Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Salmonella in Hunted Wild Boars from Two Different Regions in Switzerland

Toxoplasma gondii , hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Salmonella are zoonotic foodborne pathogens that may be transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii , anti-HEV and anti- Salmonella antibodies from healthy pigs at slaughter in Switzerland. In the period of August to September 2020 diaphragm muscle of Swiss fattening pigs was collected in three Swiss abattoirs from a total of 188 farms. Two randomly chosen pig carcasses per farm were selected. On the basis of the slaughter data, the production system and the canton of origin were noted, comparing indoor (n=120) and free-range farming (n=68), and regional allocation. The meat juice of these samples was analyzed for pathogen-specific antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The seroprevalences were 1.3% for T. gondii , 71.8% for the HEV and 5.3% for Salmonella , respectively. Comparing the origins, the results of many cantons weren't meaningful due to the low number of samples. No regional accumulations were found for T. gondii and the HEV. The results showed that 2.1% of the farms had least one T. gondii seropositive animal, 80.3% had at least one HEV seropositive animal, and 8.5% had at least one Salmonella seropositive animal, respectively. The seropositivity of T. gondi i was higher in free-range pigs than in indoor pigs, whereas anti- Salmonella antibodies were more common in pigs from indoor farming than in outdoor pigs. The seroprevalence of anti HEV-Abs was similar in free-range and indoor farming pigs. Compared to studies from 2012 the seroprevalence of T. gondii has decreased whereas the seroprevalence of the HEV has increased and is highly prevalent among fattening pigs in Switzerland. The low seroprevalence of Salmonella has remained stable in recent years.

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Presence of antibodies against rabies in wild boars

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.59.2011.1.14 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 149-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gorazd Vengušt ◽

Peter Hostnik ◽

Mojca Cerovšek ◽

Polona Cilenšek ◽

Tadej Malovrh

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Oral Vaccination ◽

Hunting Season ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Research Reporting

Serum samples of 746 shot wild boars collected throughout Slovenia during the hunting season of 2005/2006 were examined for the presence of antibodies against rabies virus: 541 samples were collected in areas subjected to yearly antirabies vaccination, and 205 samples were collected in areas where preventive antirabies vaccination was not practised. Using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in 209 out of 746 sera (28%) the levels of antibodies against rabies virus were higher than 0.5 IU/ml and deemed positive. A total of 173/541 (32%) and 36/205 (18%) samples were positive in the vaccinated and nonvaccinated areas, respectively. Further analysis of 191 out of the 746 samples using the fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation (FAVN) test revealed the presence of antibodies against rabies virus in 122/191 (64%) samples. This is the first extended research reporting that antibodies against rabies virus that originate from preventive oral vaccination targeting the fox population are present in wild boar.

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Spatial distribution of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody-positive wild boars in Gifu Prefecture, Japan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96758-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Taizo Saito ◽

Yuko Kitamura ◽

Eiji Tanaka ◽

Itsuki Ishigami ◽

Yuji Taniguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Gifu Prefecture

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is a globally wide-spread parasite that infects almost all species of mammals and birds, including humans. We studied the spatial distribution of individual T. gondii-seropositive wild boar in Gifu Prefecture (10,621 km2), Japan. Altogether, 744 wild boars were captured at 663 points around human settlements in Gifu Prefecture. Serum samples were collected after recording the exact capture locations, along with each wild boar’s body length and sex. We then used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for swine to measure anti-T. gondii antibodies in these animals. Among the 744 wild boars, 169 tested positive for T. gondii (22.7%). No significant difference in T. gondii seroprevalence was observed between the mountainous northern region with high winter snow cover and the mild-wintered geographical plain of the southern part of the prefecture. In contrast, 8 of the 11 wild boars that were captured in a public park surrounded by residential areas showed T. gondii seropositivity (72.7%), a value significantly higher than those of the wild boar populations in the other prefecture areas. This in-depth analysis, which spans the big city suburbs and rural areas of a whole prefecture, explains the seroprevalence of zoonotic T. gondii in wild boar and has public health implications.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4102/sajid.v35i1.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Berta E. Van der Colf ◽

Gert U. Van Zyl ◽

Bruce H. Noden ◽

Dismas Ntirampeba

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Avidity ◽

Specific Igg

Background: When a pregnant woman contracts Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection during pregnancy, it may be vertically transmitted to the foetus. Information on the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) in developing countries is scarce. Most studies focus on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women attending public antenatal care in Windhoek, Namibia, in 2016.Methods: In this descriptive study, 344 urban pregnant women attending public antenatal care were voluntarily enrolled in the study. Seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was determined by automated immunoassay. Samples with a positive T. gondii IgG result were tested for T. gondii Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and specific IgG avidity by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. A questionnaire captured demographic data and exposure to risk factors. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and R.Results: Anti-T. gondii IgG was found in nine (2.61%) pregnant women. There was no association of anti-T. gondii IgG with demographic characteristics or exposure to risk factors.Anti-T. gondii IgM was positive in one (0.3%) woman, while three (0.9%) women had borderline anti-T. gondii IgM results. Specific IgG avidity was low, equivocal and high in 0%, 33% and 67% of seropositive pregnant women, respectively.Conclusion: Seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG is much lower in Namibia than is reported in other developing countries. Investigation into specific IgM seropositivity and IgG avidity showed that pregnant women in the central region of Namibia are at low risk of vertical transmission and development of CT.

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Hunted Wild Boars (Sus scrofa): Heart Meat Juice as an Alternative Sample to Serum for the Detection of Antibodies

EcoHealth ◽

10.1007/s10393-015-1073-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 685-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Catarina Coelho ◽

Ana Patrícia Lopes ◽

João Rodrigo Mesquita ◽

Luís Cardoso ◽

Madalena Vieira-Pinto

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Meat Juice ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum prevalence and risk factors on goat farms in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand

Veterinary Integrative Sciences ◽

10.12982/vis.2021.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74

Author(s):

Ruenruetai Udonsom ◽

◽

Jarawee Supanta ◽

Onrampha Tanglakmankhong ◽

Kanamon Ngoenphisutsin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Protozoan Parasites ◽

Confidential Interval ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Specific Igg ◽

And Control ◽

On Farm

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are apicomplexan protozoan parasites that have been associated with reproductive problems in ruminants. Despite the high seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum reported in goats worldwide, little information about the seroprevalence of these parasites in goats in Thailand. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in 389 goat samples from five districts of Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using recombinant TgGRA7 and NcSAG1 antigens was used for the detection of anti-T.gondii and anti-N.caninum antibodies, respectively. Risk factors for the occurrence of these protozoan parasites on goat farms were also assessed. Specific IgG against T. gondii and N. caninum was detected in 28.5% and 16.7% samples, respectively. Co-infections were observed in 11.8% of samples. The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence was the presence of cats (odds ratio [OR]= 2.55, 95% confidential interval [CI]=1.67- 3.89). The presence of other domestic animals on farm contributed to the risk of T. gondii and N. caninum infection on goat farms (OR=1.692, 95% CI= 1.08- 2.63). The present study provides data on the seroprevalence and risk of T. gondii and N. caninum infections among goats in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. Integrated and efficient measures are required to prevent and control infections on goat farms.

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Comparison of Serum and Meat Juice for Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Hunted Wild Boars (Sus scrofa)

Trends in Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-36488-4_15 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 79-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Ranucci ◽

F. Veronesi ◽

I. Di Matteo ◽

R. Branciari ◽

D. Miraglia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Meat Juice

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Development and evaluation of recombinant GRA8 protein for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-46170/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Charoonluk Jirapattharasate ◽

Ruenruetai Udonsom ◽

Apichai Prachasuphap ◽

Kodcharad Jongpitisub ◽

Panadda Dhepakson

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Recombinant Protein ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Western Blotting ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Field Samples ◽

Specific Igg

Abstract Background The development of sensitive and specific methods for detecting Toxoplasma gondii infection is critical for preventing and controlling toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals. Recently, various recombinant proteins have been used in serological tests for diagnosing toxoplasmosis. The production of these antigens is associated with live tachyzoites obtained from cell cultures or laboratory animals for genomic extraction to amplify target genes. Synthetic genes have gained a key role in recombinant protein production. For the first time, we demonstrated the production of the recombinant protein of the T. gondii dense granular antigen 8 (TgGRA8) gene based on commercial gene synthesis. Recombinant TgGRA8 plasmids were successfully expressed in an Escherichia coli system. The recombinant protein was affinity-purified and characterized via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Furthermore, the diagnostic potential of the recombinant protein was assessed using 306 field serum samples from goats via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and the latex agglutination test (LAT).Results Western blotting using known positive serum samples from goats identified a single antigen at the expected molecular weight of TgGRA8 (27 kDa). iELISA illustrated that 15.40% of goat samples were positive for T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. In addition, TgGRA8 provided high sensitivity and specificity, with significant concordance (91.83) and kappa values (0.69) compared with the results obtained using LAT.Conclusion Our findings highlight the production of a recombinant protein from a synthetic TgGRA8 gene and the ability to detect T. gondii infection in field samples. The sensitivity and specificity of TgGRA8 demonstrated that this protein could be a good serological marker for detecting specific IgG in goat sera

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Development and Evaluation of Recombinant GRA8 Protein for the Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Goats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-46170/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Charoonluk Jirapattharasate ◽

Ruenruetai Udonsom ◽

Apichai Prachasuphap ◽

Kodcharad Jongpitisub ◽

Panadda Dhepakson

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Recombinant Protein ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Western Blotting ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Field Samples ◽

Specific Igg

Abstract Background The development of sensitive and specific methods for detecting Toxoplasma gondii infection is critical for preventing and controlling toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals. Recently, various recombinant proteins have been used in serological tests for diagnosing toxoplasmosis. The production of these antigens is associated with live tachyzoites obtained from cell cultures or laboratory animals for genomic extraction to amplify target genes. Synthetic genes have gained a key role in recombinant protein production. For the first time, we demonstrated the production of the recombinant protein of the T. gondii dense granular antigen 8 (TgGRA8) gene based on commercial gene synthesis. Recombinant TgGRA8 plasmids were successfully expressed in an Escherichia coli system. The recombinant protein was affinity-purified and characterized via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Furthermore, the diagnostic potential of the recombinant protein was assessed using 306 field serum samples from goats via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and the latex agglutination test (LAT).Results Western blotting using known positive serum samples from goats identified a single antigen at the expected molecular weight of TgGRA8 (27 kDa). iELISA illustrated that 15.40% of goat samples were positive for T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. In addition, TgGRA8 provided high sensitivity and specificity, with significant concordance (91.83) and kappa values (0.69) compared with the results obtained using LAT.Conclusion Our findings highlight the production of a recombinant protein from a synthetic TgGRA8 gene and the ability to detect T. gondii infection in field samples. The sensitivity and specificity of TgGRA8 demonstrated that this protein could be a good serological marker for detecting specific IgG in goat sera.

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High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild boars hunted in the Game Breeding Center in north-eastern Poland

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (11) ◽

pp. 6345-2019

Author(s):

AGNIESZKA WISZNIEWSKA-ŁASZCZYCH ◽

BEATA WYSOK ◽

JOANNA WOJTACKA ◽

JOANNA SZTEYN ◽

MIROSŁAW M. MICHALSKI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Age Groups ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Local Climate ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Breeding Center ◽

North Eastern

Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan. The main source of infection for humans is meat contaminated with tissue cysts, the main invasive form of the parasite. The muscle tissue of seropositive animals of the family Suidae, subfamily Sus (domestic pig, wild boar) are the most common sources of infections with Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infections in the meat of wild boars (Sus scrofa) based on measurements of T. gondii antibodies in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One hundred samples of muscle tissue were obtained from wild boars hunted in the Game Breeding Center in north-eastern Poland. The animals were divided into three age groups: weaners (27), subadults (38) and adults (35). The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was very high in the analyzed population, and 71% of the animals were classified as seropositive in ELISA. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 62.9% of weaners, 73.6% of subadults and 74.2% of adult boars. The seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies was significantly higher in the animals hunted in the Game Breeding Center in comparison with the national average determined by other authors. Such extensive spread of the parasite in the natural environment can be attributed to geographic location, landform, presence of waterbodies, local climate, the size of the wild boar population and the spread of castor bean ticks (Ixodes ricinus).

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