scholarly journals Genomic Insights into the Distribution and Phylogeny of Glycopeptide Resistance Determinants within the Actinobacteria Phylum

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1533
Author(s):  
Andrés Andreo-Vidal ◽  
Elisa Binda ◽  
Victor Fedorenko ◽  
Flavia Marinelli ◽  
Oleksandr Yushchuk
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Bioinformatics Study ◽  
Self Protection

The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) creates a challenge for global health security, rendering many previously successful classes of antibiotics useless. Unfortunately, this also includes glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs), such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, which are currently being considered last-resort drugs. Emerging resistance towards GPAs risks limiting the clinical use of this class of antibiotics—our ultimate line of defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive pathogens. But where does this resistance come from? It is widely recognized that the GPA resistance determinants—van genes—might have originated from GPA producers, such as soil-dwelling Gram-positive actinobacteria, that use them for self-protection. In the current work, we present a comprehensive bioinformatics study on the distribution and phylogeny of GPA resistance determinants within the Actinobacteria phylum. Interestingly, van-like genes (vlgs) were found distributed in different arrangements not only among GPA-producing actinobacteria but also in the non-producers: more than 10% of the screened actinobacterial genomes contained one or multiple vlgs, while less than 1% encoded for a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). By phylogenetic reconstructions, our results highlight the co-evolution of the different vlgs, indicating that the most diffused are the ones coding for putative VanY carboxypeptidases, which can be found alone in the genomes or associated with a vanS/R regulatory pair.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of glycopeptide resistance determinants in gram-positive bacteria.

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dutka-Malen ◽  
R Leclercq ◽  
V Coutant ◽  
J Duval ◽  
P Courvalin
Keyword(s):  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Determinants

Pursuit of next-generation glycopeptides: A journey with vancomycin

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Acharya ◽  
Geetika Dhanda ◽  
Paramita Sarkar ◽  
Jayanta Haldar
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Life Saving

Vancomycin, a blockbuster antibiotic of the glycopeptide class, has been a life-saving therapeutic against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infections. The emergence of glycopeptide resistance has however enunciated the need to develop credible...

Healthcare personnel experiences implementing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection control measures at a ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility—A qualitative analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Katharina R. Rynkiewich ◽  
Jinal Makhija ◽  
Mary Carl M. Froilan ◽  
Ellen C. Benson ◽  
Alice Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resident Care ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Self Protection

Abstract Objective: Ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities (vSNFs) are critical to the epidemiology and control of antibiotic-resistant organisms. During an infection prevention intervention to control carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), we conducted a qualitative study to characterize vSNF healthcare personnel beliefs and experiences regarding infection control measures. Design: A qualitative study involving semistructured interviews. Setting: One vSNF in the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan region. Participants: The study included 17 healthcare personnel representing management, nursing, and nursing assistants. Methods: We used face-to-face, semistructured interviews to measure healthcare personnel experiences with infection control measures at the midpoint of a 2-year quality improvement project. Results: Healthcare personnel characterized their facility as a home-like environment, yet they recognized that it is a setting where germs were ‘invisible’ and potentially ‘threatening.’ Healthcare personnel described elaborate self-protection measures to avoid acquisition or transfer of germs to their own household. Healthcare personnel were motivated to implement infection control measures to protect residents, but many identified structural barriers such as understaffing and time constraints, and some reported persistent preference for soap and water. Conclusions: Healthcare personnel in vSNFs, from management to frontline staff, understood germ theory and the significance of multidrug-resistant organism transmission. However, their ability to implement infection control measures was hampered by resource limitations and mixed beliefs regarding the effectiveness of infection control measures. Self-protection from acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms was a strong motivator for healthcare personnel both outside and inside the workplace, and it could explain variation in adherence to infection control measures such as a higher hand hygiene adherence after resident care than before resident care.

First description of NDM-1-, KPC-2-, VIM-2- and IMP-4-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a single Chinese teaching hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. LIU ◽  
L.-G. WAN ◽  
Q. DENG ◽  
X.-W. CAO ◽  
Y. YU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Chinese Teaching

SUMMARYA total of 180 non-duplicate carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recovered from patients hospitalized between December 2010 and January 2012 at a Chinese hospital. Eight KPC-2, four NDM-1, one VIM-2, and five KPC-2 plus IMP-4 producers were identified and all were multidrug resistant due to the presence of other resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (CTX-M-15, SHV-12), 16S rRNA methylases (armA, rmtB) and plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants (qnrA, B, S, aac(6′)-Ib-cr). Nine K. pneumoniae clones (Kpn-A1/ST395, Kpn-A3/ST11, Kpn-A2/ST134, Kpn-B/ST263, Kpn-C/ST37, Kpn-D/ST39, Kpn-E/ST1151, Kpn-F/ST890, Kpn-G/ST1153) were identified. blaKPC-2 was located on transferable ~65 kb IncL/M (ST395, ST11, ST134, ST39) and ~100 kb IncA/C (ST37, ST1153, ST890) plasmids, respectively. On the other hand, blaNDM-1 was associated with a ~70 kb IncA/C plasmid (ST263). However, non-typable plasmids of ~40 kb containing blaVIM-2 were detected in the ST1151 clone. This work reports the first co-occurrence of four diverse types of carbapenemase of K. pneumoniae clones from a single hospital in China. IncA/C, IncL/M, and other successful plasmids may be important for the dissemination of carbapenemases, producing a complex epidemiological picture.

scholarly journals NEW INSIGHT ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL BLOODSTREAM INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNACIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e2015044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lo Menzo ◽  
Giulia La Martire ◽  
Giancarlo Ceccarelli ◽  
Mario Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Gram Negative

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in onco-hematologic patients. The Gram-negative etiology was the main responsible of the febrile neutropenia in the sixties and its impact declined due to the use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis; this situation was followed by the gradual emergence of Gram-positive bacteria also following of the increased use of intravascular devices and the introduction of new chemotherapeutic strategies. In the last decade the Gram-negative etiology is raising again because of the emergence of resistant strains that make questionable the usefulness of currentstrategies for prophylaxis and empirical treatment. Gram-negative BSI attributable mortality is relevant and the appropriate empirical treatment significantly improves the prognosis; on the other hand the delayed adequate treatment of Gram-positive BSI does not seem to have an high impact on survival. The clinician has to be aware of the epidemiology of his institution and of colonizations of his patients in order to choose the most appropriate empiric therapy. Ina setting of high endemicity of multidrug-resistant infections, even the choice of a targeted therapy can be a challenge, often requiring strategies based on off-label prescriptions and low grade evidences.In this review we summarize the current evidences for the best targeted therapies for difficult to treat bacteria BSIs and future perspectives in this topic. We also provide a flow chart for a rational approach to the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia in a multidrug resistant high prevalence setting.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Production in Catalase-Positive Gram-Positive Cocci Isolated from Brazilian Pasteurized Milk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.A. Machado ◽  
W.A. Ribeiro ◽  
V.S. Toledo ◽  
G.L.P.A. Ramos ◽  
H.C. Vigoder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Background: Milk is a reservoir for several groups of microorganisms, which may pose health risks. The aim of this work was to assess the antibiotic resistance and biofilm production in catalase-positive Gram-positive cocci isolated from Brazilian pasteurized milk. Methods: The bacteria were isolated using Baird-Parker agar and identified by MatrixAssisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. Disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility. For qualitative evaluation of biofilm production, the growth technique was used on Congo Red Agar. Results: Totally, 33 out of 64 isolates were identified, including Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=3; 4.7%), Macrococcus caseolyticus (n=14; 21.9%), and Kocuria varians (n=16; 25%). Twenty-two isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Biofilm production was detected in only 5 isolates of K. varians and 1 isolate of S. epidermidis. All 14 M. caseolyticus isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic; but, multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were not detected. Among all K. varians isolates, 4 were resistant to at least one antibiotic from three different classes and were considered to be MDR. Conclusion: The presence of antibiotic-resistant M. caseolyticus, S. epidermidis, and K. varians isolates, especially MDRs, in milk samples highlights the possible role of milk as a reservoir of resistance genes

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