scholarly journals The Relationship between S. aureus and Branched-Chain Amino Acids Content in Composite Cow Milk

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grispoldi ◽  
M. Karama ◽  
F. Ianni ◽  
A. La Mantia ◽  
L. Pucciarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Branched Chain

The early diagnosis of mastitis is an essential factor for the prompt detection of the animal for further actions. In fact, if not culled, infected cows must be segregated from the milking herd and milked last, or milked with separate milking units. Besides microbiological analysis, the somatic cell count (SCC) commonly used as predictor of intramammary infection, frequently lead to a misclassification of milk samples. To overcome these limitations, more specific biomarkers are continuously evaluated. The total amino acid content increases significantly in mastitic milk compared to normal milk. S. aureus requires branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs—isoleucine, leucine, and valine) for protein synthesis, branched-chain fatty acids synthesis, and environmental adaptation by responding to their availability via transcriptional regulators. The increase of BCAAs in composite milk has been postulated to be linked to mammary infection by S. aureus. The aim of this work is to demonstrate, by a direct ion-pairing reversed-phase method, based on the use of the evaporative light-scattering detector (IP-RP-HPLC-ELSD), applied to 65 composite cow milk samples, a correlation between the concentration of isoleucine and leucine, and S. aureus load. The correlation coefficient, r, was found to be 0.102 for SCC (p = 0.096), 0.622 for isoleucine (p < 0.0001), 0.586 for leucine (p < 0.0001), 0.013 for valine (p = 0.381), and 0.07 for tyrosine (p = 0.034), standing for a positive correlation between S. aureus and isoleucine and leucine concentration. The link between the content of BCAAs, isoleucine and leucine, and udder infection by S. aureus demonstrated with our study has an important clinical value for the rapid diagnosis of S. aureus mastitis in cows.

scholarly journals The Relationships between Somatic Cells and Isoleucine, Leucine and Tyrosine Content in Cow Milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Ianni ◽  
Paola Sechi ◽  
Alessandro La Mantia ◽  
Lucia Pucciarini ◽  
Emidio Camaioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Group I

The early diagnosis of cow subclinical mastitis represents a pivotal factor for a prompt and adequate animal treatment. Although several methods are available, the somatic cells count (SCC) still remains the elective test directly carried out on milk samples. In mastitis affected cows (even at subclinical stages), altered concentrations of specific metabolites, including free amino acids, is a well-known occurrence. In order to define the relationships between the variation of the unbound amino acids content with the SCC value, a direct ion-pairing reversed-phase method based on the use of the evaporative light-scattering detector (IP-RP-HPLC-ELSD) was applied to 65 cow milk samples. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was pursued in order to find a correlation between the SCC value and the concentration of isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), valine (Val) and tyrosine (Tyr). Samples were divided in two groups according to their SCC value: Group I comprised all ones with SCC < 400,000 cells/mL; Group II encompassed those with a SCC > 400,000 cells/mL. Statistical analyses highlighted significant differences in the content of the branched-chain amino acids Ile and Leu, between the two groups (p < 0.02* and <0.005**, respectively). This study confirms that a dysmetabolism of certain free amino acids parallels elevated SCC values.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID PROFILE OF A BASIDIOMYCETOUS EDIBLE MUSHROOM-LENTINUS SAJOR-CAJU

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Lata . ◽  
Narender Singh Atri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content ◽  
Basidiomycetous Mushroom

Objective: In this paper amino acid profile of Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr., a basidiomycetous mushroom has been investigated.Methods: During the evaluation 15 amino acids (lysine, aspartic acid, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine) were determined from the dried sample of Lentinus sajor-caju by following the standard technique of biochemistry using ion-exchange chromatography.Results: The total amino acid content has been evaluated at 18.82 g/100g. Amongst the evaluated amino acids, exogenous amino acid lysine (6.66 g/100g) is preponderantly present in comparison to all other amino acids. The essential amino acid (EAA) index (44.64%) and biological value (BV=36.93%) has also been determined for the examined sample.Conclusion: Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr. is a potential source of quality protein with a substantial proportion of exogenous and endogenous amino acids.

Bootstrapped neural network models for analyzing the responses of broiler chicks to dietary protein and branched chain amino acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Faridi ◽  
A. Golian ◽  
A. Heravi Mousavi ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Branched Chain

Faridi, A., Golian, A., Heravi Mousavi, A. and France, J. 2014. Bootstrapped neural network models for analyzing the responses of broiler chicks to dietary protein and branched chain amino acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 79–85. Reliable prediction of avian responses to dietary nutrients is essential for planning, management, and optimization activities in poultry nutrition. In this study, two bootstrapped neural network (BNN) models, each containing 100 separated neural networks (SNN), were developed for predicting average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) of broiler chicks in response to intake of protein and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in the starter period. Using a re-sampling method, 100 different batches of data were generated for both the ADG and FE sets. Starting with 270 data lines extracted from eight studies in the literature, SNN models were trained, tested, and validated with 136, 67, and 67 data lines, respectively. All 200 SNN models developed, along with their respective BNN ones, were subjected to optimization (to find the optimum dietary protein and BCAA levels that maximize ADG and FE). Statistical analysis indicated that based on R 2, the BNN models were more accurate in 76 and 56 cases (out of 100) compared with the SNN models developed for ADG and FE, respectively. Optimization of the BNN models showed protein, isoleucine, leucine, and valine requirements for maximum ADG were 231.80, 9.05, 14.03 and 10.90 g kg−1 of diet, respectively. Also, maximum FE was obtained when the diet contained 232.30, 9.07, 14.50, and 11.04 g kg−1 of protein, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, respectively. The results of this study suggest that in meta-analytic modelling, bootstrap re-sampling algorithms should be used to better analyze available data and thereby take full advantage of them. This issue is of importance in the animal sciences as producing reliable data is both expensive and time-consuming.

Abstract 048: Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in a Prospective Cohort of US Women

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre K Tobias ◽  
Patrick R Lawler ◽  
Paulo H Harada ◽  
Olga V Demler ◽  
Paul M Ridker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Branched Chain

Introduction: Recent metabolomics studies have identified circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, valine) as strong predictors of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether BCAAs are implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has not been established. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that higher baseline levels of plasma BCAAs are associated with an elevated risk of incident CVD events, and evaluated whether this relationship was dependent on an intermediate diagnosis of T2D. Methods: Participants enrolled in the Women’s Health Study prospective cohort were eligible if they did not report CVD or cancer prior to baseline blood collection (N=27,172, mean baseline age=54.7 years). Plasma BCAA metabolites were measured via proton NMR spectroscopy, ln-transformed, and standardized for analysis. We used multivariable Cox proportional regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per standard deviation (SD) of total and individual BCAAs with incident CVD (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, coronary revascularization). Results: 1,917 confirmed CVD events occurred over follow-up (mean 18.6 years). In models adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, diet quality, physical activity, and other established CVD risk factors, total BCAAs were positively associated with CVD (per SD, HR=1.13, CI=1.08 to 1.19), comparable in magnitude to the association of LDL cholesterol with CVD (per SD, HR=1.15, CI=1.09 to 1.21). In particular, BCAAs were associated with coronary events (MI: HR=1.21, CI=1.10 to 1.33; revascularization: HR=1.15, CI=1.07 to 1.23), but not with stroke (HR=1.07, CI=0.98 to 1.15). The BCAA-CVD relationship was notably greater (p-interaction=0.008) among participants who developed T2D prior to a CVD event (HR=1.25, CI=1.13 to 1.39), vs. women without T2D (HR=1.07, CI=1.01 to 1.13). Isoleucine, leucine, and valine were each associated with CVD (p<0.05). Further adjusting for biomarkers of potential intermediates, HbA1c, lipids, and a lipoprotein-based insulin resistance score entirely eliminated the associations of BCAAs with CVD. Conclusions: Circulating plasma BCAAs were positively associated with long-term incident CVD in a cohort of US women, in particular among women who developed T2D prior to a CVD event. Impaired BCAA metabolism may represent a shared pathway of insulin resistance that links the risks of T2D and CVD.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids With Obesity: The Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1072-1072
Author(s):  
Akinkunmi Okekunle ◽  
Heejin Lee ◽  
Sherlyn Mae Provido ◽  
Grace Chung ◽  
Sangmo Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Filipino Migrants ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Migration plays a significant role in dietary choices and health of populations. Studies on dietary intakes of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and health status of migrant populations are scarce. This study examined the association between dietary BCAA intake and risk of obesity among migrant Filipino women in Korea. Methods This study included 428 women (20–57years) enrolled in the FiLWHEL study. Demographic information and anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were obtained using a standard protocol. Dietary BCAA (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) intakes were derived from a one-day 24-hour dietary recall. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Energy-adjusted BCAA intakes were categorized in quartile distribution with the lowest quartile as a reference and multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of obesity risk were estimated using logistic regression at a statistical significance of P &lt; 0.05. Results Mean age and BMI were 35.0 ± 8.1 years and 23.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2 respectively. 30.8% had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Also, median and interquartile range of BCAA intakes (mg/day) were isoleucine: 1920.9 (1231.9–2719.1), leucine: 3318.9 (2134.2–4774.1), valine: 2257.3 (1442.6–3283.1) and total BCAA: 7519.0 (4762.0–10,726.9). Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI for obesity risk given dietary BCAA intakes for each subsequent quartile compared to the bottom quartile were; isoleucine: 0.48 (0.27–0.89), 0.67 (0.37–1.02), and 0.49 (0.27–0.89) P for trend = 0.09; leucine: 0.69 (0.37–1.28), 0.80 (0.44–1.46), and 0.62 (0.34–1.13) P for trend = 0.23; valine: 0.51 (0.27–0.95), 0.77 (0.43–1.37), and 0.52 (0.28–0.95) P for trend = 0.15 and total BCAA: 0.58 (0.31–1.09), 0.82 (0.45–1.48), and 0.56 (0.31–1.03) P for trend = 0.23. Conclusions Dietary BCAA intake appears inversely related to the odds of obesity in this sample of Filipino migrants in Korea. Cohort studies among migrant population might significantly benefit the validation of these observations. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, (No. 201300000001270), Chong Kun Dang Pharm. Seoul, Korea (No. 201600000000225) and the Brain Pool Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. 2020H1D3A1A04081265).

scholarly journals Free carnitine and branched chain amino acids are not good biomarkers in Huntington’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Raphael Machado CASTILHOS ◽  
Marina Coutinho AUGUSTIN ◽  
José Augusto dos SANTOS ◽  
José Luiz PEDROSO ◽  
Orlando BARSOTTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Free Carnitine ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACT Background: Huntington’s disease (HD), caused by an expanded CAG repeat at HTT, has no treatment, and biomarkers are needed for future clinical trials. Objective: The objective of this study was to verify if free carnitine and branched chain amino acids levels behave as potential biomarkers in HD. Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic HD carriers and controls were recruited. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), age of onset, disease duration, UHDRS scores, and expanded CAG tract were obtained; valine, leucine, isoleucine, and free carnitine were measured. Baseline and longitudinal analysis were performed. Results: Seventy-four symptomatic carriers, 20 asymptomatic carriers, and 22 non-carriers were included. At baseline, valine levels were reduced in symptomatic and asymptomatic HD carriers when compared to non-carriers. No difference in free carnitine or isoleucine+leucine levels were observed between groups. BMI of symptomatic individuals was lower than those of non-carriers. Valine levels correlated with BMI. Follow-up evaluation was performed in 43 symptomatic individuals. UHDRS total motor score increased 4.8 points/year on average. No significant reductions in BMI or valine were observed, whereas free carnitine and isoleucine+leucine levels increased. Conclusions: Although valine levels were lower in HD carriers and were related to BMI losses observed in pre-symptomatic individuals, none of these metabolites seem to be biomarkers for HD.

scholarly journals Regulation of CodY Activity through Modulation of Intracellular Branched-Chain Amino Acid Pools

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (24) ◽  
pp. 6357-6368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun R. Brinsmade ◽  
Roelco J. Kleijn ◽  
Uwe Sauer ◽  
Abraham L. Sonenshein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACT In several Gram-positive bacterial species, the global transcriptional regulatory protein CodY adjusts the expression of many metabolic genes, apparently in response to changes in the pools of specific metabolites, i.e., the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) isoleucine, leucine, and valine (ILV) and the nucleoside triphosphate GTP. CodY not only responds to these metabolites as measured in vitro but also regulates the genes that direct their synthesis. We have constructed a set of strains lacking binding sites for the CodY protein in cis at loci coding for the ILV biosynthetic machinery, effectively overexpressing these genes in an attempt to modulate the ILV input signal to CodY. Metabolite analyses of strains derepressed for genes needed for ILV synthesis revealed more than a 6-fold increase in the valine pool and a 2-fold increase in the isoleucine and leucine pools. Accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids was accompanied by a 24-fold induction of the bkd operon (required for branched-chain fatty acid synthesis) and 6-fold hyperrepression of the CodY-regulated yhdG and yufN genes, demonstrating that CodY perceives intracellular fluctuations in at least one if its input signals. We conclude that changes in the rate of endogenous ILV synthesis serve as an important signal for CodY-mediated gene regulation.

Determination of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine in serum of patients with various hepatic diseases, and its clinical usefulness.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Azuma ◽  
M Maekawa ◽  
Y Kuwabara ◽  
T Nakajima ◽  
K Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Enzymatic Determination ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Parenchymal Damage

Abstract We developed an automated enzymatic method for determination of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, isoleucine, leucine) and tyrosine in serum, and applied it to the clinical evaluation of patients with various hepatic diseases. Analytically, the test results were acceptably precise and reproducible, and correlated well with results obtained with an amino acid analyzer. Clinically, we found that a decrease in BCAAs, an increase in tyrosine, and the BCAAs/tyrosine ratio in serum paralleled the severity of hepatic parenchymal damage. We conclude that this enzymatic determination of BCAAs and tyrosine is simple and convenient enough for routine clinical laboratory use, and that the ratio of BCAAs/tyrosine obtained may be a good indicator of the severity of hepatic disorders.

scholarly journals Amino acid and biogenic amine composition of Busha cattle milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
K. Berisha ◽  
H. Bytyçi ◽  
Zs. Mednyánszky ◽  
E. Kiss ◽  
L. Simon-Sarkadi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Feeding Programs

AbstractTo our knowledge, there is a lack of information on the nutrient composition of Busha cattle milk with special regard to its amino acid and biogenic amine contents. The Busha cattle breed is known to be highly resistant to various diseases and well-adapted to the extensive breeding conditions of the Balkan Peninsula. Busha cow milk contains an average of 13.47% dry matter, 4.34% fat, 3.72 % protein, and 4.32% lactose. Significant differences were detected (P < 0.05) in the amino acid compositions of the milk of different Busha cattle strains of Kosovo. Glutamic acid, proline, leucine, aspartic acid, lysine, and valine represented 68% of the total amino acid content. Essential amino acids, branched-chain and sulphur-containing amino acids were found in substantial amounts in the milk samples. Among the biogenic amines, however, spermine (0.16 mg kg−1) and cadaverine (0.09 mg kg−1) were present in low concentrations. Due to these excellent qualities of the Busha cow milk, preservation of this cattle breed is of great importance. Developing sustainable and secured breeding and feeding programs for this endangered cattle breed of the Balkan Peninsula should also be a high priority.

scholarly journals Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of the Interaction of Bacillus subtilis CodY with Branched-Chain Amino Acids

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (22) ◽  
pp. 6865-6876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha C. Villapakkam ◽  
Luke D. Handke ◽  
Boris R. Belitsky ◽  
Vladimir M. Levdikov ◽  
Anthony J. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Hydrophobic Pocket ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis CodY protein is a DNA-binding global transcriptional regulator that responds to branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) and GTP. Crystal structure studies have shown that the N-terminal region of the protein includes a GAF domain that contains a hydrophobic pocket within which isoleucine and valine bind. This region is well conserved in CodY homologs. Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to understand the roles of some of the residues in the GAF domain and hydrophobic pocket in interaction with isoleucine and GTP. The F40A, F71E, and F98A forms of CodY were inactive in vivo. They were activatable by GTP but to a much lesser extent by branched-chain amino acids in vitro. The CodY mutant R61A retained partial repression of target promoters in vivo and was able to respond to GTP in vitro but also responded poorly to branched-chain amino acids in vitro unless GTP was simultaneously present. Thus, the GAF domain includes residues essential for full activation of CodY by branched-chain amino acids, but these residues are not critical for activation by GTP. Binding studies with branched-chain amino acids and their analogs revealed that an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3 of valine are critical components of the recognition of the amino acids by CodY.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document