Sweet Corn Stalk Treated with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Alone or in Combination with Lactobacillus Plantarum: Nutritional Composition, Fermentation Traits and Aerobic Stability

This study examined the effects of a high-dose Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculant alone or jointly with Lactobacillus plantarum on nutrient preservation, fermentation quality, and aerobic stability of sweet corn stalk silage. Fresh stalks (231 g dry matter (DM)/kg) were chopped and subjected to the following treatments: (1) deionized water (Uninoculated; U); (2) S. cerevisiae at 1 × 108 cfu/g of fresh forage (S); and (3) S. cerevisiae at 1 × 108 cfu/g plus L. plantarum at 1 × 105 cfu/g (SL). Treated stalks were ensiled in 5-litre laboratory silos for 30, 60, and 90 d. The S and SL silages had a greater (p < 0.001) pH and greater crude protein, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and ethanol contents at all three ensiling periods than the U silage. Acetate, propionate and volatile fatty acids in the S and SL silages after 30 and 90 d of ensiling were greater (p < 0.05) than those in the U silage, but they were lower (p < 0.05) in the S and SL silages than in the U silage after 60 d. The lactate and V-score of the S and SL silages were lower (p < 0.001) than those of the U silage at all three ensiling periods. Compared with the U group, the aerobic stability of the S silage after 90 d of ensiling decreased (p < 0.05), and the aerobic stability of the SL silage was unaffected (p > 0.05). Overall, the quality of sweet corn stalk silage was not improved by inoculation with 108 cfu/g of S. cerevisiae alone or in combination with 1 × 105 cfu/g of L. plantarum.

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Effects of a high-dose Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculum alone or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum on the nutritional composition and fermentation traits of maize silage

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18701 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 833

Author(s):

X. L. Zhou ◽

Z. Ouyang ◽

X. L. Zhang ◽

Y. Q. Wei ◽

S. X. Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

High Dose ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Aerobic Stability

Context The inoculation of silage with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to deliver viable yeast cells is a novel concept. Aims The effects of a high-dose S. cerevisiae inoculum alone or combined with Lactobacillus plantarum on the nutritional composition, fermentation traits and aerobic stability of maize silage were studied after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage. Methods Whole-crop maize (309.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg as fed) was subjected to one of three treatments: deionised water (untreated control); S. cerevisiae at an estimated concentration of 108 CFU/g fresh forage (S); or S. cerevisiae at an estimated concentration of 108 CFU/g and L. plantarum at an estimated concentration of 105 CFU/g of fresh forage (SL). Key results Compared with the control, the S and SL groups showed increases (P < 0.001) in average pH (3.98 in S and 4.01 in SL vs 3.65 in the control), crude protein (85 g/kg DM in S and 80 g/kg DM in SL vs 63 g/kg DM in the control) and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (122.2 g/kg in S and 163.9 g/kg in SL vs 52.9 g/kg in the control) but a lower (P < 0.001) average concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate (0.9 g/kg DM in S and 0.7 g/kg DM in SL vs 2.3 g/kg DM in the control). The levels of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were greater (P < 0.001) in S silage than in the control and SL silages, and the hemicellulose level was lower (P = 0.004) in the SL group than the control and S groups. Starch and aerobic stability were unaffected by treatment, and the average lactate and ethanol concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) in the S (53.7 g lactate/kg DM and 28.7 g ethanol/kg DM) and SL (56.9 g lactate/kg DM and 21.4 g ethanol/kg DM) groups than the control (40.1 g lactate/kg DM and 5.3 g ethanol/kg DM) over 90 days of ensiling. Conclusions Overall, a high-dose inoculum of S. cerevisiae alone or combined with L. plantarum affected the nutritional composition and fermentation traits of maize silage. Implications The inoculation of maize silage with a high dose of S. cerevisiae needs to be performed with caution.

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Effect of microbial inoculants on the chemical composition and aerobic stability of Tanzania guinea grass silages

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v51i1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

V.H. Bumbieris Junior ◽

E.H. Horst ◽

V.A.P. Guimarães ◽

F.L. Massaro Junior ◽

G.J. Moraes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

The Other ◽

Pediococcus Acidilactici ◽

Microbial Inoculants ◽

Ph Values ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Guinea Grass

The present study evaluated the effects of microbial inoculants on chemical changes and aerobic stability efficiency in Tanzania guinea grass silage. The treatments consisted of C: silage without inoculant; I: silage inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum (CCT 0580) 8.0 x 109 CFU g-1, Bacillus subtilis (CCT 0089) 2.0 x 109 CFU g-1, and Pediococcus acidilactici (CCT 2553) 1.0 x 1010 CFU g-1, and L: silage inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum (CCT 0580) 2.6 x 1010 CFU g-1 and Pediococcus pentosaceus (CCT 7659) 2.6 x 1010 CFU g-1. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications. There were no treatment effects on the nutritional composition of the silages, but both inoculants were effective in reducing the pH of the silage to 4.80 and 4.83 for I and L, respectively, compared with 5.04 for C. Silage with L had a lower ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) content than the other silages (9.83%). Despite the lower pH values, the use of inoculants did not reduce fungal and yeast counts or improve the aerobic stability of Tanzania guinea grass silages.

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Effects of Class IIa Bacteriocin-Producing Lactobacillus Species on Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Alfalfa Silage

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1575

Author(s):

Fuhou Li ◽

Zitong Ding ◽

Adegbola T. Adesogan ◽

Wencan Ke ◽

Yun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Alfalfa Silage

The effects of two strains of class IIa bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus delbrueckii F17 and Lactobacillus plantarum (BNCC 336943), or a non-bacteriocin Lactobacillus plantarum MTD/1 (NCIMB 40027), on fermentation quality, microbial counts, and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage were investigated. Alfalfa was harvested at the initial flowering stage, wilted to a dry matter concentration of approximately 32%, and chopped to 1 to 2 cm length. Chopped samples were treated with nothing (control, CON), Lactobacillus delbrueckii F17 (F17), Lactobacillus plantarum (BNCC 336943) (LPB), or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD/1 (NCIMB 40027) (LPN), each at an application rate of 1 × 106 colony-forming units/g of fresh weight. Each treatment was ensiled in quadruplicate in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags packed with 500 g of fresh alfalfa per bag and ensiled at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) for 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. The samples were then subjected to an aerobic stability test after 60 days of ensiling. Compared with the CON silage, the inoculants reduced the pH after 14 days of ensiling. After 60 days, pH was lowest in the LPB-treated silage, followed by the F17 and LPN-treated silages. Inoculation of F17 increased concentrations of lactic acid in silages fermented for 7, 14, 30, and 60 days relative to other treatments, except for the LPN-treated silages ensiled for 30 and 60 days, in which the lactic acid concentrations were similar to that of F17 silage. Application of F17 and LPB decreased the number of yeast and mold relative to CON and LPN-treated silages. Compared with the CON silage, inoculant-treated silages had greater aerobic stability, water-soluble carbohydrate, and crude protein concentrations, and lower neutral detergent fiber, amino acid nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations. The LPB-treated silage had the greatest aerobic stability followed by the F17-treated silage. Both class IIa bacteriocin producing inoculants improved alfalfa silage fermentation quality, reduced the growth of yeasts and molds, and improved the aerobic stability of the ensiled forage to a greater extent than the proven LPN inoculant. However, higher crude protein concentration and lower ammonia nitrogen concentration were observed in LPN-treated silage relative to other treatments.

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Fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages prepared with whole-plant corn (Zea mays L.) and hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15874 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1860 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

XianJun Yuan ◽

AiYou Wen ◽

Jian Wang ◽

JunFeng Li ◽

Seare T. Desta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Stability Test ◽

Small Scale ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Fermentation Quality

This study was carried out to assess the effects of adding Lactobacillus plantarum, molasses or/and ethanol on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage, which is well accepted in small-scale dairy farms in Tibet. Total mixed ration were ensiled in laboratory silos (1 L) and treated with (1) no additive (Control), (2) ethanol (E, 25 ml/kg fresh weight (FW)), (3) molasses (M, 30 g/kg FW); (4) Lactobacillus plantarum (L, 106cfu/g FW); (5) ethanol + molasses (EM); and (6) ethanol + Lactobacillus plantarum (EL). After 45 days of ensiling, six silos per treatment were opened for the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility analyses, whereas 18 silos were used for the aerobic stability test for the following 9 days. All TMR silages were well preserved with dominant lactic acid (LA), low pH and ammonia nitrogen, and negligible propionic and butyric acid. The L and EL silages had the lowest pH and highest LA concentrations. The addition of ethanol did not inhibit silage fermentation as there were no significant differences for the pH, LA, acetic acid, negligible propionic acid or ammonia nitrogen content, lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts between Control and the E silage. During the aerobic stability test, pH increased by 1.39, 1.67, 1.69 and 0.74 for the Control, M, L and EM silages, but only 0.40 and 0.34 for E and EL silages, respectively. Upon exposure to air, the LA concentration in the L silage was evidently (P < 0.05) decreased, whereas LA concentration in the EL silage remained the highest value after the third day of aerobic exposure. Mean populations of aerobic bacteria and yeast in the E and EL silages were lower (P < 0.05) than those of the Control. These findings suggested that L. plantarum is effective in improving fermentation quality of TMR silages. Although the addition of ethanol in our study did not depress the fermentation of the TMR silages, it showed potential to inhibit the aerobic spoilage of TMR silages, either alone or in combination with the L. plantarum. It is concluded that L. plantarum combined with ethanol not only ensures better fermentation but also could improve aerobic stability.

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Intake, digestibility and aerobic stability of barley silage inoculated with mixtures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas95-062 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 425-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

T. A. McAllister ◽

L. B. Selinger ◽

L. R. McMahon ◽

H. D. Bae ◽

T. J. Lysyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Barley Silage

The effect of ensiling barley treated with two bacterial inoculants containing mixtures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium (1.0 × 105 cfu g−1 as fed silage) on the nutritional value and aerobic stability of barley silage was examined. Inoculants differed in the strains they contained and were originally selected by Pioneer Hi-Bred International for use with corn or alfalfa silage, SILA-BAC® (1174), or with grass silage (X2637). Concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were higher (P < 0.05) in inoculated than in control silages. Although inoculants appeared to increase the numbers of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) at ensiling, post-ensiling numbers (cfu g−1) of yeasts and molds were lower (P < 0.05) in inoculated than in control silages. Lactic acid concentrations and pH were similar among the silages and variations m the growth of yeast and mold populations could not be explained by differences in the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) among silages. Inoculation of barley silage with either inoculant increased (P < 0.01) the average daily gain of lambs. A digestibility experiment with 12 growing ram lambs showed that inoculants did not alter (P > 0.05) DM intake, feed efficiency or the digestion of DM, organic matter, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Nitrogen intake and retention were greater (P < 0.05) in lambs fed silage inoculated with 1174 as compared with control silage. Yeast populations were increased (P < 0.05) in control and 1174 after 2 d of exposure to air but it required 13 d for a similar yeast population to be established in X2637 silage. Increases in the mold populations within the silages were noted after 2, 5 and 13 d of exposure to air for control, 1174 and X2637, respectively. The temperature of control silage increased (P < 0.05) 2 d after exposure to air, whereas increases in temperature were delayed for 4 d in 1174 and 8 d in X2637. Temperatures rose as high as 30 °C in control silage, but did not exceed 24 °C in inoculated silages during the 13 d period. Key words: Barley silage, inoculant, digestion, aerobic stability, sheep, gain

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EFFECT OF ADDITION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MOLASSES AND LIQUID WHEY ON FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF DATE PALM PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA LEAVES SILAGE AND ITS NUTRITIVE VALUE

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 977-988

Author(s):

Saeed & et al.

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Date Palm ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Two Factors ◽

Ground Wheat ◽

Light Green

Factorial experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of two factors, molasses (M) and liquid whey (LW) on fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of date palm leaves (DPL). Fresh DPL was chopped into 1-2 cm and treated with treatment solutions prepared by addition of 5, 7.5 or 10% of M together with 3 levels of LW on basis of nitrogen content equivalent to 0, 1 or 1.5% of urea. Ground wheat straw was added to each sample at rate of 50 g. Materials were packed into double nylon sacs and ensiled for 60 days. Samples of DPL were appeared firmly connected and most of them acquired yellowish to light green color with emission of an apple-date vinegar smell. Results revealed that there was a significant (P˂0.01) decrease in dry matter and crude fiber contents with increasing M levels. In DPL silages prepared with 10% of M, these contents were 30.04 and 34.70% respectively. Crude protein content was significantly increased (P˂0.01) from 6.39 to 7.32 and 7.32% for 0, 1 and 1.5% levels of LW respectively. This was associated with a significant (P˂0.05) decrease in fat content. All samples of DPL silages were characterized with good quality as evidenced by fermentation characteristics. There was a significant (P˂0.01) decrease in pH accompanied with an increase (P˂0.01) in ammonia nitrogen concentration. Values ranged between 3.85 to 3.78 and 3.84 to 4.32% of total nitrogen for the 1st and 2nd parameters due to the addition of low and high levels of M respectively. Addition of LW at 1 and 1.5% levels decreased (P˂0.05) pH from 3.85 to 3.81 and 3.81, but concentrations of total volatile fatty acids were increased (P˂0.01) from 2.29 to 2.97 and 3.11% of DM. Results showed that increasing level of M to 7.5 and 10% increased (P˂0.01) DM loss from 12 to 17.78%, but it improved (P˂0.01) aerobic stability. Samples of DPL silages prepared with addition of 1.5% of LW resisted for longer (P˂0.01) period (55.58 hours) before signs of aerobic deterioration were appeared.

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ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN COBS AS AFFECTED BY ADDITION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF UREA AND SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v48ispecial.250 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (Special) ◽

Author(s):

Saeed & Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Corn Cobs ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Different Levels

This study was carried out in vitro to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of dates honey (DH) as soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and urea on fermentation quality and nutritive value of corn cobs silages (CCS). CC was ensiled with 4 levels of DH, 4, 6, 8 or 10% and 3 levels of urea 0, 1.5 or 3%. CCS samples were packed in double layer nylon bags and kept anaerobically for 60 days. Results revealed that color of CCS samples were ranged between yellow and brown. Smell of diluted vinegar was detected in samples made with addition of DH only, whereas, those made with addition of low and high levels of urea were characterized with smell of diluted and concentrated ammonia respectively. Increasing DH level from 4 to 10% significantly (P˂0.05) decrease in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose by 2.42 and 2.69% respectively, with significant (P˂0.01) increase in crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE). Significant (P˂0.05) decrease in crude fiber (CF) and NDF with significant (P˂0.01) increase in CP and cellulose contents were noticed due to addition of urea. Results also showed a trend for pH to be reduced (P˂0.01) with increasing level of DH, but different responses to increased urea levels were shown, where values were 5.91, 6.17 and 6.95 at levels of 0, 1.5 and 3%. Increasing DH level (6 and 8%) significantly (P˂0.01) decrease silage ammonia nitrogen concentration as a percentage of total nitrogen (18.52 and 18.35) and increase concentration of total volatile fatty acids as a percentage of silage dry matter (DM) at higher levels (6.73 and 8.24%), however both concentrations were reversely responded to increase urea level. Lower DM loss and buffering capacity (BC) were recorded at the lower level of DH (41.86 and 43.60 meq NaOH/100 g DM), whereas the higher level was associated with better Fleig point (Fp). Regarding effect of levels of urea, lower (P˂0.01) DM loss and BC with higher (P˂0.01) Fp at the lower level were observed, the later was 63.16. Results of study also revealed that increasing level of DH decreased aerobic stability of CCS samples to 41 hours (h), but higher value of 43.5 was recorded at higher level of urea. Results also showed that in vitro DM digestibility of CCS was (P˂0.05) improved due to increasing levels of DH and urea, however, lower (P˂0.05) values were obtained with lower levels of these additives.

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Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9050879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 879

Author(s):

Seong-Shin Lee ◽

Jeong-Seok Choi ◽

Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽

Young-Ho Joo ◽

Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lactobacillus Brevis ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Fiber Digestibility ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

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