scholarly journals Inhibition of Estrogenic Response of Yeast Screen Assay by Exposure to Non-Lethal Levels of Metallic Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3796
Author(s):  
Byoung-cheun Lee ◽  
Cuong N. Duong ◽  
Jungkon Kim ◽  
Suejin Kim ◽  
Ig-chun Eom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
17Β Estradiol

In order to investigate the effects of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on the performance of in vitro bioassay, zinc oxide NP (ZnO NP), aluminum oxide NP (Al2O3 NP), bare silver NP (Ag NP), and Ag NP capped with citrate (Agcit NP) were evaluated with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y190) two-hybrid system (YES assay), carrying Japanese medaka estrogen receptors (mERs) in the presence of 17β-estradiol (E2, 10−6 M), a reference chemical for estrogenic activity. The distribution of NPs in the yeast was also examined by field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). The results show that TEM analysis revealed that NPs were present inside the yeast and accumulated deep inside the cell organelles, suggesting that cell death was caused by NPs. However, despite no significant change of mortality, the E2 estrogenic activities in yeast exposed to ZnO NP and Al2O3 NP were dose-dependently reduced. For Ag NP and Agcit NP, such phenomenon observed in the exposure of ZnO NP and Al2O3 NP did not occur. From the observations, we found that ZnO NP and Al2O3 NP in the environmental media could result in underestimated estrogenicity of endocrine-disrupting compounds when evaluated by YES assay.

Balancing the budget of environmental estrogen exposure: the contribution of recycled water

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic D. L. Leusch ◽  
Michael R. Moore ◽  
Heather F. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (e-EDCs) are present in treated sewage and there is concern about estrogenicity of potable recycled water. However e-EDCs are also present in other environmental media and intake from water needs to be considered in relation to these other sources. The concentrations of 13 e-EDCs in foodstuffs and drinking water are reviewed, their predicted concentrations in recycled water are estimated, and the daily estrogenic intake as 17β-estradiol equivalent (EEq) based on both in vitro and in vivo potencies is calculated as 1.39 and 9.65 μg EEq/d, respectively. Dietary intake accounts for more than 99.8% of that total, and more than 84.2% is due to phytosterols. Drinking 2 L of recycled water per day is expected to add 0.001 to 0.016 μg EEq/d based on in vitro and in vivo potencies, respectively. Exposure to e-EDCs in recycled water is therefore likely to be insignificant compared to current dietary intakes.

scholarly journals Dietary Nanoparticles Interact with Gluten Peptides and Alter the Intestinal Homeostasis Increasing the Risk of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6102
Author(s):  
Clara Mancuso ◽  
Francesca Re ◽  
Ilaria Rivolta ◽  
Luca Elli ◽  
Elisa Gnodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Gluten Peptides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies ◽  
Junction Proteins

The introduction of metallic nanoparticles (mNPs) into the diet is a matter of concern for human health. In particular, their effect on the gastrointestinal tract may potentially lead to the increased passage of gluten peptides and the activation of the immune response. In consequence, dietary mNPs could play a role in the increasing worldwide celiac disease (CeD) incidence. We evaluated the potential synergistic effects that peptic-tryptic-digested gliadin (PT) and the most-used food mNPs may induce on the intestinal mucosa. PT interaction with mNPs and their consequent aggregation was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses and UV–Vis spectra. In vitro experiments on Caco-2 cells proved the synergistic cytotoxic effect of PT and mNPs, as well as alterations in the monolayer integrity and tight junction proteins. Exposure of duodenal biopsies to gliadin plus mNPs triggered cytokine production, but only in CeD biopsies. These results suggest that mNPs used in the food sector may alter intestinal homeostasis, thus representing an additional environmental risk factor for the development of CeD.

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Wastewater Assessed Using in Vitro Cell-Based Assays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamo R. Petosa ◽  
Monica Nowierski ◽  
Viviane Yargeau
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Receiving Waters

Abstract Bioanalytical tools, namely in vitro bioassays, can be employed in tandem with chemical analyses to assess the efficacy of wastewater treatment and the potential for adverse effects from the discharges of wastewater into receiving waters. In the present study, samples of untreated wastewater (i.e. influent) and treated wastewater (i.e. effluent) were collected from two wastewater treatment plants and a wastewater treatment lagoon serving municipalities in southern Ontario, Canada. In addition, grab samples of surface water were collected downstream of the lagoon discharge. After solid phase extraction (SPE) using ion-exchange columns for basic/neutral and acidic compounds, respectively, the extracts were analyzed for a suite of 16 indicator compounds. The two SPE extracts were combined for analysis of biological responses in four in vitro cell-based bioassays. The concentrations of several indicator compounds, including the estrogens, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol, were below the limits of detection. However, androstenedione and estrone were detected in several influent samples. The concentrations of these steroid hormones and some of the other indicator compounds declined during treatment but acesulfame K, carbamazepine, trimethoprim and DEET persisted in the effluent. The MTS- CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) indicated that cell viability was not affected by exposure to the extracts. The Qiagen Nuclear Receptors 10-Pathway Reporter Array indicated that several cellular pathways were upregulated, with the greatest upregulation observed with the estrogen receptor (i.e. induction ratios 12 to 47) and the liver X receptor (i.e. induction ratios 10 to 45). The ERα CALUX assay indicated that estrogenic activity was lower in effluents compared to influents, with the greatest estrogenic activity observed for grab samples of influent from the lagoon (i.e. 56-215 ng L-1 17β-estradiol equivalents). Finally, the results of the Nrf2 Luciferase Luminescence Assay indicated a lower oxidative stress in the effluent samples. Overall, the present study demonstrates that chemical analyses are limited in their ability to predict or explain reductions in the toxicity of treated wastewater. There are thus advantages to using a combination of chemical analyses and in vitro bioassays to monitor the treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment plants and to predict the potential impacts of wastewater discharges into receiving waters.

ULTRAFINE CONTROL OF Cu NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC EFFECT ON E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850214
Author(s):  
QINGBIN WANG ◽  
LIANGYUAN SHI ◽  
YUN YANG ◽  
HUI HUANG ◽  
YI JIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Cluster Technique ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Potential Applications

Metallic nanoparticles have attracted intense interest for the potential applications in biocompatibility due to the reduced particle size. However, the methods to produce metallic nanoparticles usually produce an inhomogeneous size distribution. In this work, Cu nanoparticles were generated using a gas-aggregation cluster source technique, employing a specially designed quadrupole mass filter to control the size of the nanoparticles with a mass resolution (m/[Formula: see text]m) of 5. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis was used to confirm the size control of our technique. The generally high angular electronic scattering analysis revealed the spherical shapes of the Cu nanoparticles. We used beams of these nanoparticles to prepare nano-granular films on a Si substrate. Their antibacterial effect of the modified materials on Escherichia coli was assessed by means of a bacterial adhesion test. Our results may not only reveal the cluster technique to produce the uniform metallic nanoparticles, but also form the basis of antibacterial applications.

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite as an Oral Care Ingredient according to the EU Cosmetics Regulation

Cosmetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Ramis ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Alba Córdoba ◽  
Paulo Quadros ◽  
Marta Monjo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Care ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dissolution Behaviour ◽  
Gingival Epithelium

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP-NP) are incorporated in oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes to treat dental sensitivity or to promote enamel remineralisation. Despite the good performance of HAP-NP in this application, it is important to ensure its safety for consumers. For that reason, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) evaluated the safety of HAP-NP as an oral care ingredient, but the issued opinion was not completely conclusive and the SCCS recommended that additional tests should be performed. Here, we used a commercially available human gingival epithelium (HGE) as a non-animal alternative and MTT cell viability, LDH activity, and IL-1alpha production were evaluated after 3.1% HAP-NP treatment for 10 min, 1 h, and 3 h. Moreover, the absorption of HAP-NP in the gingival tissue was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Finally, the dissolution behaviour of HAP-NP in simulated gastric fluid was also investigated. No deleterious effect was observed for HGE tissues incubated with HAP-NP for all time-points and parameters evaluated. Moreover, a complete dissolution of 3.1% HAP-NP in simulated gastric fluid was observed after 7.5 min at 37 °C. In conclusion, our results evidence the safety of HAP-NP for oral care products with the use of an in vitro replacement alternative for human gingival epithelium and a simulated gastric fluid assay.

A New Frontier Drug Development in Nanomedicine and Itsanti-Urolithiatic Activity of Kalanchoe Pinnata

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
F. Janeeta Priya ◽  
A. Leema Rose ◽  
S. Vidhya ◽  
A Arputharaj ◽  
S. Akshana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
Stock Pile ◽  
Ft Ir

Latterly, the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has stock pile and terminal interest over the last decade due to their idiosyncratic properties that make them felicitous in various fields of science and technology. In this study the silver nanoparticles can be manufacture by using the leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata plant using microwave radiation method. The nanoparticles that are synthesized by plants are non-toxic and eco-friendly and it is characterized by using UV-Visible, FT-IR , X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM.The crystalline natures of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were identified by XRD and its shape was confirmed by TEM analysis. Anti-urolithiatic activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles was accomplished which reduces the growth of kidney stone which was appraisal by using the In-Vitro growth of urinary calculi.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of baicalein loaded phytosomes: Assessment of in vitro parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
KanchanV Zade ◽  
Alok Pal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron

Phytosome is a complex between natural active ingredient and a phospholipid. Further, phytosomes been applied to many popular herbal extracts or active molecules for augmenting oral dissolution. Therefore, in present investigation, orally administered Baicalein, atype of flavanoids, is poorly absorbed, and shows suboptimal dissolution. The phytosomes encapsulating baicalein (1:1 Mm) were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method followed by lyophilization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that phytosomes were almost spherical in shape with particle size below 100 nm. The Powder ex-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that Baicalein loaded phytosomes were amorphous in nature. Amorphization of therapeutic moiety leads to improvement in dissolution. In conclusion, epigallocatechin loaded phytosomes exhibited promising results and warrant further in vitro andin vivo investigations under a set of stringent parameters for transforming in to a clinically viable products.

scholarly journals A New Frontier Drug Development in Nanomedicine and Itsanti-Urolithiatic Activity of Kalanchoe Pinnata

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
F. Janeeta Priya ◽  
A. Leema Rose ◽  
S. Vidhya ◽  
A Arputharaj ◽  
S. Akshana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
Stock Pile ◽  
Ft Ir

Latterly, the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has stock pile and terminal interest over the last decade due to their idiosyncratic properties that make them felicitous in various fields of science and technology. In this study the silver nanoparticles can be manufacture by using the leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata plant using microwave radiation method. The nanoparticles that are synthesized by plants are non-toxic and eco-friendly and it is characterized by using UV-Visible, FT-IR , X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM.The crystalline natures of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were identified by XRD and its shape was confirmed by TEM analysis. Anti-urolithiatic activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles was accomplished which reduces the growth of kidney stone which was appraisal by using the In-Vitro growth of urinary calculi.

Silver Doped Nano-Sized Bioglass Ceramics: Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinnasamy Ramaraj Mariappan ◽  
Narender Ranga
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bending Vibrations ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Calcium Phosphosilicate ◽  
Uv Visible

We report on the structural and biocompatibility properties of nanosized calcium phosphosilicate bioglass ceramics doped with 0, 2, 4 and 6 mol% Ag2O. Silver doped bioceramics were synthesized by sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The XRD reveals the glass-ceramic nature of the samples. The FT-IR spectra show the possible stretching and bending vibrations of silicate and phosphate groups. Absorptions in UV-visible spectra reveal the silver embedment as Ag+/Ago form into the glass matrix. nanosize of the glass ceramics is confirmed by HR-TEM analysis. The bioactivity of silver doped bioceramics was investigated by in-vitro method with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagel’s Medium. It confirms the formation of bone-like hydroxylapatite layer formation on the surface of bioceramics.

scholarly journals Investigation of In Vitro Endocrine Activities of Microcystis and Planktothrix Cyanobacterial Strains

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittoria Mallia ◽  
Lada Ivanova ◽  
Gunnar S. Eriksen ◽  
Emma Harper ◽  
Lisa Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Agonist And Antagonist ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Potential Risks

Cyanobacteria are cosmopolitan photosynthetic prokaryotes that can form dense accumulations in aquatic environments. They are able to produce many bioactive metabolites, some of which are potentially endocrine disrupting compounds, i.e., compounds that interfere with the hormonal systems of animals and humans. Endocrine disruptors represent potential risks to both environmental and human health, making them a global challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential endocrine disrupting activities with emphasis on estrogenic effects of extracts from cultures of Microcystis or Planktothrix species. We also assessed the possible role of microcystins, some of the most studied cyanobacterial toxins, and thus included both microcystin-producing and non-producing strains. Extracts from 26 cyanobacterial cultures were initially screened in estrogen-, androgen-, and glucocorticoid-responsive reporter-gene assays (RGAs) in order to identify endocrine disruption at the level of nuclear receptor transcriptional activity. Extracts from selected strains were tested repeatedly in the estrogen-responsive RGAs, but the observed estrogen agonist and antagonist activity was minor and similar to that of the cyanobacteria growth medium control. We thus focused on another, non-receptor mediated mechanism of action, and studied the 17β-estradiol (natural estrogen hormone) biotransformation in human liver microsomes in the presence or absence of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), or an extract from the MC-LR producing M. aeruginosa PCC7806 strain. Our results show a modulating effect on the estradiol biotransformation. Thus, while 2-hydroxylation was significantly decreased following co-incubation of 17β-estradiol with MC-LR or M. aeruginosa PCC7806 extract, the relative concentration of estrone was increased.

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