Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Solanum spirale

The essential oil of the leaves Solanum spirale Roxb. was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed for the first time using GC and GC-MS. Thirty-nine constituents were identified, constituting 73.36% of the total chromatographical oil components. ( E)-Phytol (48.10%), n-hexadecanoic acid (7.34%), β-selinene (3.67%), α-selinene (2.74%), octadecanoic acid (2.12%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (2.00%) were the major components of this oil. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The oil exhibited week antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 41.89 mg/mL. The essential oil showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 43.0 μg/mL and 21.5 μg/mL, respectively. It also showed significant cytotoxicity against KB (oral cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and NCI-H187 (small cell lung cancer) with the IC50 values of 26.42, 19.69, and 24.02 μg/mL, respectively.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIOXIDANT, CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDY OF CAPPARIS CARTILAGINEA DECNEFROM YEMEN

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i6.22905 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Bushra Abdulkarim Moharram ◽

Hassan M. Al-mahbashi ◽

Riyadh Saif Ali ◽

Faten Ali Aqlan

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Human Lung ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: To investigate phytochemicals and biological activities of Capparis cartilaginea extracts.Methods: The methanolic extracts of leaves, stem and twigs of C. cartilaginea were screened for their phytochemicals. The essential oil of the leaves was hydrodistilled by a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaves extract of C. cartilaginea was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect, using formalin-induced paw edema. The leaves, stem and twig extracts were assessed for their antioxidant activity, using free radical scavenging assay, cytotoxic activity, using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and antibacterial activity, using the microdilution method.Results: All extracts of C. cartilaginea contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, protein, coumarin, phytosterols, bitter principles, phenols and tannins. The essential oil of the leaves was mainly composed of isopropyl isothiocyanate (69.4%), butane,1-isothiocyanate (26.97%) and isobutyl isothiocyanate (3.26%). The leaves extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, significantly inhibited paw edema at the 3rd h (49.1%, 54.0%, respectively) and this effect was comparable to that of diclofenac (58.87%). The leaves extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 91.71 µg/ml. The twigs extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma (A549) with IC50 of 57.5 µg/ml. The leaves and stem extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.0 mg/ml. Conclusion: The leaves extract of C. cartilaginea is a potential source of bioactive compounds that could have a role in anti-inflammation. Twigs extract of the C. cartilaginea possesses a potential cytotoxic effect on human lung cell line.

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM LEAVES OF AJUGA PARVIFLORA BENTH

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s2.28529 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Sanjay Kumar ◽

Mohammad S Javed ◽

Pawan Kumar ◽

Rishendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the phytogenic chemical compounds and assess their antibacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Ajuga parviflora Benth. growing in the Himalayan region. Methods: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of essential oil were isolated by steam distillation and screened by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis from A. parviflora is rich in oxygenated monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The essential oil was further evaluated for their antibacterial by well-diffusion method and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay at various concentrations. Results: The major chemical constituents were α-cadinol (21.36%), α-muurolol (14.2%), cubebol (12.76%), germacrene D-4-ol (9.6%), germacrene D (4.32%), farnesyl acetate (3.58%), longifolol acetate (2.76%), and β-bourbonene (2.35 %) whereas monoterpenoids were minor constituents. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) shown by essential oil against test bacterial strains at concentration of 500 μg/ml to Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.6 mm), Escherichia coli (5 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (8.6 mm), and Proteus vulgaris (10.7 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (8.3 mm). At the same time, ZOI of standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin against test bacterial strains was P. aeruginosa (9.6 mm), E. coli (14.3mm), S. typhimurium (19.3 mm), P. vulgaris (17.8 mm), and B. subtilis (20.6 mm), respectively. The free radical scavenging property of A. parviflora employed by in vitro assay methods like scavenging activity of DPPH was 81% at 500 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that α-cadinol, α-muurolol, and cubebol as the major components in this oil which was absent in previous findings of A. parviflora and essential oil had potent antibacterial and antioxidant activity, respectively.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb Essential Oil

Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research ◽

10.9734/ajacr/2021/v9i430224 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

Fatiha Abdellah ◽

Badra Boubakeur ◽

Noura Ayad ◽

Laid Boukraa ◽

Si Mohamed Hammoudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Mic Value

Aims: In this study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata were investigated. Study design: The study contains determination of the chemical composition of the essential oil of E. caryophyllata and the in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of this oil. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the laboratory of research on local animal products of Ibn-Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria during the period from December 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: The essential oil composition was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometrical analyses. The antibacterial activity of this oil was tested against four pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 by using disc diffusion method and agar incorporation method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the tested oil. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results: Our results have shown a greater antibacterial effect of E. caryophyllata essential oil against all the bacterial tested strains with inhibition zone diameters varied from 17.5 to 20.5 mm and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.8 μl / ml and 4.4 μl / ml, B. cereus and S. aureus are the most sensitive species with a MIC value of 0.8 μl / ml, however P. aeruginosa is the most resistant species with a MIC value of 4.4 μl / ml. The result of the antioxidant effect showed that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata is a powerful antioxidant that expresses a higher antioxidant activity than the standard antioxidants: gallic acid, vitamin C and BHT. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata has a strong antibacterial and antioxidant effect and it may be an alternative natural source medicine to prevent and treat many diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and oxidative stress.

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Antioxidant Activities of a New Chemotype of Piper cubeba L. Fruit Essential Oil (Methyleugenol/Eugenol): In Silico Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1534

Author(s):

Fahad Alminderej ◽

Sana Bakari ◽

Tariq I. Almundarij ◽

Mejdi Snoussi ◽

Kaïss Aouadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Important Species ◽

Antioxidant Power

Piper cubeba L. fruit is an important species used in folk medicine for different types of pains such as rheumatism, chills, flu, colds, muscular aches, and fever. This study examines the chemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and potential inhibitory effect against human peroxiredoxin 5, a key enzyme of P. cubeba essential oil from fruits. Using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the principal components were methyleugenol (41.31%) and eugenol (33.95%), followed by (E)-caryophyllene (5.65%), p-cymene-8-ol (3.50%), 1,8-cineole (2.94%), and α-terpinolene (1.41%). Results showed similar scavenging activity via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 110.00 ± 0.08 μg/mL), as well as very potent antioxidant activity against both ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) (106.00 ± 0.11 μg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching (IC50 = 315.00 ± 2.08 μg/mL) assays when compared to positive butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid. The molecular docking approach has also been performed to screen the antioxidant activities of the major and potent compounds against human protein target peroxiredoxin 5. Results showed good binding profiles and attributed the strongest inhibitory activity to β-caryophyllene oxide (–5.8 kcal/mol), followed respectively by isocembrol and α-selinene (–5.4 kcal/mol), and viridiflorol (–5.1 kcal/mol). Furthermore, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)-related physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties have been assessed and support our in vitro findings. This work demonstrates the powerful antioxidant potency of cubeba pepper and paves the way for the discovery and development of antioxidant agent with high potency.

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Persicaria lapathifolia Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Allelopathic Effect on the Weed Echinochloa colona

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091798 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1798

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽

Giuliano Bonanomi ◽

Sarah A. Al-Rashed ◽

Abdelsamed I. Elshamy

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ic50 Values

The exploration of new green, ecofriendly bioactive compounds has attracted the attention of researchers and scientists worldwide to avoid the harmful effects of chemically synthesized compounds. Persicaria lapathifolia has been reported to have various bioactive compounds, while its essential oil (EO) has not been determined yet. The current work dealt with the first description of the chemical composition of the EO from the aerial parts of P. lapathifolia, along with studying its free radical scavenging activity and herbicidal effect on the weed Echinochloa colona. Twenty-one volatile compounds were identified via GC–MS analysis. Nonterpenoids were the main components, with a relative concentration of 58.69%, in addition to terpenoids (37.86%) and carotenoid-derived compounds (1.75%). n-dodecanal (22.61%), α-humulene (11.29%), 2,4-dimethylicosane (8.97%), 2E-hexenoic acid (8.04%), γ-nonalactone (3.51%), and limonene (3.09%) were characterized as main compounds. The extracted EO exhibited substantial allelopathic activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of the weed E. colona in a dose-dependent manner, showing IC50 values of 77.27, 60.84, and 33.80 mg L−1, respectively. In addition, the P. lapathifolia EO showed substantial antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. The EO attained IC50 values of 159.69 and 230.43 mg L−1, for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, while ascorbic acid exhibited IC50 values 47.49 and 56.68 mg L−1, respectively. The present results showed that the emergent leafy stems of aquatic plants such as P. lapathifolia have considerably low content of the EO, which exhibited substantial activities such as antioxidant and allelopathic activities. Further study is recommended to evaluate the effects of various environmental and climatic conditions on the production and composition of the EOs of P. lapathifolia.

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Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Fruit of Ficus Altissima

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1125 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 554-556 ◽

pp. 1125-1128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

De La Zhang ◽

Yu Hong Feng ◽

Zhen Yi Liang ◽

Qiang Lin ◽

Jing Xu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radical ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Dibutyl Phthalate ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Landscape Plant ◽

Main Components ◽

First Time

The chemical composition of hydrodistilled oil from the fruit residue of Ficus altissima was analyzed for the first time by GC/GC–MS. As a result, a total of seventeen compounds were identified, representing all of the oil. Aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters and alkylenes were found to compose three major chemotype accounted for 64.25%, 26.00% and 9.75% of the oil, respectively. The main components was demonstrated to be dibutyl phthalate(18.14%), n-docosane(7.94%), diisooctyl phthalate(7.86%), n-heptadecane(7.70%), n-tricosane(7.68%), phytane(7.19%). Antioxidant activity of the oil was assessed by the free radical scavenging (DPPH). The study offers theoretic basis for pharmaceutical utilization of the landscape plant F. altissima.

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Chemical composition and biological activities of the Agaricus mushrooms

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.5564/mjc.v14i0.197 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 41-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L Munkhgerel ◽

N Erdenechimeg ◽

B Tselmuungarav ◽

B Amartuvshin ◽

Ts Bolor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Mongolian Flora ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

First Time

Two species of Agaricus mushroom grown in Mongolia were analyzed for their element content. Biological activity and chemical components study of Agaricus, grown in the Mongolian flora has been investigated for the first time. The ethanol extracts of dried Agaricus sp. mushrooms were analyzed for antioxidant activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and interferon-like activity. The ethanol extracts from Agaricus arvensis showed the most potent radical scavenging activity. The IC50 of A. silvaticus and A. arvensis were 216 and 17.75 g/ml respectively. Among the twenty three mushroom extracts, the extracts from A. silvatisus and A. arvensis have shown the interferon-like activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.197Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p41-45

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Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil from the leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus L.

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i1.49098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 91-96

Author(s):

Omer Elkiran ◽

Cumhur Avşar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽

First Time

The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil (EO), obtained from the leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus naturally grown in the northernmost of Turkey were determined by GC and GC-MS and chemical differences were discussed with the help of chemotaxonomy. The leaves of the plant samples were hydro-distilled to produce oil in the yields of 1%. Nineteen components were identified representing 96.4% of the oil. The main compounds in the EO of V. myrtillus were; 1,8-cineole (38.6%), α- pinene (21%), linalool (19.5%), α-terpineol (5.8%). The EO extract was screened for their antimicrobial activities against the 9 bacteria and 3 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC procedure. The EO extract displayed more effective against all the tested bacteria (especially, S. aureus ATCC 6538 and MRSA) and yeast (only C. krusei). The MIC values of sample against tested microorganisms were found to be in the range of 320 to ≥1280 μg/ml. The most effective MIC values were observed against the S. aureus and MRSA (320 μg/ml). In vitro the antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenly-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was evaluated for the EO extract, and it was found that the extract had good antioxidant activity in the range of the IC50 = 583.4 ±11 μg ml. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the EO from the leaves of V. myrtillus has been reported for the first time.

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Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Flowers of Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Bess. Growing Wild in Western Himalaya, India

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2019.21970 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 1762-1766

Author(s):

Shameem Ahmad Shameem ◽

Khaliquz Zaman Khan ◽

Ajaz Ahmad Waza ◽

Abid Hussain Banday ◽

Asiya Ramzan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Western Himalayas ◽

Human Colon Cancer ◽

Hct 116 ◽

Artemisia Dubia

The flowers of Artemisia dubia wall ex Bess., on hydrodistillation provided a refreshing violet-blue viscous essential oil with sweet woody odour. The oil was found to be a complex mixture of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their esters. A total of 67 chemical constituents comprising 79.43 % of the oil were characterized with the help of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Major chemical constituents of the oil were characterized as nerylisovalerate (9.79 %), 1,8-cineole (8.32 %), neryl-2-methyl-butanoate (7.32 %), chamazulene (5.92 %), linalool (4.15 %), camphor (4.10 %), germacrene D (4.04 %), nerol (3.37 %), linalyl propionate (3.32 %). The investigations performed on the flower essential oil of A. dubia allowed the distinction of this plant growing in the temperate Kashmir region of western Himalayas from the same plant with different varieties growing in different parts of the world. The essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Candida species and was found to be active against the tested strains with more sensitivity against C. paropsilosis and C. krusei strains. The antioxidant activity evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay evidenced that the essential oil has moderate antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative ability of the oil was evaluated by MTT assay against the two cell lines A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells) and HCT-116 (human colon cancer cells). The essential oil effectively inhibits the growth of A549 and HCT-116 cancer cells at 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL concentration, respectively.

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Antitumoral and Anticholinesterasic Activities of the Seven Species from Rubiaceae

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666190211154550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 302-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carla R.F. Volobuff ◽

Pedro C.O. Junior ◽

Sidney M. dos Santos ◽

Zefa V. Pereira ◽

Diego C. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

First Time ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Antiproliferative Activities ◽

Mcf 7

Background: The genus Psychotria and Palicourea are reported as a source of alkaloids and iridoids, which exhibit biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities and quantification of the alkaloids of seven species among the genus found in Mato Grosso do Sul region in Brazil. Methods: Concentrations of alkaloids were measured spectrophotometrically. The extracts were submitted to antiproliferative activity against ten cell lines. The anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was developed using brain structures of male Wistar rats: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum by the Ellman method. Results: Alkaloids from Psychotria and Palicourea species were quantified which showed values of 47.6 to 21.9 µg/g. Regarding the antiproliferative potential, Palicourea crocea demonstrated selectivity against the 786-0 cell line (GI50: 22.87 µg/mL). Psychotria leiocarpa inhibited cell growth against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 3.28 µg/mL), K-562 (GI50: 5.26 µg/mL), HaCaT (GI50: 27.20 µg/mL), PC-3 (GI50: 34.92 µg/mL), MCF-7 (GI50: 35.80 µg/mL) and P. capillacea showed activity against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 2.33 µg/ml) and U251 (GI50: 16.66 µg/ml). The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition was more effective in the hippocampus, demonstrating inhibition for Paliourea crocea, Psychotria deflexa, P. brachybotrya and P. leiocarpa of 70%, 57%, 50% and 40%, respectively, followed by P. poeppigiana and P. capillacea, inhibiting 21%, compared to the control. Conclusion: Herein, the present work showed for the first time, anticholinesterasic and antiproliferative activities of extracts of Palicourea and Psychotria seem to be mainly associated with the levels of alkaloids in the leaves of these species.

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