scholarly journals Changes in Urinary Biomarkers of Organ Damage, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Bone Turnover Following a 3000-m Time Trial

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Takaki Tominaga ◽  
Sihui Ma ◽  
Kaoru Sugama ◽  
Kazue Kanda ◽  
Chiaki Omae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Damage Marker

Strenuous exercise induces organ damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Currently, to monitor or investigate physiological conditions, blood biomarkers are frequently used. However, blood sampling is perceived to be an invasive method and may induce stress. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a non-invasive assessment method that reflects physiological conditions. In the present study, we aimed to search for useful biomarkers of organ damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone turnover in urine following exercise. Ten male runners participated in this study and performed a 3000-m time trial. We measured biomarkers in urine collected before and immediately after exercise. Renal damage markers such as urea protein, albumin, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), and an intestinal damage marker, intestine-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), increased following exercise (p < 0.05). However, a muscle damage marker, titin N-terminal fragments, did not change (p > 0.05). Inflammation-related factors (IRFs), such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, complement (C) 5a, myeloperoxidase (MPO), calprotectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), increased whereas IRFs such as IL-4 and IL-10 decreased following exercise (p < 0.05). IRFs such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p40, and interferon (IFN)-γ did not change (p > 0.05). Oxidative stress markers, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitrotyrosine, did not change following exercise (p > 0.05) whereas 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreased (p < 0.05). Bone resorption markers, such as cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), did not change following exercise (p > 0.05). These results suggest that organ damage markers and IRFs in urine have the potential to act as non-invasive indicators to evaluate the effects of exercise on organ functions.

scholarly journals Epidermal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5 (FABP5) Involvement in Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Mitochondrial Injury under Oxidative Stress

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Yasuharu Shinoda ◽  
An Cheng ◽  
Ichiro Kawahata ◽  
Kohji Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Mitochondrial Injury ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex ◽  
Acid Binding Protein

The accumulation of α-synuclein (αSyn) has been implicated as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is growing evidence that supports mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential primary cause of dopaminergic neuronal death in PD. Here, we focused on reciprocal interactions between αSyn aggregation and mitochondrial injury induced by oxidative stress. We further investigated whether epidermal fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is related to αSyn oligomerization/aggregation and subsequent disturbances in mitochondrial function in neuronal cells. In the presence of rotenone, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor, co-overexpression of FABP5 with αSyn significantly decreased the viability of Neuro-2A cells compared to that of αSyn alone. Under these conditions, FABP5 co-localized with αSyn in the mitochondria, thereby reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, we confirmed that pharmacological inhibition of FABP5 by its ligand prevented αSyn accumulation in mitochondria, which led to cell death rescue. These results suggested that FABP5 is crucial for mitochondrial dysfunction related to αSyn oligomerization/aggregation in the mitochondria induced by oxidative stress in neurons.

Human liver-type fatty acid–binding protein protects against tubulointerstitial injury in aldosterone-induced renal injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (2) ◽  
pp. F114-F121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Ichikawa ◽  
Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori ◽  
Takeshi Sugaya ◽  
Yugo Shibagaki ◽  
Takashi Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Damage

To demonstrate the renoprotective function of human liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (hL-FABP) expressed in proximal tubules in aldosterone (Aldo)-induced renal injury, hL-FABP chromosomal transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice received systemic Aldo infusions (Tg-Aldo and WT-Aldo, respectively) were given 1% NaCl water for 28 days. In this model, elevation of systolic blood pressure, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, macrophage infiltration in the interstitium, tubulointerstitial damage, and depositions of type I and III collagens were observed. Elevation of systolic blood pressure did not differ in WT-Aldo vs. Tg-Aldo animals, however, renal injury was suppressed in Tg-Aldo compared with WT-Aldo mice. Dihydroethidium fluorescence was used to evaluate reactive oxidative stress, which was suppressed in Tg-Aldo compared with WT-Aldo mice. Gene expression of angiotensinogen in the kidney was upregulated, and excretion of urinary angiotensinogen was increased in WT-Aldo mice. This exacerbation was suppressed in Tg-Aldo mice. Expression of hL-FABP was upregulated in proximal tubules of Tg-Aldo mice. Urinary excretion of hL-FABP was significantly greater in Tg-Aldo than in Tg-control mice. In conclusion, hL-FABP ameliorated the tubulointerstitial damage in Aldo-induced renal injury via reducing oxidative stress and suppressing activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system.

scholarly journals Saliva-Omics in Plasma Cell Disorders — Proof of Concept and Potential As a Non-Invasive Tool for Monitoring Disease Burden and MRD Status

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3177-3177
Author(s):  
Ciara Tierney ◽  
Despina Bazou ◽  
Giao Le ◽  
Paul Dowling ◽  
Peter O'Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Acid Binding Protein

Abstract Salivaomics has exciting potential for the diagnosis and monitoring of malignancy, evidence of which has been reported in oral cancer (Sahibzada et al., 2017), head and neck malignancies (Citrin et al., 2012) and ovarian cancer (Chen et al., 1990). It has been observed that approximately 40% of cancer, stroke and cardiovascular disease biomarkers are present in whole saliva (Loo et al., 2010). Salivaomics has become an area of great interest in disease diagnosis over the last number of years, following the footsteps of the other "omics" based diagnostic tools. Saliva has been referred to as "the mirror of the body" as it gives an insight into the internal pathological state (Lee and Wong, 2009). As saliva is considered a fast, inexpensive and non-invasive method of sample collection, the future of diagnosis, early detection, monitoring and prediction of progression of disease has been thought to lie here. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is characterised as a premalignant precursor tumours of MM. It has been seen that the majority of MM cases develop from MGUS (Weiss et al., 2009), leading to the need for biomarkers to monitor disease progression and explore the mechanism of malignant transformation. Serum and saliva samples were collected from 18 newly diagnosed MM patients and 8 MGUS patients, peptides were purified using the filter aided sample preparation (FASP) method and samples were prepared for label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using an LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometrer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Proteins were analysed using the MaxQuant and Perseus software for mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics data analysis, UniProtKB-Swiss Prot database and KEGG Pathway database. The abundance of proteins in saliva from MGUS compared to newly diagnosed MM was analysed using label-free mass spectrometry. A panel of 6 significant proteins was identified. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 (FABP5) was detected in elevated levels in saliva from MM patients compared to MGUS. The increased expression was verified using western blotting. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 (FABP5) is known to promote cell proliferation, survival and migration (Wang et al., 2006). FABP5 has been observed to aid in the proliferation of cancer and has been seen to be overexpressed in multiple cancer types such as breast (Levi et al., 2013), prostate (Morgan et al., 2008) and HCC (Ohata et al., 2017). FABP5 has seen to link closely with poor outcome and unfavourable clinical parameters in MM (Waheed et al., 2013). Additionally, analysis was performed on serial MM patient saliva samples during treatment. A panel of significant proteins was identified when comparing the saliva proteome during treatment the abundance of many of the detected proteins mirrored response to treatment (Table 1). For example, Transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) was observed as being decreased in abundance in saliva from patients in remission. TGM3 is expressed in brain, small intestine, mucosa and skin and has been shown to be required for the cross-linking of the structural protein trichohyalin and the keratin intermediate filaments to form a rigid structure within the inner root sheath cells (Hitomi, 2005). Overexpression of TGM3 has been observed to induce oesophageal cancer (EC) cell invasion, migration and proliferation. It has also been noted that TGM3 promotes apoptosis in EC in vitro (Li et al., 2016). TGM3 has been predicted to be a potential biomarker for disease progression in MM. This study provides proof of concept that a range of biologically significant proteins of interest can be reliably detected in the saliva of MM and MGUS patients. The observation of differential expression of FABP5 between MGUS and MM identified these as candidate proteins relevant to malignant transformation of MGUS to symptomatic MM. The demonstration of decreased abundance of FABP5 after achieving remission indicates a correlation with tumour burden. This opens the opportunity to explore candidate salivary biomarkers for use in the clinic for disease monitoring and Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) assessment. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

489 Hepatocyte oxidative stress and liver fatty acid binding protein

Hepatology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
G WANG ◽  
Y GONG ◽  
D SUN ◽  
G MINUK ◽  
F BURCZYNSKI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Liver Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein

Sex-related differences of fatty acid-binding protein 4 and leptin levels in atrial fibrillation

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J N López-Canoa ◽  
M Couselo-Seijas ◽  
A Baluja ◽  
L González-Melchor ◽  
A Rozados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Af Recurrence

Abstract Aims Adiposity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Our aim was to study the sex differences in adipokines levels according to AF burden. Methods and results Two independent cohorts of patients were studied: (i) consecutive patients with AF undergoing catheter ablation (n = 217) and (ii) a control group (n = 105). (i) Adipokines, oxidative stress, indirect autonomic markers, and leucocytes mRNA levels were analysed; (ii) correlation between biomarkers was explored with heatmaps and Kendall correlation coefficients; and (iii) logistic regression and random forest model were used to determine predictors of AF recurrence after ablation. Our results showed that: (i) fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and leptin levels were higher in women than in men in both cohorts (P &lt; 0.01). In women, FABP4 levels were higher on AF cohort (20 ± 14 control, 29 ± 18 paroxysmal AF and 31 ± 17 ng/mL persistent AF; P &lt; 0.01). In men, leptin levels were lower on AF cohort (22 ± 15 control, 13 ± 16 paroxysmal AF and 13 ± 11 ng/mL persistent AF; P &lt; 0.01). (ii) In female with paroxysmal AF, there was a lower acetylcholinesterase and higher carbonic anhydrase levels with respect to men (P &lt; 0.05). (iii) Adipokines have an important role on discriminate AF recurrence after ablation. In persistent AF, FABP4 was the best predictor of recurrence after ablation (1.067, 95% confidence interval 1–1.14; P = 0.046). Conclusion The major finding of the present study is the sex-based differences of FABP4 and leptin levels according to AF burden. These adipokines are associated with oxidative stress, inflammatory and autonomic indirect markers, indicating that they may play a role in AF perpetuation.

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