scholarly journals Extraction of Alkaloids Using Ultrasound from Pulp and By-Products of Soursop Fruit (Annona muricata L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Aguilar-Hernández ◽  
Luis Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo ◽  
María de Lourdes García-Magaña ◽  
María de los Ángeles Vivar-Vera ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Larios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Bond ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content

The main goal of this work was to measure the total alkaloid content (TALC) from pulp, peel, seed, and columella of soursop fruit (Annona muricata L.) by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and to obtain the best conditions of the UAE with the response surface methodology (RSM). We evaluated the effect of amplitude (40%, 70%, and 100%), time (5, 10, and 15 min) and pulse-cycles (0.4, 0.7, and 1 s) and compared the best UAE conditions of alkaloids with a conventional extraction (maceration). The structural characterization of the raw material with the highest TALC was developed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques [1H, 13C, heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY)]. According to the RSM, the best conditions in the UAE for extracting alkaloids varied depending on the type of plant tissue. It took 5 min with an amplitude of 70% and pulse-cycles of 1, 0.4, and 1 s, respectively, to extract the highest TALC in peel, seed, and columella while the optimal conditions for extracting the largest amount of alkaloids from the pulp were obtained at 5 min in UAE with pulse-cycles of 0.55 s and 100% amplitude. The TALC was highest in the peel (7.48 mg/g), which was followed by the seed (2.31 mg/g), the pulp (1.20 mg/g), and the columella (0.79 mg/g) and was positively correlated (R2 = 0.98–0.88) with the predicted values. In addition, the extraction alkaloids from the peel, pulp, seed, and columella using the UAE was 56.31, 5.45, 3.06, and 2.96 times higher, respectively, than the extraction by maceration. The alkaloids identified in the peel have not been reported and were nornuciferin, assimilobin, anonaine, and isolaureline. This study showed that the soursop fruit peel can be a source of alkaloids and that UAE has an important potential for extracting these compounds.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Acetogenins from the Soursop Fruit by Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Aguilar-Hernández ◽  
María de los Ángeles Vivar-Vera ◽  
María de Lourdes García-Magaña ◽  
Napoleón González-Silva ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Larios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
By Products

The soursop fruit or Annona muricata (A. muricata) fruit is recognized by its bioactive compounds and acetogenins (ACG) are among the most important. The effect of ACGs, with greater importance in health, is that they present anti-tumor activity; however, the methods of extraction of ACGs are very slow and with a high expenditure of solvents. To our knowledge, there is no report of an optimal method for the extraction of acetogenins from the Annonaceae family by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE); therefore, the aim was to find the best UEA conditions of acetogenins from A. muricata fruit (peel, pulp, seed, and columella) by using response surface methodology. The effect of amplitude (40%, 70%, and 100%), time (5, 10, and 15 min), and pulse-cycle (0.4, 0.7, and 1 s) of ultrasound at 24 kHz was evaluated on the total acetogenin content (TAC). Optimal extraction conditions of acetogenins (ACGs) with UEA were compared with the extraction of ACGs by maceration. The optimal UEA conditions in the A. muricata pulp and by-products were dependent on each raw material. The highest TAC was found in the seed (13.01 mg/g dry weight (DW)), followed by the peel (1.69 mg/g DW), the pulp (1.67 mg/g DW), and columella (1.52 mg/g DW). The experimental TAC correlated well with the model (Adjusted R2 with values between 0.88 and 0.97). The highest effectiveness in ACG extraction was obtained in seeds and peels using UEA compared to extraction by maceration (993% and 650%, respectively). The results showed that A. muricata by-products are an important source of ACGs and that UAE could be a viable alternative, with high potential for large-scale extraction.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of 1,3-β-glucans from Dictyophora indusiata Using an Improved Fluorometric Assay

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Shang Lin ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Si-Yu Wei ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fluorometric Assay ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

In the present study, an improved fluorometric assay based on aniline blue dye for the specific, accurate, and rapid quantification of 1,3-β-glucans in edible mushrooms was developed and fully validated. Furthermore, the improved method was successfully applied for the quantitative evaluation of water soluble 1,3-β-glucans extracted from Dictyophora indusiata by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with response surface methodology. Results showed that the improved method exhibited high specificity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, and stability, as well as a wide calibration range of 10–600 µg/mL (R2 > 99.9%). The maximum extraction yields of water soluble 1,3-β-glucans (1.20%) and total polysaccharides (5.41%) were achieved at the optimized extraction parameters as follows: ultrasound amplitude (56%), ultrasound extraction time (15 min), and ratio of liquid to raw material (22 mL/g). The results suggest that the improved fluorometric assay has great potential to be used as a routine method for the quantitative evaluation of 1,3-β-glucans in edible mushrooms and that the UAE method is effective for the extraction of 1,3-β-glucans from edible mushrooms.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Annona muricata By-Products and Pulp

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Aguilar-Hernández ◽  
María García-Magaña ◽  
María Vivar-Vera ◽  
Sonia Sáyago-Ayerdi ◽  
Jorge Sánchez-Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
By Products

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is widely used; however, the efficiency of extraction depends on the raw materials. Therefore, optimization of UAE must be investigated for each type of plant material. By-products from soursop fruit have not been studied as a source of bioactive compounds. In this work, the optimization of UAE conditions (extraction time (5, 10, and 15 min), pulse cycle (0.4, 0.7, and 1 s), and sonication amplitude (40%, 70%, and 100%)) for the extraction of phenolic compounds (soluble, hydrolyzable, condensed tannins, and total polyphenols) from soursop by-products (seed, peel, and columella) and pulp was evaluated using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for UAE to obtain the highest total polyphenol content from by-products and pulp was dependent on the raw material. Peel resulted in the highest content of total polyphenols (187.32 mg/g dry matter [DM]) followed by columella (164.14 mg/g DM), seed (36.15 mg/g DM), and pulp (33.24 mg/g DM). The yield of polyphenolic content from peel and columella obtained with UAE was higher (32–37%) than conventional extraction for 2 h under stirring (14–16%). The contents of gallic acid (0.36–15.86 µg/g DM), coumaric acid (0.07–1.37 µg/g DM), and chlorogenic acid (9.18–32.67 µg/g DM) in the different parts of the fruit were higher in the extracts obtained by UAE compared with a conventional extraction method (0.08–0.61, 0.05–0.08, 3.15–13.08 µg/g DM, respectively), although it was dependent on the raw materials. Soursop by-products can be functionally important if they are used to extract bioactive compounds by UAE; a technology with high potential for commercial extraction on a large scale.

scholarly journals One New Royleanumoate fromTeucrium royleanumWall. ex Benth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Naser M. AbdElsalam ◽  
Hassan Fouad ◽  
Ahtaram Bibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Multiple Bond ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation ◽  
Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Multiple Quantum Coherence

One new royleanumoate, a benzene ester (1), has been isolated fromT. royleanumWall. ex Benth along with two known compounds, namely, 3,4-dihydroxymethyl benzoate (2) and oleanolic acid (3). The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was established on two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques including heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), heteronuclear multiple quantum Coherence (HMQC), and correlation spectroscopy (COSY) experiment.

scholarly journals Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from coriander seeds using response surface methodology

2016 ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Zekovic ◽  
Sasa Djurovic ◽  
Branimir Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Predicted Values

Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) seeds (CS) were used for preparation of extracts with high content of biologically active compounds. In order to optimize ultrasoundassisted extraction process, three levels and three variables of Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) in combination with response surface methodology (RSM) were applied, yielding maximized total phenolics (TP) and flavonoids (TF) content and antioxidant activity (IC50 and EC50 values). Independent variables were temperature (40-80oC), extraction time (40-80 min) and ultrasonic power (96-216 W). Experimental results were fitted to a second-order polynomial model with multiple regression, while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to assess the model fitness and determine optimal conditions for TP (79.60oC, 49.20 min, 96.69 W), TF (79.40oC, 43.60 min, 216.00 W), IC50 (80.00oC, 60.40 min, 216.00 W) and EC50 (78.40oC, 68.60 min, 214.80 W). On the basis of the obtained mathematical models, three-dimensional surface plots were generated. The predicted values for TP, TF, IC50 and EC50 were: 382.68 mg GAE/100 g CS, 216 mg CE/100 g CS, 0.03764 mg/mL and 0.1425 mg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling Bagian Akar, Batang, Daun, dan Biji Helianthus annuus L. Menggunakan Instrumen UPLC-MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Fitrotun Nasikhatul Maslakhah ◽  
Roihatul Mutiah ◽  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
Risma Aprinda ◽  
Arief Suryadinata
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the plants that can be used for herbal medicine as antimalaria and antioxidant. To control the quality of plant as raw material of herbal medicine, we need to analyze the metabolites or chemical compounds found in the plant. One of the techniques for this purpose is the metabolite profiling. Chemical compounds in the plants are obtained from different metabolic processes in each plant organs. The purpose of this study was to obtain the metabolite profile data, to identify the marker and major  compound of roots, stems, leaves and seeds of sunflower using UPLC-MS. Each plant organ was extracted using 96% ethanol by the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. Each extracts were then analyzed using the UPLC-MS instrument. The interpretation of the UPLC-MS chromatograms were then classified using multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the grouping effects and characteristic compounds in each organ. Based on the research, it is known that metabolite profiles of roots, stems, leaves and seeds of sunflower were different and the concentration of major compounds in each part are 5.9490%; 5.5558%; 8.6758%; and 9.2150%,  respectively.

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