scholarly journals Predictor of Early Administration of Antibiotics and a Volume Resuscitation for Young Infants with Septic Shock

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Osamu Nomura ◽  
Takateru Ihara ◽  
Yoshihiko Morikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Sakakibara ◽  
Yuho Horikoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Sepsis Management ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Sepsis Bundle ◽  
Core Body

(1) Background: It is critical to administer antibiotics and fluid bolus within 1 h of recognizing sepsis in pediatric patients. This study aimed to identify the predictor of the successful completion of a 1-h sepsis bundle for infants with suspected sepsis. (2) Methods: This is an observational study using a prospective registry including febrile young infants (aged < 90 days) who visited a pediatric emergency department with a core body temperature of 38.0 °C or higher and 36.0 °C or lower. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictor (s) of successful sepsis bundle completion. (3) Results: Of the 323 registered patients, 118 patients with suspected sepsis were analyzed, and 38 patients (32.2%) received a bundle-compliant treatment. Among potential variables, such as age, sex, and vital sign parameters, the logistic regression analysis showed that heart rate (odds ratio: OR 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.04) is a significant predictor of the completion of a 1-h sepsis bundle. (4) Conclusions: We found that tachycardia facilitated the sepsis recognition and promoted the successful completion of a 1-h sepsis bundle for young infants with suspected septic shock and a possible indicator for improving the quality of the team-based sepsis management.

scholarly journals 3389 Coagulation Factor Xll-mediated contact system and its role in adaptive and innate immune cell movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Emily Beltran ◽  
Tukisa Smith ◽  
Beth Graczyk ◽  
Jan Breslow ◽  
Manish Ponda
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Eae Model ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Cell Chemotaxis

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objectives of this study are to 1) expand upon the paradigm of HK-D5 accelerated immune cell chemotaxis; 2) characterize the role of FXII in murine models of immune-mediated disease using FXII KO mice and a small molecule inhibitor of FXIIa. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To test whether the addition of HK-D5 peptide would accelerate C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)-mediated chemotaxis in vitro, a real-time transwell chemotaxis assay was developed utilizing human THP-1 monocyte cell line (Fig 1). For in vivo studies, both pharmacologic FXIIa antagonism and FXll KO mice were used. Genotyping, histopathological review, FXll protein expression, and active partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) measurements were used to phenotypically characterize FXII KO mice compared to C57BL/6 wild type mice (Fig 2). Subsequently, the FXll KO mice were studied in varied models of immune-mediated disease, including LPS-induced sepsis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), to see if and how the absence of FXll can mitigate disease severity. The EAE model involved active immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and measurement of established clinical disease severity scores. The LPS sepsis model involved an intraperitoneal injection of LPS followed by 48-hour monitoring of core body temperature using subdermal temperature transponders as a proxy for inflammatory events related to septic shock (Fig 3). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: HK-D5 significantly accelerates CCR2-mediated chemotaxis compared to chemokine alone (p = 0.001) similar to HK-D5’s ability to accelerate CCR7-mediated chemotaxis as previously established. The FXll KO mice were backcrossed to the C57BL/6J background and confirmed by genotyping and complete absence of FXII protein in plasma. Compared to the control, FXII KO mice have a significantly prolonged aPTT without evidence of bleeding abnormalities, which confirms the expected phenotype previously described and recapitulates what is observed in Factor XII deficiency in humans. KO mice showed no significant gross or histopathological differences in secondary lymphoid structures compared to the control. Immunohistochemistry confirmed well-organized lymphoid structures with intact B- and T-cell populations. FXll KO mice are protected in LPS-induced septic shock and EAE models. Regarding the EAE model, FXIIa inhibition significantly reduced disease severity compared to control. In the LPS model, FXll KO mice recover within 24 hours after LPS-challenge measured subjectively and objectively by core body temperature measurement. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The current study and previous findings suggest a novel immune signaling mechanism by which a peptide fragment of high molecular-weight kininogen (HK-D5) acts as an accelerant of both innate and adaptive immune cell chemotaxis in multiple immune contexts. This has broad implications regarding a mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in a variety of disease states, which might be amenable to the targeting this pathway for therapeutic intent.

Core body temperature changes after sauna exposition in healthy subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pawlak ◽  
Paweł Zalewski ◽  
Jacek J. Klawe ◽  
Monika Zawadka ◽  
Anna Bitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Core Body

Nonphotic entrainment of the human circadian pacemaker

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. R991-R996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Klerman ◽  
David W. Rimmer ◽  
Derk-Jan Dijk ◽  
Richard E. Kronauer ◽  
Joseph F. Rizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Circadian Pacemaker ◽  
Temperature Rhythms ◽  
Blind Individuals ◽  
Nonphotic Entrainment ◽  
Core Body

In organisms as diverse as single-celled algae and humans, light is the primary stimulus mediating entrainment of the circadian biological clock. Reports that some totally blind individuals appear entrained to the 24-h day have suggested that nonphotic stimuli may also be effective circadian synchronizers in humans, although the nonphotic stimuli are probably comparatively weak synchronizers, because the circadian rhythms of many totally blind individuals “free run” even when they maintain a 24-h activity-rest schedule. To investigate entrainment by nonphotic synchronizers, we studied the endogenous circadian melatonin and core body temperature rhythms of 15 totally blind subjects who lacked conscious light perception and exhibited no suppression of plasma melatonin in response to ocular bright-light exposure. Nine of these fifteen blind individuals were able to maintain synchronization to the 24-h day, albeit often at an atypical phase angle of entrainment. Nonphotic stimuli also synchronized the endogenous circadian rhythms of a totally blind individual to a non-24-h schedule while living in constant near darkness. We conclude that nonphotic stimuli can entrain the human circadian pacemaker in some individuals lacking ocular circadian photoreception.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

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