scholarly journals The Not-So-Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in Antibiotic Research: An Interdisciplinary Opportunity

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Servitje

Literary-rhetorical devices like figurative language and analogy can help explain concepts that exceed our capacity to grasp intuitively. It is not surprising these devices are used to discuss virulence, pathogenesis, and antibiotics. Allusions to Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde seem to be used with particular frequency in research pertaining to pathogens, especially in studies contemporary with our evolving understanding of antibiotic resistance. More recent references to the text have appeared in research parsing definitions of virulence and acknowledging the role of anti-virulence in future therapeutics. While it is obvious that scientists invoke Stevenson’s story for stylistic purposes, its use could go beyond the stylistic—and might even generate rhetorical and imaginative possibilities for framing research. This perspective discusses the first published allusion to Jekyll and Hyde in reference to virulence and pathogenesis; comments on a select number of specific instances of Jekyll and Hyde in contemporary scientific literature; briefly contextualizes the novel; and concludes with the implications of a more productive engagement with humanistic disciplines in the face of antibiotic resistance.

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.


Author(s):  
Oleg Viktorovich Solopov

This article is dedicated to examination of the characteristics of the doctrine of Raja yoga in interpretation Of M. V. Lodyzhensky. The goal consists in the analysis and reconstruction of the system of Raja yoga within the religious-ethical philosophy of the thinker. In the course of this research, the author resolves a number of problems: examines the system of primary elements of religious-ethical philosophy of M. V. Lodyzhensky; analyzes the sources that affected the formation of views of the philosopher upon Raja yoga; reveals main characteristics of the system of Raja yoga within Lodyzhensky’s philosophy; determines the peculiarities of religious-mystical practice of Raja yoga in the philosophy of M. V. Lodyzhensky; defines the role of Raja-yoga within the system of religious-ethical philosophy of the thinker. The novelty lies in determination of the novel in comparison to the existing in scientific literature categories of M. V. Lodyzhensky’s philosophy and their analysis in the context of system of fundamental sections of philosophical knowledge (ontology, theology, anthropology, epistemology, axiology, ethics); as well as in comprehensive study of the system of Raja yoga in interpretation Of M. V. Lodyzhensky and determination of its role within the structure of his philosophy. It is established that the “core” of the system of religious-ethical philosophy of M. V. Lodyzhensky is the ethics develop ethics and axiology of Hesychasm developed by him. It is proven that the system of metaphysical categories and ideas of the thinker is of synthetic nature and leans on various cultural trends and traditions. The article demonstrates that special role within the system of Lodyzhensky’s philosophy is played by the apologetics of Hesychasm that implies critical review of the non-Christian mystical practices, among which is the examination of Raja yoga. The author underlines the uniqueness of interpretation of Raja yoga in the philosophy M. V. Lodyzhensky, as well as provides critical assessment to his interpretation of the system of Raja yoga.


Author(s):  
Bassam Khaled Al- Shawi, Zainab Walid Hayek Bassam Khaled Al- Shawi, Zainab Walid Hayek

The point of the analysis that the researcher intends to study the effect of convergence in the novel (Al- Tajjayat) as an experimental novel that relied on the amazing Sufi experience is to reveal the style of Jamal Al- Ghitani from the face that distinguishes him from others. Correspondence, during the analysis of samples of the texts of the novel, and after the research examined the contrast in the main elements of the novel (the narrator's discourse, characters, and time It was found that correspondence in (Al- Tajjayat) is one of the components of style in building the miraculous world in this novel, and its effectiveness in producing meaning, and highlighting the mystical experience, so that this stylistic component contributes to the transition from the eloquence of the sentence to the eloquence of the text. At the end of the research, the researcher recommended studying other exquisite components in the novel (Al- Tajjayat) to reveal the role of exquisite composition in the construction of the method in this novel.


2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kalaga

Face and façade share not only the same etymological derivation, but also the appeal to the visual perceptual apparatus. Their operation as visual signs/texts, however, reaches far beyond the merely iconic; in the context of the Western culture, face and façade perform the role of the exterior as symbolically representing the interior. In spite of what they have in common, the two concepts connote different ethical values. Face, especially in the Levinasian sense, implies absolute sincerity and truthfulness; façade, as a “face of the building,” is in fact a simulacrum of the interior; it implies excess and uses performative-rhetorical devices of deception. Yet the metonimical representation of the inside by the façade naturalizes – through semiotic conventions and games – its fraudulently excessive character; it is only when façade – in its derivative sense as mask – returns to the face and becomes its metaphorical substitute, that its negative ethical value comes to the fore. The paper explores and theorizes – with intercultural references – the semiotic operation of face and façade, as well as provide analyses of visual examples. Santrauka Pasitelkiant tarpkultūrinius pavyzdžius ir semantinės analizės metodą straipsnyje tiriami Veido ir Fasado vaizdinių/sąvokų reikšminis ir etinis aspektai. Ieškoma panašumo tarp abiejų vaizdinių/sąvokų etimologijos ir vizualinio suvokimo struktūrų. Gilinamasi į Veidą ir Fasadą kaip į eksterjero ženklus, simboliniame lygmenyje reprezentuojančius interjerą. Straipsnyje išryškinama, kad tiriamos sąvokos konotuoja skirtingas etines vertes nepaisant dalinio jų tarpusavio panašumo. Veidui priskiriama nuoširdumo ir tikrumo reikšmė. Fasadas (pastato veidas) interpretuojamas kaip interjero simuliakras, todėl siejamas su netikrumu, apgaulingumu.


2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (300) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
William Saad Hossne ◽  
Leo Pessini

Síntese: O prolongamento sofrido do processo do morrer, que mais acrescenta sofrimento e prorroga morte, é uma das questões bioéticas mais complexas e debatidas hoje, no contexto de cuidados de final de vida. A complexidade inicia-se na própria definição semântica desta problemática bioética. Nossa busca é marcada pela “angústia criativa” (não a patológica que nos paralisa frente à vida) que busca identificar vários termos e neologismos para nomear e definir a questão bioética: distanásia, medicina/e/ou tratamento fútil e inútil, e para definir aquela ação diagnóstica e terapêutica médica que já não mais beneficia o paciente em sua fase final de vida. Para o equacionamento da problemática bioética buscamos luzes na literatura científica médica e bioética internacional, bem como na tradição da ética médica brasileira, em sua versão codificada. Embora um determinado tratamento possa ser fútil e, portanto, inútil, o cuidado nunca será fútil e inútil. No coração de toda ação de cuidar deve estar presente a “philia” (amor, amizade). Podemos, sim, ser curados de uma doença mortal, mas não de nossa mortalidade e finitude. Nossa condição de existir não é uma patologia. Quando esquecemos isto, caímos na tecnolatria, e os instrumentos de cura e cuidado facilmente se transformam em ferramentas de tortura. O presente artigo procura apresentar uma metodologia de como lidar com estas situações eticamente conflitivas, ao aprofundar alguns conceitos éticos fundamentais, tais como: processo de deliberação, decisão e responsabilidade médica e o papel de comissões de bioética. A busca do adequado equacionamento ajuda-os na trajetória que vai da angústia à serenidade.Palavras-chave: Bioética. Distanásia. Tratamento fútil. Cuidado. Philia.Abstract: The painful extension of the dying process, which brings more suffering and delays death, is one of the most complex bioethical issues discussed today in the context of end of life care. The complexity begins in the very semantic definition of this bioethical problem. Our quest is marked by a “creative anguish” (not by the pathological one that paralyzes us in the face of life) that seeks to identify various terms and neologisms, in order to give a name to and define the bioethical issue: dysthanasia, futile and useless medicine and/or treatment; and also in order to define that diagnostic action and medical therapy that no longer benefits the patient in his/her final stage of life. For the equating of this bioethical problem, we look for some light in the medical scientific literature and in international bioethics, as well as in the tradition of the brazilian medical ethics in its codified version. Although a particular treatment can be futile and therefore useless, care will never be futile and useless. At the heart of every act of caring “philia” (love, friendship) must be present. Yes, we may be cured of a deadly disease, but not of our mortality and finitude. The condition of existing is not a pathology. When we forget this, we fall into the technolatry, and the instruments of healing and care easily turn into instruments of torture. This article attempts to present a methodology for dealing with these ethically conflictive situations, as it deals with some basic ethical concepts such as deliberation, decision and medical liability and the role of bioethical committees. The search for the appropriate equation helps us in the path that goes from anguish to serenity.Keywords: Bioethics. Dysthanasia. Futile treatment. Care. Philia.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-362
Author(s):  
Nina Herlina ◽  
Dang Eif Saiful Amin ◽  
Rohmanur Aziz

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to determine how the macro-structure of the novel Athirah propaganda message, superstructure message Athirah propaganda in the novel, and the microstructure of propaganda messages in the novel Athirah Endah Alberthiene work. The research method using the method of discourse analysis approach is qualitative, in discourse analysis Teun A. Van Dijk models is researching on the search for the macro-structure of thematic text. while the superstructure is discussed in the schematic, and the microstructure of the text that is in terms of semantic, syntactic, stylistic and rhetorical. The results showed that in the structure of the macro in this novel are arranged in the theme of patience, and a woman named Athirah toughness in the face of life's trials. In the superstructure Alberthiene Endah make this novel with the flow back and forth, there are grooves that tell of the past, but still easily understood by the reader. While the microstructure Alberthiene Endah using language that is quite extensive and figurative language or imagery. Tenses used mostly using active voice form. ABSTRAKTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana struktur makro pesan dakwah dalam novel Athirah, Superstruktur pesan dakwah dalam novel Athirah, dan struktur mikro pesan dakwah dalam novel Athirah karya Alberthiene Endah. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode pendekatan analisis wacana bersifat kualitatif, Dalam analisis wacana model Teun A. Van Dijk ini meneliti tentang mencari struktur makro teks tentang tematik. sedangkan superstruktur dibahas dalam skematik, dan struktur mikro teks yaitu dari segi semantik, sintaksis, stilistik dan retoris. Hasil penelitian menunjukan yaitu secara struktur makro dalam novel ini disusun dalam tema kesabaran, dan ketangguhan seorang perempuan bernama Athirah dalam menghadapi cobaan hidup. Secara superstruktur Alberthiene Endah membuat novel ini dengan alur maju mundur, ada alur yang menceritakan masa lampau, namun tetap mudah dimengerti oleh pembaca. Sedangkan secara struktur mikro Alberthiene Endah menggunakan bahasa yang cukup luas dan bahasa kiasan atau perumpamaan. Bentuk kalimat yang digunakan kebanyakan menggunakan bentuk kalimat aktif.  


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Ling ◽  
Alistair J. Hobday

Adapting to climate change is contingent on an ability to adjust before opportunity is lost. Given that research funding to understand adaptation is limited, rapid return on investment is critical. For Australian marine environments, climate-change impacts are well documented and adaptation opportunities have been identified across aquaculture, fisheries, conservation and tourism sectors. Here, we have evaluated the recent Australian scientific literature to determine (1) the degree to which climate-change impacts and adaptation have been addressed across sectors, and, specifically, (2) the role of a major research program instituted in 2009 to address priority climate-change questions for these sectors, namely, Australia’s ‘National Climate Change Adaptation Research Plan for Marine Biodiversity and Resources’ (MNARP). Although the number of priority questions addressed by the general scientific literature increased in the 2009–2015 period, there was a 92% increase in the number of priority questions addressed during the peak of MNARP (2013–2014). MNARP research also addressed a greater range of priority questions than did the general scientific literature, which showed consistency in the questions and study systems examined. Overall, structured research planning focussed attention on key climate-change questions, which is a critical consideration for enacting adaptation in the face of rapid climate change.


Author(s):  
Seema Sinha ◽  

The dystopian tropes in the plague narratives shift our gaze from the presence of professional ethics to the Gothic horror that unfolds subsequently. Yet whether it is the Great Plague of London in the year 1665, or the Novel Coronavirus in Mumbai in the year 2020, the rampant spread of the contagion and the associated dread bring into focus the selflessness of the caregivers, namely, the medical and the para-medic staff. Comparing the occurrences, one historical, the other still unfolding, this study examines the eery similarities that delineate contagion as metaphor, and the role of doctors in the pandemics. The aim is to find out what happens when the doctors stumble – to succumb to fear, to fall prey to diseases that flesh is subject to, or to violate the oath of Hippocrates. We intend to scrutinize if like soldiers on the battle-front, these frontline warriors also keep their tryst with death in the line of duty, or does History record otherwise. Whether the pestilence be classical or modern, the response of the caregivers is the cornerstone on which any society is grounded. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if courage in the face of disaster is still relevant in this age of anxiety, or does self-preservation win against ethics and morality. A close reading of Daniel Defoe’s A Journal of the Plague Year gives us an insight into the timelessness of such issues, especially in a world that is plagued with maladies of its own making.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Василий Николаевич Афонюшкин ◽  
Н. А. Донченко ◽  
Ю. Н. Козлова ◽  
Н. В. Давыдова ◽  
В. Ю. Коптев ◽  
...  

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.


2021 ◽  
pp. 146247452110163
Author(s):  
Valli Rajah ◽  
Christopher Thomas ◽  
Amy Shlosberg ◽  
Sarah P Chu

Individuals make sense of experience through telling stories they hope others will hear. To establish an interpretive connection with their audience, narrators must tell stories that are tellable, conceptualized as engaging but not too socially or emotionally challenging. We analyze the narratives of death-sentenced exoneree activists. When depicting their wrongful convictions, we find exoneree activists convey accepted critiques of criminal justice system processing through familiar tropes that reinforce shared understanding with their audience. When representing their unique suffering and conveying a more critical perspective, exonerees marshal sarcasm, metaphor, and litotes. These rhetorical devices convey irony that encourages listeners to question their assumptions, thereby, enhancing audience receptivity to exonerees’ perspectives. We consider the broader significance of figurative language in narrative representations of justice-system involvement.


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