scholarly journals Variance of Zein Protein and Starch Granule Morphology between Corn and Steam Flaked Products Determined Starch Ruminal Degradability Through Altering Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria Attachment

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
NingNing Xu ◽  
DiMing Wang ◽  
JianXin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Gelatinized Starch ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Median Particle ◽  
Zein Protein

The current study investigated differences of γ-zein protein contents and starch granule characteristics between raw and steam flaked corns and their influences on ruminal starch hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) attached to corn grain. Two types of raw (Corn1 and Corn2) and their steam-flaked products (SFCorn1 and SFCorn2) were applied to explore physiochemical structures and SHB attachment. SDS-PAGE was conducted to detect γ-zein protein patterns, scanning electron microscope, and small angle X-ray scattering were performed to obtain starch granule morphology, while crystallinity, DQ starch, and DAPI staining were applied to quantify SHB. The steam flaking process destroyed γ-zein proteins and gelatinized starch granules. The median particle size of Corn1 and Corn2 starch granules increased from 17.8 and 18.0 μm to 30.8 and 26.0 μm, but crystallinity decreased from 22.0 and 25.0% to 9.9 and 16.9%, respectively. The percentage of SHB attached to Corn1 residues decreased (p = 0.01) after 4 h incubation, but SHB attached to SFCorn1 residues increased (p = 0.03) after 12 h incubation. Thus, the differences of γ-zein proteins and starch granule physiochemical structures between raw and steam flaked corn played an important role in improving the rate and extent of starch ruminal degradation through altering the process of SHB attached to corn.

scholarly journals Intra-Sample Heterogeneity of Potato Starch Reveals Fluctuation of Starch-Binding Proteins According to Granule Morphology

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Stanislas Helle ◽  
Fabrice Bray ◽  
Jean-Luc Putaux ◽  
Jérémy Verbeke ◽  
Stéphanie Flament ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Sample Heterogeneity ◽  
Amylopectin Structure ◽  
Unimodal Pattern

Starch granule morphology is highly variable depending on the botanical origin. Moreover, all investigated plant species display intra-tissular variability of granule size. In potato tubers, the size distribution of starch granules follows a unimodal pattern with diameters ranging from 5 to 100 µm. Several evidences indicate that granule morphology in plants is related to the complex starch metabolic pathway. However, the intra-sample variability of starch-binding metabolic proteins remains unknown. Here, we report on the molecular characterization of size-fractionated potato starch granules with average diameters of 14.2 ± 3.7 µm, 24.5 ± 6.5 µm, 47.7 ± 12.8 µm, and 61.8 ± 17.4 µm. In addition to changes in the phosphate contents as well as small differences in the amylopectin structure, we found that the starch-binding protein stoichiometry varies significantly according to granule size. Label-free quantitative proteomics of each granule fraction revealed that individual proteins can be grouped according to four distinct abundance patterns. This study corroborates that the starch proteome may influence starch granule growth and architecture and opens up new perspectives in understanding the dynamics of starch biosynthesis.

Production and Characterization of Porous Starch Granule and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blend as a Bio-Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1513-1521
Author(s):  
Sirirat Thothong ◽  
Klanarong Sriroth ◽  
Rattana Tantatherdtam ◽  
Amnat Jarerat
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Granular Starch

To improve the miscibility of native rice starch granules and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT), rice starch was hydrolyzed by a mixture of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The obtained porous rice granular starch was then mechanically blended with PBAT by single screw extruder. Many pits and holes on the surface of starch granules were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rough surface of the rice starch granules improved the compatibility of the polymers in the blends, which consequently increased the tensile strength and the elongation at break. In addition, SEM also revealed that the porous granules were homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix with no appearance of gaps.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genotoxicity of the aqueous extracts from wild Artemisia herba-alba and Jasmina montana against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in Cucurbita pepo plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Heba A. Mahfouze ◽  
Sherin A. Mahfouze ◽  
Mahmoud E. S. Ottai
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Sds Page

Squash or cucurbit (Cucurbita pepo) is one of the famous and important vegetable plants in most world countries. The squash is infected by the critical Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in Egypt. Though pesticides can protect the plants of pest infections, there are no effective compounds that can be applied as virucides. In this work, the effects of aqueous extracts from Jasmina montana and Artemisia herba-alba on ZYMV infection in the squash plants were examined. In addition, SDS-PAGE protein patterns and enzyme activities were evaluated and induction of resistance by plant elicitors against ZYMV was studied The results observed that using of the aqueous extracts from A. herba-alba or J. montana extracts prior to ZYMV inoculation recorded 100% inhibition of virus infection. Also, complete inhibition was obtained by treatment of A. herba-alba extract with the virus inoculum led to destroy the virus particles due to presence of the effective compounds (terpens, phenolics and the essential oils) in the plant extract. SDS-PAGE protein profiles and enzyme activities were studied in treated and untreated plants. Genomic DNA variation was studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) loci. The alterations in RAPD and ISSR assays of representative squash plants can be applied to comprehend of induced systemic resistance. These inducers stimulated resistance in the squash plants. Therefore, elicitors should be taken into consideration in the breeding programs for ZYMV control.

scholarly journals Starch Granule Size and Morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch-Related Mutants Analyzed during Diurnal Rhythm and Development

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5859
Author(s):  
Qingting Liu ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Joerg Fettke
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Transitory Starch ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Safranin O

Transitory starch plays a central role in the life cycle of plants. Many aspects of this important metabolism remain unknown; however, starch granules provide insight into this persistent metabolic process. Therefore, monitoring alterations in starch granules with high temporal resolution provides one significant avenue to improve understanding. Here, a previously established method that combines LCSM and safranin-O staining for in vivo imaging of transitory starch granules in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana was employed to demonstrate, for the first time, the alterations in starch granule size and morphology that occur both throughout the day and during leaf aging. Several starch-related mutants were included, which revealed differences among the generated granules. In ptst2 and sex1-8, the starch granules in old leaves were much larger than those in young leaves; however, the typical flattened discoid morphology was maintained. In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed. With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4. Thus, the presented data provide new insights to contribute to the understanding of starch granule morphogenesis.

scholarly journals A carbohydrate-binding protein, B-GRANULE CONTENT 1, influences starch granule size distribution in a dose-dependent manner in polyploid wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tansy Chia ◽  
Marcella Chirico ◽  
Rob King ◽  
Ricardo Ramirez-Gonzalez ◽  
Benedetta Saccomanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
Gene Dose ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
B Granules

Abstract In Triticeae endosperm (e.g. wheat and barley), starch granules have a bimodal size distribution (with A- and B-type granules) whereas in other grasses the endosperm contains starch granules with a unimodal size distribution. Here, we identify the gene, BGC1 (B-GRANULE CONTENT 1), responsible for B-type starch granule content in Aegilops and wheat. Orthologues of this gene are known to influence starch synthesis in diploids such as rice, Arabidopsis, and barley. However, using polyploid Triticeae species, we uncovered a more complex biological role for BGC1 in starch granule initiation: BGC1 represses the initiation of A-granules in early grain development but promotes the initiation of B-granules in mid grain development. We provide evidence that the influence of BGC1 on starch synthesis is dose dependent and show that three very different starch phenotypes are conditioned by the gene dose of BGC1 in polyploid wheat: normal bimodal starch granule morphology; A-granules with few or no B-granules; or polymorphous starch with few normal A- or B-granules. We conclude from this work that BGC1 participates in controlling B-type starch granule initiation in Triticeae endosperm and that its precise effect on granule size and number varies with gene dose and stage of development.

Controlled Release Starch Granule Formulations Reduce Herbicide Leaching in Soil Columns

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Boydston
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Water Dispersible Granule

Experimental controlled release starch granules (CRSG) containing 5.3% a.i. (w/w) norflurazon or 6% a.i. (w/w) simazine retarded the leaching of both herbicides in loamy sand soil columns when compared to commercial formulations of norflurazon [80% (w/w) dry flowable] or simazine [90% (w/w) water dispersible granule]. Barley bioassays indicated norflurazon and simazine remained in the surface 0 to 2.5 cm of soil when applied as CRSG formulations and moved to a depth of 15 cm when applied as commercial dry formulations and leached with 6 cm of water. CRSG placed on pre-wetted soil columns began to release norflurazon by 7 d at 25 C or 14 d at 15 C, and subsequent leaching moved norflurazon beyond the top 2.5 cm of the soil column.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document