Chemical Constituents, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and In Silico Study on NADPH Oxidase of Allium sativum L. (Garlic) Essential Oil

Allium sativum L., also known as garlic, is a perennial plant widely used as a spice and also considered a medicinal herb since antiquity. The aim of this study was to determine by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) the chemical profile fingerprint of the essential oil (EO) of one accession of Peruvian A. sativum (garlic), to evaluate its antioxidant activity and an in- silico study on NADPH oxidase activity of the volatile phytoconstituents. The antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and β-carotene assays. An in-silico study was carried out on NADPH oxidase (PDB ID: 2CDU), as was ADMET prediction. The results indicated that diallyl trisulfide (44.21%) is the major component of the EO, followed by diallyl disulfide (22.08%), allyl methyl trisulfide (9.72%), 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiine (4.78%), and α-bisabolol (3.32%). Furthermore, the EO showed antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (IC50 = 124.60 ± 2.3 µg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching (IC50 = 328.51 ± 2.0). The best docking score on NADPH oxidase corresponds to α-bisabolol (ΔG = −10.62 kcal/mol), followed by 5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrathiane (ΔG = −9.33 kcal/mol). Additionally, the volatile components could be linked to the observed antioxidant activity, leading to potential inhibitors of NADPH oxidase.

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Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis Essential Oil

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1081

Author(s):

Matilda Rădulescu ◽

Călin Jianu ◽

Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia ◽

Marius Mioc ◽

Alexandra Mioc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

In Silico ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Β Carotene

The investigation aimed to study the in vitro and in silico antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil (MOEO). The chemical composition of MOEO was determined using GC–MS analysis. Among 36 compounds identified in MOEO, the main were beta-cubebene (27.66%), beta-caryophyllene (27.41%), alpha-cadinene (4.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.09%), and alpha-cadinol (4.07%), respectively. In vitro antioxidant properties of MOEO have been studied in 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the radical scavenging abilities of ABTS and DPPH were 1.225 ± 0.011 μg/mL and 14.015 ± 0.027 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating good antioxidant activity. Moreover, MOEO exhibited a strong inhibitory effect (94.031 ± 0.082%) in the β-carotene bleaching assay by neutralizing hydroperoxides, responsible for the oxidation of highly unsaturated β-carotene. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that the MOEO components could exert an in vitro antioxidant activity through xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition. The most active structures are minor MOEO components (approximately 6%), among which the highest affinity for the target protein belongs to carvacrol.

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In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Mentha × smithiana R. GRAHAM Essential Oil from Western Romania

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040815 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 815

Author(s):

Călin Jianu ◽

Daniela Stoin ◽

Ileana Cocan ◽

Ioan David ◽

Georgeta Pop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

In Silico ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Β Carotene

This study was conducted to identify the volatile compounds of Mentha × smithiana essential oil (MSEO) and evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial potential. The essential oil (EO) content was assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Carvone (55.71%), limonene (18.83%), trans-carveol (3.54%), cis-carveol (2.72%), beta-bourbonene (1.94%), and caryophyllene oxide (1.59%) were the main identified compounds. The MSEO displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial effects and was also found to be the most effective antifungal agent against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The antioxidant activity of MSEO was tested against cold-pressed sunflower oil by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching methods. The EO showed strong antioxidant effects as reflected by IC50 values of 0.83 ± 0.01 mg/mL and relative antioxidative activity of 87.32 ± 0.03% in DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assays, respectively. Moreover, in the first 8 days of the incubation period, the inhibition of primary and secondary oxidation compounds induced by the MSEO (0.3 mg/mL) was significantly stronger (p < 0.05) than that of butylated hydroxyanisole. In silico molecular docking studies were conducted to highlight the underlying antimicrobial mechanism as well as the in vitro antioxidant potential. Recorded data showed that the antimicrobial activity of MSEO compounds could be exerted through the D-Alanine-d-alanine ligase (DDl) inhibition and may be attributed to a cumulative effect. The most active compounds are minor components of the MSEO. Docking results also revealed that several mint EO components could exert their in vitro antioxidant activity by employing xanthine oxidase inhibition. Consequently, MSEO could be a new natural source of antioxidants and antiseptics, with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as an alternative to the utilization of synthetic additives.

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Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of essential oil and organic extract from the peel and kernel parts of Citrus japonica Thunb. (kumquat) from Iran

Natural Product Research ◽

10.1080/14786419.2015.1101692 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1093-1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amrah Nouri ◽

Ali Shafaghatlonbar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Organic Extract

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Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Solanum spirale

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200700740 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sukanya Keawsa-ard ◽

Boonsom Liawruangrath ◽

Saisunee Liawruangrath ◽

Aphiwat Teerawutgulrag ◽

Stephen G. Pyne

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Octadecanoic Acid ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Hexahydrofarnesyl Acetone ◽

First Time ◽

Mcf 7

The essential oil of the leaves Solanum spirale Roxb. was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed for the first time using GC and GC-MS. Thirty-nine constituents were identified, constituting 73.36% of the total chromatographical oil components. ( E)-Phytol (48.10%), n-hexadecanoic acid (7.34%), β-selinene (3.67%), α-selinene (2.74%), octadecanoic acid (2.12%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (2.00%) were the major components of this oil. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The oil exhibited week antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 41.89 mg/mL. The essential oil showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 43.0 μg/mL and 21.5 μg/mL, respectively. It also showed significant cytotoxicity against KB (oral cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and NCI-H187 (small cell lung cancer) with the IC50 values of 26.42, 19.69, and 24.02 μg/mL, respectively.

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Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from leaves of Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae)

Pharmacognosy Magazine ◽

10.4103/0973-1296.160462 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (43) ◽

pp. 615 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

JacksonRoberto Guedes da Silva Almeida ◽

Camilade Souza Araújo ◽

AnaPaula de Oliveira ◽

RafaelyNascimento Lima ◽

PériclesBarreto Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents

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Ultrasound-Enhanced Subcritical Fluid Extraction of Essential Oil from Nymphaea alba var and Its Antioxidant Activity

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1448 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 1448-1454

Author(s):

Ying Zhao ◽

Yang-Yang Fan ◽

Wen-Gang Yu ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Wenju Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Fluid Extraction ◽

Water Lily ◽

Nymphaea Alba ◽

Subcritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Subcritical Fluid

Abstract Background: The essential oil content of the water lily is extremely low; thus, finding a new method that can extract essential oil from water lilies with a high extraction rate and no residual organic solvents is essential. Objective: The optimal processing conditions for the ultrasound-enhanced subcritical fluid extraction of essential oil from Nymphaea alba var (red water lily) and the antioxidant activity of the essential oil in vitro are investigated to provide theoretical bases for identification and development. Methods: Single-factor experiments and orthogonal designs are performed to determine the effects of extraction conditions on essential oil yields. The chemical composition of essential oil is analyzed using GC–MS. Results: The optimum extraction parameters are established as follows: extraction temperature, 35°C; extraction time, 30 min/time for four times; ratio of material to liquid, 1:3; ultrasound power, 250 W/L; and ultrasonic frequency, 20 kHz. The extraction rate of essential oil is 0.315% under these conditions. Eleven components comprise more than 1% content. The main chemical constituents are 8-hexadecyne (31.04%) and 2,6,10-trimethyl-tetradecane (3.95%). The essential oil from N. alba var has an antioxidant activity in vitro; however, its antioxidant activity is weaker than that of butylated hydroxytoluene. Conclusions: Subcritical fluid is suitable for the extraction of essential oil from N. alba var, and the essential oil has a good antioxidant activity. Highlights: The essential oil content of N. alba var is 0.315%. Forty-seven chemical constituents are identified and isolated from N. alba var and analyzed by GC–MS.

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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Anti-cholinesterase Activity of Cordia gilletii (Boraginaceae) Leaves Essential Oil

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600225 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marco Bonesi ◽

Philippe N. Okusa ◽

Rosa Tundis ◽

Monica R. Loizzo ◽

Federica Menichini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Bleaching Test ◽

Total Oil ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Terpene Derivatives

This study aimed to investigate for the first time the chemical composition, the antioxidant properties and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Cordia gilletii De Wild (Boraginaceae). The essential oil, characterized by 23 constituents (90.1% of the total oil), was constituted by terpene derivatives (25.6%) and non-terpene derivatives (64.5%), among which aldehydes, fatty acids and alkanes were present with the percentage of 16.5%, 18.8% and 23.1%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of C. gilletii essential oil was screened by two in vitro tests: DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test. The essential oil revealed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 75.0 and 129.9 μg/mL on DPPH radical and β-carotene decoloration tests, respectively. Moreover, C. gilletii inhibited AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 105.6 μg/mL.

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In Vitro Antidiabetic, Anti-Obesity and Antioxidant Analysis of Ocimum basilicum Aerial Biomass and in Silico Molecular Docking Simulations with Alpha-Amylase and Lipase Enzymes

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology8040092 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zoy I Noor ◽

Dildar Ahmed ◽

Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman ◽

Muhammad Tariq Qamar ◽

Matheus Froeyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Essential Oil ◽

In Silico ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Free Energy Calculations ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

In Silico Molecular Docking

The present study explored phytochemicals, porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) and lipase (PPL) inhibitory activities and antioxidant potential of polar and nonpolar extracts of the leaves and flowers of Ocimum basilicum and the in-silico mode of interaction between these enzymes and the major chemical constituents of the herb. The hexane extract (HE) and hydro-ethanolic extract (EE) obtained sequentially were used to estimate PPA and PPL inhibitory and antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Chemical constituents of the essential oils and HE were determined by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). For PPA inhibition, IC50 (µg/mL) of the extracts were 0.27–0.37, which were close to 0.24 of acarbose, while for PPL inhibition, IC50 (µg/mL) of the extracts were 278.40–399.65, and that of Orlistat 145.72. The flowers EE was most potent antioxidant followed by leaves EE. The leaves EE had highest TPC and TFC followed of flowers EE. The essential oil of flowers had higher estragole (55%) than linalool (37%), while the essential oil of the leaves had higher linalool (42%) than estragole (38%). The HE of the flowers contained higher estragole (42%) than linalool (23%), while of the HE of the leaves too had higher estragole (65%) than linalool (18%). The in-silico molecular docking study showed linalool and estragole to have considerable PPA and PPL binding potential, which were further investigated through molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. The PPA and PPL inhibitory activities of O. basilicum extracts and their notable antioxidant potential propose the herb as a multi-target complimentary medicine for diabetes, obesity and oxidative stress.

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM LEAVES OF AJUGA PARVIFLORA BENTH

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s2.28529 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Sanjay Kumar ◽

Mohammad S Javed ◽

Pawan Kumar ◽

Rishendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the phytogenic chemical compounds and assess their antibacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Ajuga parviflora Benth. growing in the Himalayan region. Methods: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of essential oil were isolated by steam distillation and screened by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis from A. parviflora is rich in oxygenated monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The essential oil was further evaluated for their antibacterial by well-diffusion method and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay at various concentrations. Results: The major chemical constituents were α-cadinol (21.36%), α-muurolol (14.2%), cubebol (12.76%), germacrene D-4-ol (9.6%), germacrene D (4.32%), farnesyl acetate (3.58%), longifolol acetate (2.76%), and β-bourbonene (2.35 %) whereas monoterpenoids were minor constituents. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) shown by essential oil against test bacterial strains at concentration of 500 μg/ml to Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.6 mm), Escherichia coli (5 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (8.6 mm), and Proteus vulgaris (10.7 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (8.3 mm). At the same time, ZOI of standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin against test bacterial strains was P. aeruginosa (9.6 mm), E. coli (14.3mm), S. typhimurium (19.3 mm), P. vulgaris (17.8 mm), and B. subtilis (20.6 mm), respectively. The free radical scavenging property of A. parviflora employed by in vitro assay methods like scavenging activity of DPPH was 81% at 500 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that α-cadinol, α-muurolol, and cubebol as the major components in this oil which was absent in previous findings of A. parviflora and essential oil had potent antibacterial and antioxidant activity, respectively.

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