scholarly journals Canine and Feline Testicular Preservation

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fast Freezing

The increased interest in breeding dogs and cats and their use as models for other canids and felids demand research to improve reproductive techniques. Among them, testicular cryopreservation stands out. Testicular cryopreservation enables the maintenance of reproductive capacity and allows the establishment of germplasm banks for several species of commercial value or at risk of extinction. Furthermore, it enables the transport of genetic material among different regions. It is noteworthy that this biotechnology represents the only possibility of preserving the fertility of prepubertal animals that have died, so it has great importance in the propagation of the genetic material of animals. The spermatogonia present in the testes can be cultivated in vitro and the sperm obtained can be used in artificial reproduction programs. Although advances have been achieved with the use of testicular fragments to obtain viable and functional germ cells, the establishment of protocols that can be used in clinical routine have not been concluded yet. The testicular cryopreservation process can be carried out through techniques such as slow freezing, fast freezing and vitrification. However, the protocols used for the canine and feline species are still in the experimental phase. Given the importance of the topic, the aim of this review is to draw a profile of the subject approaching the main works on testicular cryopreservation in dogs and cats.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of testicular tissue: an alternative to maintain the reproductive capacity in different animal species

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baruc Cruvinel Lima ◽  
Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT: Cryopreservation of testicular tissue enables the maintenance of reproductive capacity in different animal species, and contributes to the formation of gene banks for endangered species. The spermatogonia present in the testes can be grown in vitro and the sperm obtained can be used in artificial breeding programs. This review aimed to describe the main techniques of testicular cryopreservation, the main cryoprotectants used, as well as the progress made in different animal species thus far. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in obtaining viable and functional germ cells from testicular tissue. However, more research is needed to better establish protocols that can be used in clinical practice with various species.

scholarly journals Prawo do poznania matki biologicznej według krajowego prawa rodzinnego

2014 ◽  
pp. 129-154
Author(s):  
Dorota Krekora-Zając
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Biological Mother ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Polish Code ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
In Vitro Treatment

The subject of this article is an analysis whether on the grounds of Polish Code on Family and Guardianship it is possible to determine the one's right to recognize his/her mother. Introduction to the Polish Code on Family and Guardianship a legal definition of mother and claims for establish or denial of one's motherhood was legislator's attempt to regulate the civil status of child. Development of the in vitro treatment may lead to situation where one women would be donor of a germ cells while other women would bear a child. The article therefore provides an analysis of legal consequences of this amendment to the code in respect to legal regulation on motherhood. In particularly the issues of admissibility of claims for recognize one's genetic and biological mother as well as evidence limitation in this kind of cases would be addressed in the article.

scholarly journals An efficient in vitro regeneration system via callus from hypocotyl and root of Iris laevigata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyi Li ◽  
Lijuan Fan ◽  
Haijing Fu ◽  
Yujia Liu ◽  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract Background Iris laevigata is an ornamental plant with strong cold resistance. However, its low reproductive capacity limits its landscape applications. The I. laevigata wild genetic resources also need to be protected. In order to develop an effective regeneration system, the optimum agar concentration for the induction medium was determined. Two explants (hypocotyl and root) were then cultured on medium containing different concentrations of plant growth regulator (PGR). In addition, three antibiotics were evaluated for controlling endophyte contamination. Results The highest induction rate (75.00%) was obtained from hypocotyl explants on Murashige and Skoog salt mixture (MS) medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) 0.5 mg L-1 + 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 1.0 mg L-1 + 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) 0.4 mg L-1. The medium containing 6-BA 0.5 mg L-1 + 2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1 + NAA 0.2 mg L-1 achieved the greatest multiplication rate (73.33%). Media containing indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.5 mg L-1 + 6-BA 1.5 mg L-1 + NAA 1.0 mg L-1 achieved the highest differentiation rate (39.72%) for hypocotyl induced calli. Medium containing 6-BA 2.0 mg L-1 + NAA 0.4 mg L-1 + kinetin (KT) 1.0 mg L-1 resulted in the highest differentiation rate (49.52%) for root induced calli. One hundred mg L-1 penicillin G resulted in the optimal rate for reducing endophyte contamination. Conclusions The research determined the optimum PGR concentrations for inducting and multiplying I. laevigata calli from hypocotyl and root explants and a satisfactory means for control endophyte contamination. This research will result in the efficient and reliable reproduction of I. laevigata for landscape applications, genetic development of new Iris varieties, and preservation of the wild genetic material.

Relationship between ambient temperature and acetylating capacity of human blood

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Blondheim ◽  
Gabriel Neumann ◽  
Edna Kott ◽  
Zena Ben-Ishai
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Heat Acclimatization ◽  
The Subject

The ability of human blood to acetylate p-aminobenzoic acid, determined in vitro, varied directly with the ambient temperature to which the subject was exposed before the blood was drawn. This was demonstrated by 135 determinations of the acetylating ability of the blood of 49 subjects performed over a period of 3 years, and also in acute experiments in which subjects were exposed to 6 and 37 C for up to 2 hr. Variations in the acetylating ability of blood may reflect the activity of metabolic mechanisms involved in thermal homeostasis. aromatic amines; p-aminobenzoic acid; cold; heat acclimatization; (blood) enzymes; weather; environment Submitted on September 11, 1962

scholarly journals Transcription of 4′-thioDNA templates to natural RNA in vitro and in mammalian cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (37) ◽  
pp. 7887-7890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Maruyama ◽  
Kazuhiro Furukawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Kamiya ◽  
Noriaki Minakawa ◽  
Akira Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Rna Polymerases ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Modified Nucleic Acids

Synthetic chemically modified nucleic acids, which are compatible with DNA/RNA polymerases, have great potential as a genetic material for synthetic biological studies.

scholarly journals Formative pluripotent stem cells show features of epiblast cells poised for gastrulation

Cell Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Yunlong Xiang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Mouse Escs ◽  
Epiblast Stem Cells ◽  
Early Gastrula

AbstractThe pluripotency of mammalian early and late epiblast could be recapitulated by naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primed epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), respectively. However, these two states of pluripotency may not be sufficient to reflect the full complexity and developmental potency of the epiblast during mammalian early development. Here we report the establishment of self-renewing formative pluripotent stem cells (fPSCs) which manifest features of epiblast cells poised for gastrulation. fPSCs can be established from different mouse ESCs, pre-/early-gastrula epiblasts and induced PSCs. Similar to pre-/early-gastrula epiblasts, fPSCs show the transcriptomic features of formative pluripotency, which are distinct from naïve ESCs and primed EpiSCs. fPSCs show the unique epigenetic states of E6.5 epiblast, including the super-bivalency of a large set of developmental genes. Just like epiblast cells immediately before gastrulation, fPSCs can efficiently differentiate into three germ layers and primordial germ cells (PGCs) in vitro. Thus, fPSCs highlight the feasibility of using PSCs to explore the development of mammalian epiblast.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial enrichment in infertile patients: a review of different mitochondrial replacement therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 263349412110235
Author(s):  
Cristina Rodríguez-Varela ◽  
Sonia Herraiz ◽  
Elena Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
External Source ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Third Party ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Transfer ◽  
Infertile Patients

Poor ovarian responders exhibit a quantitative reduction in their follicular pool, and most cases are also associated with poor oocyte quality due to patient’s age, which leads to impaired in vitro fertilisation outcomes. In particular, poor oocyte quality has been related to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or low mitochondrial count as these organelles are crucial in many essential oocyte processes. Therefore, mitochondrial enrichment has been proposed as a potential therapy option in infertile patients to improve oocyte quality and subsequent in vitro fertilisation outcomes. Nowadays, different options are available for mitochondrial enrichment treatments that are encompassed in two main approaches: heterologous and autologous. In the heterologous approach, mitochondria come from an external source, which is an oocyte donor. These techniques include transferring either a portion of the donor’s oocyte cytoplasm to the recipient oocyte or nuclear material from the patient to the donor’s oocyte. In any case, this approach entails many ethical and safety concerns that mainly arise from the uncertain degree of mitochondrial heteroplasmy deriving from it. Thus the autologous approach is considered a suitable potential tool to improve oocyte quality by overcoming the heteroplasmy issue. Autologous mitochondrial transfer, however, has not yielded as many beneficial outcomes as initially expected. Proposed mitochondrial autologous sources include immature oocytes, granulosa cells, germline stem cells, and adipose-derived stem cells. Presently, it would seem that these autologous techniques do not improve clinical outcomes in human infertile patients. However, further trials still need to be performed to confirm these results. Besides these two main categories, new strategies have arisen for oocyte rejuvenation by improving patient’s own mitochondrial function and avoiding the unknown consequences of third-party genetic material. This is the case of antioxidants, which may enhance mitochondrial activity by counteracting and/or preventing oxidative stress damage. Among others, coenzyme-Q10 and melatonin have shown promising results in low-prognosis infertile patients, although further randomised clinical trials are still necessary.

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