◽  
Sung-Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Blood Profiles

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lysine cell mass (LCM) as an alternative lysine source in diets for weaning pigs on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and blood profiles. In experiment 1, a total of 200 weaning pigs, with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 1.04 kg, were allotted into one of five treatments with four replicates of 10 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The dietary treatments were composed of LCM supplementation (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0%) with partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl (0 to 0.8% for phase 1 diets and 0 to 0.07% for phase 2 diets). The BW and feed intake were recorded at the end of each phase (d 0 to 14 for phase 1, d 14 to 35 for phase 2), and diarrhea incidence was checked daily throughout the experimental period. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of pigs at 2 weeks and 5 weeks to determine the blood profiles of weaning pigs. In experiment 2, a total of 144 weaning pigs with an average BW of 6.44 ± 1.19 kg were allotted into one of six treatments with six replicates of four pigs per pen in RCBD. The dietary treatments were composed of LCM supplementation (0 to 3.5% for phase 1 diets and 0 to 2.2% for phase 2 diets) with replacement of L-lysine·HCl from 0 to 100%. In experiment 1, partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl with 0 to 1% LCM did not affect growth performance and diarrhea incidence of pigs. An increase in the LCM supplementation from 0 to 1% with partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl had no influence on the blood urea nitrogen concentrations, whereas it resulted in a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in the serum IgG concentrations for 5 weeks. In experiment 2, increasing the dietary level of LCM with replacement of L-lysine·HCl quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) ADG and G–F ratio for phase 2 and G–F ratio for the overall period such that 100% replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM decreased ADG and G–F ratio of weaning pigs. An increase in the LCM supplementation with replacement of L-lysine·HCl tended to decrease linearly (p < 0.10) the diarrhea incidence of weaning pigs for the overall period and linearly decrease (p < 0.05) the serum IgG concentrations for 2 weeks. In conclusion, partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM from 0 to 1% had no negative impacts on the growth performance, but 100% replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM decreased the growth performance of weaning pigs. Therefore, LCM could be included in the diets for weaning pigs up to 2.8% and 1.76% for phase 1 and phase 2, respectively, as a substitute for L-lysine·HCl without detrimental effects on the performance of weaning pigs.

scholarly journals PSVI-3 Dietary supplementation with coated omega-3 fatty acids has positive effects on growth performance and nutrients digestibility in weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Woo Jung Seok ◽  
Je min Ahn ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Dexin Dang ◽  
Yanjiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Weaning Pigs

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of coated omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 CFA) by corn cob power silica on performance of weaning pigs. A total of 200 weaned pigs [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc, average initial body weight at 6.97 ± 1.22 kg] were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments in a 6-week experiment in 3 phases as follows: CON, basal diet; 2) 0.3CFA, CON + phase 1(0.3% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.2% n-3CFA), phase 3(0.1% n-3CFA); 3) 0.6CFA, CON + phase 1(0.6% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.4% n-3CFA), phase 3(0.2% n-3CFA); 4) 0.9CFA, CON + phase 1(0.9% n-3CFA), phase 2(0.6% n-3CFA), phase 3 (0.3% n-3CFA). Each treatment had 10 replicates with 5 pigs (three gilts and two barrows) per replicate. The data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS as a randomized complete block design. Pen served as the experimental unit. Linear, quadratic and cubic polynomial contrasts were used to examine effect of dietary treatment with coated n-3FA in the basal diet. Variability in the data was expressed as the standard error of means and P&lt; 0.05 was considered to statistically significant. Increasing the level of n-3CFA in the diet linearly increased ADG and G/F of pigs (Table 1). Increasing the level of n-3CFA showed a linear increment in the digestibility of DM (83.59, 84.38, 85.13, 85.89 %) whereas nitrogen digestibility (81.79, 82.38, 82.96, 83.64 %) showed a trend (linear effect, p=0.0594) at the end of experiment. The fecal lactobacillus count was increased (7.22, 7.27, 7.33, 7.35 log10cfu/g) with the increase in the supplemental level of n-3CFA (linear effect; p&lt; 0.05). However, there were no differences in the concentration of serum haptoglobin, or fecal E. coli, Clostridium and Salmonella counts despite the increase in n-3CFA levels in the diet. Supplementation of the diet with coated n-3 fatty acids positively affected growth performance and digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen, and enhanced the count of lactobacillus in weaning pigs.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Dietary protease supplementation on growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
David A Clizer ◽  
Christian Ramirez-Camba ◽  
Ryan S Samuel ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effect of dietary protease supplementation on pig’s growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea in a 43-d trial. A total of 936 weaned pigs [21 d of age, initial BW 5.87 ± 0.31 kg] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 nutritional levels × 2 protease levels). The nutritional levels corresponded to a standard feeding program and a reduced feeding program (15% lower SID Lys) and without or with protease supplementation (0.0125% inclusion). Piglets were distributed in 36 pens with 26 pigs per pen and 9 replicates per dietary treatment. Pigs received a common Phase 1 diet and experimental diets in Phase 2, 3, and 4, (0.91, 3.4, 4.5, and 24.0 kg/pig, respectively). Phytase was included at 2,500 U in Phase 2 – 4, all diets met energy and AA:Lys requirements for nursery pigs. Feed intake and body weight were determined every 2 weeks. A pen fecal score assessment was performed at d7, 10, and 14. Performance data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure and fecal score data using the PROC FREQ procedure (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). No significant interactions (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between dietary treatments. From d15 to 43 and during overall experimental period, pigs fed standard diets had greater BW, ADG, and G:F (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed deficient diets (Table 1). On d7, pigs fed deficient diet had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) soft and watery feces, and consequently less normal feces compared to pigs fed standard diets (Figure 1). On d7, 10, and 14, pigs fed diets with protease supplementation had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) normal feces compared to control pigs. Overall, effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance were not expressive under the conditions of this study but protease addition benefited intestinal health of nursery pigs.

scholarly journals PSVII-18 The influence of mealworm levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune response in weaning pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Seung Min Oh ◽  
SeYoung Yoon ◽  
KwangYeol Kim ◽  
Jung Woo Choi ◽  
Abdolreza Hosseindoust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The aim of this trial was to determine the optimal supplementation mealworm on growth performance, apparent total tract retention of nutrients, hematological traits, immune response, and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 180 weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 6.27 ± 0.15 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments and 6 replicates on the basis of initial body weight and sex. The dietary treatments included a corn-based diet supplemented with 0, 2.5, or 5 % mealworm in 2 phases (0–14 and 15–28 d). The gain to feed ratio (G:F) was higher in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with 2.5% during the first phase. Overall ADG was improved in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with pigs fed 5% mealworm. No improvement in overall ADFI and G:F were observed. No digestibility responses were observed by adding mealworm to the diet, but the digestibility of DM and GE were tended to be higher in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with control in phase 1. The number of monocytes tended to be increased in pigs fed 5% mealworm. The concentration of plasma IgG was higher in pigs fed mealworm, however, the plasma IL-6 was tended to be decreased when mealworm was added to the diet (P = 0.052). There was no change in intestinal morphology with increasing dietary levels of mealworm. The results showed that the dietary supplementation of 2.5% mealworm had beneficial effects on growth performance and immune system, however, no effects were detected on growth performance when 5% mealworm was added to the diet.

Effect of dietary fermented oats in different nutrient-density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal microorganisms of weanling pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2230
Author(s):  
J. W. Park ◽  
H. L. Li ◽  
J. K. Kim ◽  
D. H. Nguyen ◽  
I. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A total of 160 crossbred weanling pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 28 days old] with an initial bodyweight of 8.01 ± 0.74 kg were used in a 42-day trial (Phase 1: Days 1–14, Phase 2: Days 14–42). The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of fermented oats (FO) to a corn and soybean meal-based diet on the performance of weanling pigs fed with high nutrient-density (HD) and low nutrient-density (LD) diets. Pigs were randomly distributed into one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two levels of nutrient density [LD = 3323 (Phase 1: 1–14 days) and 3269 kcal/kg (Phase 2: 14–42 days); HD = 3446 (Phase 1: 1–14 days) and 3325 kcal/kg (Phase 2: 14–42 days), the differences in dietary energy were based on differences in the content of fish meal, animal fat, corn and FO [0%, 5% (Phase 1) or 2.5% (Phase 2)] were used according to the bodyweight and sex of pigs [8 replicate pens per treatment with 5 pigs in a pen (3 gilts and 2 barrows)]. During the overall trial period (Days 1–42), the average daily gain and gain:feed ratio of pigs fed HD and FO diets were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those of pigs fed with LD and non-fermented oats diets respectively. On Day 14, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen of the HD groups were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than those of the LD groups. The apparent total tract digestibility of energy of the FO groups was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than that of the non-fermented oats diet groups during the whole experimental period. Pigs fed with FO showed higher (P ≤ 0.05) ileal Lactobacillus and lower (P ≤ 0.05) Escherichia coli counts compared with those fed with the non-fermented oats diet. In conclusion, administration of FO to a LD diet demonstrated beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal microorganisms balance of weanling pigs.

scholarly journals 78 Evaluation of the growth performance of finishing pigs (Genesus genetics) to titrated levels of dietary lysine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Russell W Fent ◽  
Jim D Hedges ◽  
Kelly M Peper ◽  
Dennis O Liptrap
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 1,000 Genesus (Oakville, Manitoba, Canada) genetics pigs (51.8 kg body weight) were used to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine requirement by dietary phase. Pigs were penned by sex at 25 pigs per pen. Pens were allotted to one of five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with eight replicate pens (four barrow, four gilt) per treatment. Growth performance was evaluated in four independent phases in which pens were re-allotted to dietary treatment between phases. Dietary SID Lys concentrations evaluated were 0.78, 0.88, 0.98, 1.08, and 1.18% for phase 1, 0.68, 0.77, 0.86, 0.95, and 1.04% for phase 2, 0.60, 0.67, 0.75, 0.83 and 0.90% for phase 3, and 0.53, 0.60, 0.67, 0.74, and 0.81% for phase 4. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic within each phase. During phase 1 (52-64 kg), average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased (P &lt; 0.01) quadratically with increasing SID Lys. Breakpoint analysis estimated the SID Lys requirement for ADG and G:F for phase 1 at 0.99 and 1.02%, respectively. During phase 2 (64-82 kg), ADG increased (P &lt; 0.10) quadratically as dietary SID Lys increased with a plateau observed above 0.86% SID Lys. Gain:feed increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing SID Lys. During phase 3 (82-97 kg) cost of gain was a quadratic response (P &lt; 0.10) with the breakpoint being at 0.76% SID Lys. During phase 4 (97-131 kg), a linear response (P &lt; 0.02) in G:F was observed with increasing SID Lys but with no improvement above 0.67% SID Lys. These data indicate the SID lysine requirement for Genesus finishing pigs to be approximately 0.99% (23.0 g/d) for 52-64 kg, 0.86% (21.9 g/d) for 64-82 kg, 0.76% (20.2 g/d) for 82-97 kg, and 0.67% (21.6 g/d) 97-131 kg.

scholarly journals PSIV-12 A fortified protein blend as a replacement for animal and fish proteins in nursery pig diets: Effects on growth performance, immune status, microbial metabolites, and fecal scoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Jorge Y P Palencia ◽  
Clayton S Chastain ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Kayla M Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fish Proteins

Abstract This experiment observed the effects of replacing animal and fish proteins with a fortified protein blend (PROPLEX MVP) on growth performance, immune status, microbial metabolites, and fecal scoring of nursery pigs. A total of 244 barrows and gilts [Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire), avg. 19 d age and BW 5.88 ± 1.38 kg] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 dietary treatments × 2 feeding programs). The dietary treatments were: 1) Control diet (CONT) with animal and fish proteins and 2) PROPLEX MVP (MVP100): CONT with MVP replacing 100% of the animal and fish proteins. The feeding programs for each feeding phase were: high budget (H): Phase 1: 2.3 kg/pig; Phase 2: 4.5 kg/pig; Phase 3: 6.8 kg/pig and low budget (L): Phase 1: 1.1 kg/pig; Phase 2: 2.3 kg/pig; Phase 3: 3.4 kg/pig). For d 0-7, pigs fed CONT had greater ADG, ADFI, and G:F (P < 0.001) compared to MVP100. From d 7 to 14, ADG and G:F were greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed MVP100 compared to CONT pigs and greater for pigs fed the H budget compared to the L budget (P < 0.05). Overall, d 0 to 35, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in pig final BW, overall ADG, and G:F. For week two and most of the experimental period, pigs fed CONT had greater (P < 0.05) fecal scores, more soft and watery feces, and increased diarrhea incidence compared to MVP100 pigs. The total concentration of fecal volatile fatty acids was greater (P < 0.05) in CONT compared to MVP100 fed pigs. In conclusion, the MVP protein blend can be used as a cost effective alternative to animal and fish proteins in nursery pig diets without compromising overall growth performance, immune status, and post-weaning diarrhea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dietary electrolyte balance on nursery pig performance1

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M Jones ◽  
Fangzhou Wu ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Increasing dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) has been reported to linearly improve pig growth performance up to approximately 200 to 250 mEq/kg. However, recent data indicate that increasing dietary dEB reduced growth performance of nursery pigs. To attempt to solve this discrepancy, a total of 2,880 weanling pigs (327 × 1,050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN; 5.2 kg initial BW) were used to determine the effects of increasing dEB on nursery pig performance. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and gender on arrival. Within block, pens were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments. There were 30 pigs per pen (60 pigs per double-sided feeder) and 12 replications (feeder) per treatment. Dietary treatments were fed in two phases. The phase 1 diet was based on corn–soybean meal, contained dried distillers grains with soblubles (DDGS), spray-dried whey, and specialty protein sources, and was fed from days 0 to 8. The phase 2 (days 8 to 21) diets contained corn, soybean meal, and DDGS with reduced amounts of specialty protein sources. Dietary electrolyte balance was determined using the following equation: dEB = [(Na × 434.98) + (K × 255.74) − (Cl × 282.06)] mEq/kg. The dEB of the four phase 1 diets were 84, 137, 190, and 243 mEq/kg, and dEB of the four phase 2 diets were 29, 86, 143, and 199 mEq/kg. After feeding experimental diets for 21 day, a common, commercial corn–soybean meal diet was fed to all pigs from days 21 to 35 and contained a dEB of 257 mEq/kg. During days 0 to 8, increasing dEB increased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F. From days 8 to 21, increasing dEB improved ADG (quadratic, P = 0.022) and ADFI (linear, P = 0.001), resulting in an improvement (quadratic, P = 0.001) in G:F. Overall (days 0 to 21), increasing dEB increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and improved (quadratic, P &lt; 0.001) G:F. When a common diet was fed to all pigs from days 21 to 35, there was a linear reduction in ADG and G:F with increasing dietary dEB, but no effect of ADFI. For the overall nursery period (days 0 to 35), increasing dEB from days 0 to 21 increased (linear, P &lt; 0.001) ADG and final BW, which was the result of increased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) G:F and marginally greater (linear, P = 0.077) ADFI. In conclusion, increasing dietary dEB up to 243 and 199 mEq/kg (in phases 1 and 2, respectively) in nursery diets improved growth performance of weanling pigs.

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