scholarly journals Using Non-Invasive Monitoring Technologies to Capture Behavioural, Physiological and Health Responses of Dairy Calves to Different Nutritional Regimes during the First Ten Weeks of Life

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scoley ◽  
Gordon ◽  
Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

This study aimed to examine the use of non-invasive monitoring technologies as a means of capturing behavioural, physiological and health responses of calves allocated to different nutritional regimes. Seventy-four Holstein Friesian calves were individually penned and allocated to receive either high (HML) or conventional (CML) milk replacer (MR) levels between 5–70 days of age. Additionally calves were allocated to one of four forage treatments: (i) chopped straw offered between 14–70 days of age (CS14), (ii) chopped straw offered between 56–70 days of age (CS56), (iii) grass silage offered between 56–70 days of age (GS56), and (iv) no forage in the pre-wean period (NF). A representative sample of calves from each treatment were fitted with activity sensors and heart rate monitors throughout the experimental period to examine lying behaviour and heart rate variability, respectively. Thermal images of the eye and rectal area of each calf were taken 5 days/week between 5–77 days of age. Faecal and respiratory scoring of each individual calf was carried out on a daily basis throughout the experimental period. Milk replacer feeding level had limited effects on measures of calf health, although HML calves tended to have an increased likelihood for receiving treatment for scour than CML calves. Daily lying time (min/d) was lower in HML calves following reduction in MR feeding frequency at 43 days of age and weaning at 71 days of age when compared with CML calves. Additionally, HML calves displayed a lower heart rate variability following weaning, this suggestive of increased stress load. There were limited effects of forage treatment, however, CS14 calves displayed a greater daily lying time following MR step-down at 68 days of age, this potentially indicating increased rumination. Results of the present study highlight the benefits of using remote monitoring technologies as a means of detecting behavioural and physiological changes as a result of nutritional management strategy in individually housed dairy calves.

scholarly journals Performance and Behavioural Responses of Group Housed Dairy Calves to Two Different Weaning Methods

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Scoley ◽  
Alan Gordon ◽  
Steven Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The weaning of dairy calves is a significant stressor which can impact on calf performance and welfare. However, many traditional methods of assessing the effects of stressors can be invasive and impractical for farmers. This study aimed to use a combination of non-invasive monitoring technologies alongside traditional measures of calf performance to examine the impact of two contrasting weaning methods commonly used on dairy farms in the United Kingdom. Ninety group-housed Holstein Friesian calves were allocated to one of two weaning methods: (i) gradual weaning (GW) with volume of milk replacer (MR) stepping down from 36 days of age and complete withdrawal of MR at 57 days of age and (ii) abrupt weaning (AW) with consistent daily volume of milk replacer and complete withdrawal of MR at 50 days of age. Feeding regimes were such that calves from both treatments were offered the same total amount of milk powder. Gradually weaned calves displayed increased solid feed intake at an earlier age when compared with AW calves. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was reduced in gradually weaned calves between days 36 and 49. However, there was no difference in live weight (LWT) or average daily gain (ADG) throughout this period. Abrupt weaning at 50 days of age resulted in decreased ADG and FCE between days 50 and 56. However, there were no treatment differences in ADG between days 57 and 62. Live weight tended to be increased by 2.2 kg in GW calves when compared with AW calves at the end of experiment on day 63. Frequency of unrewarded visits to the milk feeder throughout the pre-wean period was consistently increased in GW calves. Daily lying time was reduced in AW compared with GW calves in the days following abrupt weaning (days 50–55). However, these differences did not persist between days 57 and 62. Heart rate variability (HRV) tended to be decreased in GW compared with AW calves in the period following complete withdrawal of milk replacer. Findings from the current study suggest that calves offered the same total amount of milk powder can be weaned either gradually from 36 days of age or abruptly at 50 days of age without significant impact to live weight at 63 days of age. However, both behavioural and physiological data collected using the methods described could suggest that gradual weaning of calves from 36 days of age results in an increase in underlying frustration. This study highlights the potential of using a combination of non-invasive monitoring technologies in assessing calf response to common management practices.

scholarly journals Analysis of frequency ranges of heart rate variability and estimation errors of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Bahilin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spectral Estimates ◽  
Regulatory Systems

The clinical significance of heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed at the end of the last century, despite the fact that HRV studies have been conducted since the mid-19th century. In recent years, HRV has been increasingly used for non-invasive monitoring of the autonomic nervous system. However, the interpretation of HRV features is still not fully understood and widely discussed. It is known that HRV fluctuations are created by various regulatory systems of the body, which have different natural frequencies. The estimated HRV parameters are SDNN and RMSSD indicators – standard deviations of a number of RR-intervals and a number of first differences of RR-intervals, respectively. The purpose of the article was to calculate the power decrease with aging in different frequency ranges, analyze the errors of spectral estimates, and compare the spectral estimates of RSA with the values of RMSSD indicators. Simultaneous ECG and respiration records from the Fantasia Physio Bank database were used as initial data. For reference estimates, the powers in the range of respiration rate found from the records of respiration measurements are taken. It is shown that with age the power of the HF range decreases most rapidly, and the VLF range decreases most slowly. HF oscillation amplitudes are compared with RMSSD values. It is proposed to consider the RMSSD indicator as an assessment of the speed parameter of the regulatory system. Spectral methods are used to estimate the power of individual frequency ranges. For non-invasive monitoring of the autonomic nervous system, spectral estimates of the power of the LF and HF ranges are used. With aging, stress, and various diseases, the activity of regulatory systems decreases, but it remains unclear in which regulatory systems and to what extent violations occur.

scholarly journals Differential effects of the blood pressure state on pulse rate variability and heart rate variability in critically ill patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Mejía-Mejía ◽  
James M. May ◽  
Mohamed Elgendi ◽  
Panayiotis A. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Pulse Rate Variability ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) utilizes the electrocardiogram (ECG) and has been widely studied as a non-invasive indicator of cardiac autonomic activity. Pulse rate variability (PRV) utilizes photoplethysmography (PPG) and recently has been used as a surrogate for HRV. Several studies have found that PRV is not entirely valid as an estimation of HRV and that several physiological factors, including the pulse transit time (PTT) and blood pressure (BP) changes, may affect PRV differently than HRV. This study aimed to assess the relationship between PRV and HRV under different BP states: hypotension, normotension, and hypertension. Using the MIMIC III database, 5 min segments of PPG and ECG signals were used to extract PRV and HRV, respectively. Several time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear indices were obtained from these signals. Bland–Altman analysis, correlation analysis, and Friedman rank sum tests were used to compare HRV and PRV in each state, and PRV and HRV indices were compared among BP states using Kruskal–Wallis tests. The findings indicated that there were differences between PRV and HRV, especially in short-term and nonlinear indices, and although PRV and HRV were altered in a similar manner when there was a change in BP, PRV seemed to be more sensitive to these changes.

Trends in Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability during Pregnancy and Three Months Postpartum: Continuous Monitoring in a Free-Living Context (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sarhaddi ◽  
Iman Azimi ◽  
Anna Axelin ◽  
Hannakaisa Niela-Vilen ◽  
Pasi Liljeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Third ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Frequency Power

BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive method reflecting autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulations. Altered HRV is associated with adverse mental or physical health complications. ANS also has a central role in physiological adaption during pregnancy causing normal changes in HRV. OBJECTIVE Assessing trends in heart rate (HR) and HRV parameters as a non-invasive method for remote maternal health monitoring during pregnancy and three months postpartum. METHODS Fifty-eight pregnant women were monitored using an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based remote monitoring system during pregnancy and 3-months postpartum. Pregnant women were asked to continuously wear Gear sport smartwatch to monitor their HR and HRV. In addition, a cross-platform mobile application was utilized for collecting pregnancy-related information. The trends of HR and HRV parameters were extracted using reliable data. We also analyzed the trends of normalized HRV parameters based on HR to remove the effect of HR changes on HRV trends. Finally, we exploited hierarchical linear mixed models to analyze the trends of HR, HRV, and normalized HRV parameters. RESULTS HR increased significantly during the second trimester (P<.001) and decreased significantly during the third trimester (P<.01). Time-domain HRV parameters, average normal interbeat intervals (AVNN), standard deviation of normal interbeat intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive difference of normal interbeat intervals (RMSSD), normalized SDNN (nSDNN), and normalized RMSSD (nRMSSD) decreased significantly during the second trimester (P<.001) then increased significantly during the third trimester (P<.01). Some of the frequency domain parameters, low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF), and normalized HF (nHF) decreased significantly during the second trimester (P<.01), and HF increased significantly during the third trimester (P<.01). In the postpartum period, nRMSSD decreased (P<.05), and the LF to HF ratio (LF/HF) increased significantly (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that HR increased and HRV parameters decreased as the pregnancy proceeded, and the values returned to normal after the delivery. Moreover, our results show that HR started to decrease while time-domain HRV parameters and HF started to increase during the third trimester. Our results also demonstrate the possibility of continuous HRV monitoring in everyday life settings.

HEART RATE VARIABILITY RELATED TO N95 RESPIRATOR USE IN INTERNS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Pakanati Sujana ◽  
Venkata Mahesh Gandhavalla ◽  
K. Prabhakara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Introduction: COVID19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact routes. WHO recommended the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for prevention and N95 respirators are critical components of PPE. Breathing through N95 respirator will impart stress in the individual and that can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). HRV measures the variation in time between each heartbeat controlled by autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is a non invasive reliable index to identify the ANS imbalances. Aims And Objectives: This study is aimed at assessing the HRV of Interns working in COVID19 wards using N95 respirators. Methodology: This study included 100 interns in whom short term HRV was recorded using the standard protocol. Lead II of ECG was recorded using AD instruments (ADI) 8channel polygraph and HRV was analysed using Labchart 8pro software. The recordings were taken before and 1hour after wearing N95 respirator. Results: Overall HRV (SDRR) was found to decrease signicantly after wearing N95 respirator for 1hr (p=0.000). Similarly, indices representing the parasympathetic component ( RMSSD and HF ) were also found to decrease signicantly with the use of N95 respirator. Low frequency (LF) power and LF/HF ratio increased signicantly with N95 respirator use (p=0.000). Conclusion: We conclude that using N95 respirator increased sympathetic activity reecting decreased HRV in our subjects Hence we recommend that it is better to change the duty pattern for interns.

Personalized mathematical model of endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in young men and associated changes in heart rate variability

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brady ◽  
D.O. Frank-Ito ◽  
H.T. Tran ◽  
S. Janum ◽  
K. Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The objective of this study was to develop a personalized inflammatory model and estimate subject-specific parameters that could be related to changes in heart rate variability (HRV), a measure that can be obtained non-invasively in real time. An inflammatory model was developed and calibrated to measurements of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) over 8 hours in 20 subjects administered a low dose of lipopolysaccharide. For this model, we estimated 11 subject-specific parameters for all 20 subjects. Estimated parameters were correlated with changes in HRV, computed from ECG measurements using a built-in HRV module available in Labchart. Results revealed that patients could be separated into two groups expressing normal and abnormal responses to endotoxin. Abnormal responders exhibited increased HRV, most likely as a result of increased vagal firing. The observed correlation between the inflammatory response and HRV brings us a step further towards understanding if HRV predictions can be used as a marker for inflammation. Analyzing HRV parameters provides an easy, non-invasively obtained measure that can be used to assess the state of the subject, potentially translating to identifying a non-invasive marker that can be used to detect the onset of sepsis.

scholarly journals Does non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation affect heart rate variability? A living and interactive Bayesian meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinzent Wolf ◽  
Anne Kühnel ◽  
Vanessa Teckentrup ◽  
Julian Koenig ◽  
Nils B. Kroemer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), have considerable potential for clinical use. Beneficial effects of taVNS have been demonstrated on symptoms in patients with mental or neurological disorders as well as transdiagnostic dimensions, including mood and motivation. However, since taVNS research is still an emerging field, the underlying neurophysiological processes are not yet fully understood, and the replicability of findings on biomarkers of taVNS effects has been questioned. Here, we perform a living Bayesian random effects meta-analysis to synthesize the current evidence concerning the effects of taVNS on heart rate variability (HRV), a candidate biomarker that has, so far, received most attention in the field. To keep the synthesis of evidence transparent and up to date as new studies are being published, we developed a Shiny web app that regularly incorporates new results and enables users to modify study selection criteria to evaluate the robustness of the inference across potential confounds. Our analysis focuses on 17 single-blind studies comparing taVNS versus sham in healthy participants. These newly synthesized results provide strong evidence for the null hypothesis (g = 0.011, CIshortest = [−0.103, 0.125], BF01 = 25.587), indicating that acute taVNS does not alter HRV compared to sham. To conclude, based on a synthesis of the available evidence to date, there is no support for the hypothesis that HRV is a robust biomarker for acute taVNS. By increasing transparency and timeliness, we believe that the concept of living meta-analyses can lead to transformational benefits in emerging fields such as non-invasive brain stimulation.

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