scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genes of Staphylococci Isolated from Mastitic Cow’s Milk in Kenya

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Christine M. Mbindyo ◽  
George C. Gitao ◽  
Paul Joseph Plummer ◽  
Benard W. Kulohoma ◽  
Charles M. Mulei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance

Increasing numbers of potentially zoonotic multidrug-resistant (MDR) staphylococci strains, associated with mastitis in dairy cows, are being reported globally and threaten disease management in both animal and human health. However, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), in Kenya is not well known. This study investigated the drug resistance profiles and genes carried by 183 staphylococci isolates from 142 dairy cows representing 93 farms recovered from mastitis milk of dairy cows in two selected counties in Kenya. Staphylococci isolates were characterized by phenotypic characteristics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, partial sequencing and susceptibility testing for 10 antimicrobial drugs. Detection of seven resistance genes to the various antimicrobial drugs was conducted using PCR. Overall, phenotypic resistance among the staphylococci ranged between 66.1% for ampicillin and 3.5% for fluoroquinolones. Twenty-five percent (25%) of S. aureus and 10.8% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates, were methicillin-resistant staphylococci phenotypically (defined as resistance to cefoxitin disk diffusion). The most common genes found in S. aureus and CoNS were blaZ and strB at 44.3% and 26%, and 78% and 50%, respectively. MDR was observed in 29.67% and 16.3% of S. aureus and CoNS, respectively. These findings pose a threat to bovine mastitis treatment and management as well as human health.

Resistance to methicillin of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from bovine mastitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bochniarz ◽  
W. Wawron ◽  
M. Szczubiał
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Warneri ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Lactam Ring

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of staphylococcal resistance to methicillin. CNS (n=100 isolates) were prepared from the mammary inflammatory secretions of 86 cows from farms located in the Lublin region.Methicillin-resistant isolates constituted 20.0% of all CNS. Staphylococcus sciuri (n=8) and Staphylococcus xylosus (n=6) were most abundant, followed by Staphylococcus chromogenes (n=3), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=2) and Staphylococcus warneri (n=1). The mecA gene was found in 50.0% of MRCNS (10.0% of all CNS isolates) belonging to two species: S. sciuri and S. xylosus. All mecA-positive isolates contained the protein of low affinity to penicillin (penicillin-binding protein 2a - PBP2a). The enzyme hydrolysing the β-lactam ring in antibiotics was detected in 40.0% of MRCNS; 10.0% of MRCNS isolates were characterised by the presence of the mecA gene and ability to produce β-lactamase. The remaining 20.0% of MRCNS isolates showing phenotypic resistance to methicillin were mecA gene-negative and were not able to produce β-lactamase.

scholarly journals Virulence gene profile and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Kashmir, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazima Nazir ◽  
Shakil Ahmed Wani ◽  
Qazi Nyrah ◽  
Shaheen Farooq ◽  
Mir Nadeem Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Gene Profile ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Resistance Rates

The Staphylococcus aureusis often responsible for a number of diseases in humans and animals, and it is considered as a main etiological agent of bovine mastitis. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is due to both its ability to resist antibiotics, and the production of toxins. This study investigated virulence genes, prevalence and antibiogram profile of S. aureus isolated from dairy cows suffering from mastitis in the Kashmir. A total of 70 S. aureus isolates were obtained from 250 mastitic milk samples collected from both organized (47/150) and unorganized (23/100) dairy farms. Five pathogenic factors including clfA, hld, seo, lukM, and coa and one resistance gene mecAgene were checked through PCR. Clumping factor gene (clfA) was found in most of the isolates with a percentage of 81.42 % whereas,hld, seo, lukM, and coa were present in 61.2, 54.28, 70, and 71 percent of isolates, respectively. However, amplification of coagene yielded DNA bands of two different sizes. A high percentage of antimicrobial resistance rates were observed, wherein, Ampicillin showed highest resistance with 85.7 %, followed by Kanamycin, Cefotaxime, Sulphadizine and Streptomicin showing 71.42 %, 54.28 %, 51.48 % and 42 %, respectively. A high frequency of Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA 28.57 %) was observed in these isolates and all methicillin resistant isolates were found to be positive for mecA gene via PCR amplification. These results revealed that mastitis-associated S. aureus among bovines of Kashmir is able to accumulate different virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials, making the treatment of infections difficult.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Community-Based Healthy Individuals in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Marincola ◽  
Olivia Liong ◽  
Christoph Schoen ◽  
Alaa Abouelfetouh ◽  
Aisha Hamdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Animal Contact ◽  
Cons Isolate ◽  
Resistance Rates

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common opportunistic pathogens, but also ubiquitous human and animal commensals. Infection-associated CoNS from healthcare environments are typically characterized by pronounced antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including both methicillin- and multidrug-resistant isolates. Less is known about AMR patterns of CoNS colonizing the general population. Here we report on AMR in commensal CoNS recovered from 117 non-hospitalized volunteers in a region of Germany with a high livestock density. Among the 69 individuals colonized with CoNS, 29 had reported contacts to either companion or farm animals. CoNS were selectively cultivated from nasal swabs, followed by species definition by 16S rDNA sequencing and routine antibiotic susceptibility testing. Isolates displaying phenotypic AMR were further tested by PCR for presence of selected AMR genes. A total of 127 CoNS were isolated and Staphylococcus epidermidis (75%) was the most common CoNS species identified. Nine isolates (7%) were methicillin-resistant (MR) and carried the mecA gene, with seven individuals (10%) being colonized with at least one MR-CoNS isolate. While resistance against gentamicin, phenicols and spectinomycin was rare, high resistance rates were found against tetracycline (39%), erythromycin (33%) and fusidic acid (24%). In the majority of isolates, phenotypic resistance could be associated with corresponding AMR gene detection. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) was observed in 23% (29/127) of the isolates, with 33% (23/69) of the individuals being colonized with MDR-CoNS. The combined data suggest that MR- and MDR-CoNS are present in the community, with previous animal contact not significantly influencing the risk of becoming colonized with such isolates.

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci from bovine milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kot ◽  
M. Piechota ◽  
K.M. Wolska ◽  
A. Frankowska ◽  
E. Zdunek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Subclinical Symptoms

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci from milk samples from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis and from cows without mastitis symptoms to methicillin, tetracyclines, macrolides and lincosamides (ML). Of 207 strains, including 34S. aureusand 173 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), 11 (6.4%) CNS strains were phenotypically resistant to methicillin. ThemecAgene was detected by PCR only in twoS. xylosusstrains and one strain ofS. epidermidisandS. simulans. No methicillin-resistantS. aureusstrains were observed. In methicillin-resistant strains withmecA,gene resistance to other investigated antibiotics was not observed. Phenotypic resistance to tetracycline was detected in 11.0% of CNS strains and 47.4% of them carried thetetKgene. Of 173 CNS strains studied, 27 (15.6%) were resistant to at least one ML antibiotic. The resistance geneermCwas detected in 55.5% of the 27 ML-resistant strains. TheermAandermBgenes were detected in 14.8% and 11.1% of ML-resistant CNS strains, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance to methicillin, tetracyclines and macrolides was detected more frequently in staphylococcal strains from clinical mastitis compared to animals with subclinical symptoms and without mastitis, while the resistance to lincosamides showed a similar frequency in all groups of cows. In conclusion, CNS species from bovine milk differ in phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, and the use of PCR technique alone for the detection of methicillin, macrolide, lincosamide and tetyracycline resistance in CNS from cattle is not reliable.

scholarly journals First Case of Staphylococci Carrying Linezolid Resistance Genes from Laryngological Infections in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Michał Michalik ◽  
Maja Kosecka-Strojek ◽  
Mariola Wolska ◽  
Alfred Samet ◽  
Adrianna Podbielska-Kubera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Linezolid is currently used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive cocci. Both linezolid-resistant S. aureus (LRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains have been collected worldwide. Two isolates carrying linezolid resistance genes were recovered from laryngological patients and characterized by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods such as spa typing, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of virulence genes and ica operon expression, and analysis of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Both isolates were multidrug resistant, including resistance to methicillin. The S. aureus strain was identified as ST-398/t4474/SCCmec IVe, harboring adhesin, hemolysin genes, and the ica operon. The S. haemolyticus strain was identified as ST-42/mecA-positive and harbored hemolysin genes. Linezolid resistance in S. aureus strain was associated with the mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, and in S. haemolyticus, resistance was associated with the presence of cfr gene. Moreover, S. aureus strain harbored optrA and poxtA genes. We identified the first case of staphylococci carrying linezolid resistance genes from patients with chronic sinusitis in Poland. Since both S. aureus and CoNS are the most common etiological factors in laryngological infections, monitoring of such infections combined with surveillance and infection prevention programs is important to decrease the number of linezolid-resistant staphylococcal strains.

scholarly journals Liposomes as Antibiotic Delivery Systems: A Promising Nanotechnological Strategy against Antimicrobial Resistance

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Magda Ferreira ◽  
Maria Ogren ◽  
Joana N. R. Dias ◽  
Marta Silva ◽  
Solange Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs

Antimicrobial drugs are key tools to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Despite the early success of antibiotics, the current treatment of bacterial infections faces serious challenges due to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Moreover, the decline of research and private investment in new antibiotics further aggravates this antibiotic crisis era. Overcoming the complexity of antimicrobial resistance must go beyond the search of new classes of antibiotics and include the development of alternative solutions. The evolution of nanomedicine has allowed the design of new drug delivery systems with improved therapeutic index for the incorporated compounds. One of the most promising strategies is their association to lipid-based delivery (nano)systems. A drug’s encapsulation in liposomes has been demonstrated to increase its accumulation at the infection site, minimizing drug toxicity and protecting the antibiotic from peripheral degradation. In addition, liposomes may be designed to fuse with bacterial cells, holding the potential to overcome antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation and constituting a promising solution for the treatment of potential fatal multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In this review, we aim to address the applicability of antibiotic encapsulated liposomes as an effective therapeutic strategy for bacterial infections.

Fluoroquinolone- and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Insights from the Antimicrobial Resistance Management Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Gums ◽  
Benjamin J Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Northeast Us

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of infections involving the bloodstream, skin and soft tissue, and lungs in hospitalized patients. These isolates are often multidrug resistant and represent a major therapeutic challenge. Objective: To explore the susceptibilities of S. aureus to nafcillin/oxacillin, a surrogate for methicillin resistance, and the fluoroquinolones and determine whether a relationship might exist between fluoroquinolone use and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Methods: To date, 353 institutions throughout the US and Puerto Rico have enrolled in the Antimicrobial Resistance Management (ARM) Program, and data have been submitted on nearly 5 million isolates of S. aureus. Isolates submitted from 1990 through 2002 were reviewed for sensitivity to nafcillin/oxacillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Results: From 1990 through 2002 inclusive, susceptibility to nafcillin/oxacillin nationally was 64.9% (n = 360,460), ranging from 62.2% in the North Central and Northeast US to 72.8% in the Southwest. Nationally, S. aureus isolates were more resistant to levofloxacin (41.4%, n = 123,868) than ciprofloxacin (38.7%, n = 256,178). The greatest change in susceptibility of S. aureus to nafcillin/oxacillin and ciprofloxacin occurred concurrently from 1998 to 2002, which may implicate fluoroquinolone use with increasing rates of MRSA infection. Conclusions: Resistance to methicillin and the fluoroquinolones has increased in concert during the past 5 years. Collectively, data from the ARM Program, along with several other investigations, support a role of fluoroquinolone use in the emergence of MRSA. These observations, along with increasing resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, underscore the need for judicious use of fluoroquinolones.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and genetic characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci from bovine mastitis milk samples in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 11439-11448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Jeong Kim ◽  
Dong Chan Moon ◽  
Seung-Chun Park ◽  
Hee Young Kang ◽  
Seok Hyeon Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci from bovine mastitis milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Frey ◽  
Joan Peña Rodriguez ◽  
Andreas Thomann ◽  
Sybille Schwendener ◽  
Vincent Perreten
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Retail Chicken

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1879-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHALID IBRAHIM SALLAM ◽  
SAMIR MOHAMMED ABD-ELGHANY ◽  
MOHAMED ELHADIDY ◽  
TOMOHIRO TAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

The emergence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food-producing animals is of increasing interest, raising questions about the presence of MRSA in food of animal origin and potential sources of transmission to humans via the food chain. In this study, the prevalence, molecular characterization, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MRSA isolates from 200 retail raw chicken samples in Egypt were determined. MRSA was detected by positive amplification of the mecA gene in 38% (76 of 200) of chicken samples analyzed. This represents a potential public health threat in Egypt, as this contamination rate seems to be the highest among other studies reported worldwide. Furthermore, genes encoding α-hemolysin (hla) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, and sec) were detected in all of the 288 MRSA isolates. Nonetheless, none of the strains tested carried tst, the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. Antimicrobial resistance of MRSA isolates was most frequently detected against penicillin (93.4%), ampicillin (88.9%), and cloxacillin (83.3%). These results suggest that retail chicken might be a significant potential source for transmission of multidrug-resistant and toxigenic S. aureus in Egypt. This underlines the need for stricter hygienic measures in chicken production in Egypt to minimize the risk of transmission of these strains to consumers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the isolation and molecular characterization of MRSA in retail chicken samples in Egypt.

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