Conventional and Advanced Exergy-Based Analysis of Hybrid Geothermal–Solar Power Plant Based on ORC Cycle

Today, as fossil fuels are depleted, renewable energy must be used to meet the needs of human beings. One of the renewable energy sources is undoubtedly the solar–geothermal power plant. In this paper, the conventional and advanced, exergo-environmental and exergo-economic analysis of a geothermal–solar hybrid power plant (SGHPP) based on an organic Rankin cycle (ORC) cycle is investigated. In this regard, at first, a conventional analysis was conducted on a standalone geothermal cycle (first mode), as well as a hybrid solar–geothermal cycle (second mode). The results of exergy destruction for simulating the standalone geothermal cycle showed that the ORC turbine with 1050 kW had the highest exergy destruction that was 38% of the total share of destruction. Then, the ORC condenser with 26% of the total share of exergy destruction was in second place. In the hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, the solar panel had the highest environmental impact and about 56% of the total share of exergy destruction. The ORC turbine had about 9% of all exergy destruction. The results of the advanced analysis of exergy in the standalone geothermal cycle showed that the avoidable exergy destruction of the condenser was the highest. In the hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, the solar panel, steam economizer and steam evaporator were ranked first to third from an avoidable exergy destruction perspective. The avoidable exergo-economic destruction of the evaporator and pump were higher than the other components. The hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, steam economizer, solar pane and steam evaporator were ranked first to third, respectively, and they could be modified. The avoidable exergo-environmental destruction of the ORC turbine and the ORC pump were the highest, respectively. In the hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, steam economizers, solar panel and steam evaporators had the highest avoidable exergy destruction, respectively. For the standalone geothermal cycle, the total endogenous exergy destruction and exogenous exergy destruction was 83.61% and 16.39%. Moreover, from an exergo-economic perspective, 89% of the total destruction rate was endogenous and 11% was exogenous. From an exergo-environmental perspective, 88.73% of the destruction rate was endogenous and 11.27% was exogenous. For the hybrid geothermal–solar cycle, the total endogenous and exogenous exergy destruction was 75.08% and 24.92%, respectively. Moreover, 81.82% of the exergo-economic destruction rate was endogenous and 18.82% was exogenous. From an exergo-environmental perspective, 81.19% of the exergy destruction was endogenous and 18.81% was exogenous.

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Renewable Energy for Robots and Robots for Renewable Energy – A Review

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574719001644 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1576-1604

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Hassan ◽

Mohamed El Habrouk ◽

Samir Deghedie

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Human Beings ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Viable Solution ◽

Production Environments ◽

Recent Developments

SUMMARYFossil fuel sources are well suited to fulfill the energy needs of human beings. Unfortunately, there are some limitations and disadvantages pertaining to fossil fuels, some of which are drastic. The main issues are: firstly, there is a finite supply of these fuels, eventually this supply will be exhausted; secondly, burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming, leading to disastrous consequences for the environment and the health of humans. Switching to renewable energy sources is the viable solution to the aforementioned issues. Robots bring numerous benefits in a wide variety of applications. Introducing robots to production environments and other applications results in a remarkable improvement in terms of productivity and efficiency. In this paper, the integration between robots and renewable energy sources is discussed. In other words, two main points are investigated: (1) how can renewable energy be a viable source of energy for robots and (2) how can the renewable energy industry benefit from utilizing robots in the execution of renewable energy-related tasks. Some of the recent developments concerning the integration between robots and renewable energy are reviewed. In addition, more opportunities and expected advancements are also discussed.

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A Geothermal Energy Supported Gas-steam Cogeneration Unit as a Possible Replacement for the Old Part of a Municipal CHP Plant (TEKO)

Acta Polytechnica ◽

10.14311/278 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

Author(s):

L. Böszörményi ◽

G. Böszörményi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plant ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Power Production ◽

Combined Heat And Power ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Environmental Considerations ◽

Steam Cycle

The need for more intensive utilization of local renewable energy sources is indisputable. Under the current economic circumstances their competitiveness in comparison with fossil fuels is rather low, if we do not take into account environmental considerations. Integrating geothermal sources into combined heat and power production in a municipal CHP plant would be an excellent solution to this problem. This concept could lead to an innovative type of power plant - a gas-steam cycle based, geothermal energy supported cogeneration unit.

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Post COVID-19 Recovery and 2050 Climate Change Targets: Changing the Emphasis from Promotion of Renewables to Mandated Curtailment of Fossil Fuels in the EU Policies

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14051347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1347

Author(s):

Kyriakos Maniatis ◽

David Chiaramonti ◽

Eric van den Heuvel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Global Economy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Global Climate ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Climate Change Policy ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

The European Union

The present work considers the dramatic changes the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the global economy, with particular emphasis on energy. Focusing on the European Union, the article discusses the opportunities policy makers can implement to reduce the climate impacts and achieve the Paris Agreement 2050 targets. The analysis specifically looks at the fossil fuels industry and the future of the fossil sector post COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis first revises the fossil fuel sector, and then considers the need for a shift of the global climate change policy from promoting the deployment of renewable energy sources to curtailing the use of fossil fuels. This will be a change to the current global approach, from a relative passive one to a strategically dynamic and proactive one. Such a curtailment should be based on actual volumes of fossil fuels used and not on percentages. Finally, conclusions are preliminary applied to the European Union policies for net zero by 2050 based on a two-fold strategy: continuing and reinforcing the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive to 2035, while adopting a new directive for fixed and over time increasing curtailment of fossils as of 2025 until 2050.

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Nigeria: Advancing the Cause of Renewable Energy in Nigeria’s Power Sector Through its Legal Framework

Environmental Policy and Law ◽

10.3233/epl-200246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (4-5) ◽

pp. 433-444

Author(s):

Olusola Joshua Olujobi ◽

Temilola Olusola-Olujobi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Power Sector ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Regulatory Policies ◽

Oil Sector

Fossil fuels have been the mainstream of energy supply and a major source of foreign exchange earnings for the Federal Government of Nigeria, in spite of being an unrenewable and unsustainable source of energy. Nigeria is yet to tap into the full benefits after privatising its power sector, including the new global evolution in the energy sector and the resulting increasing demand for renewable energy sources, which some consider to be cheaper and more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels and their allied products. Energy security is a challenge to socio-economic development in Nigeria, due to the country’s over-dependency on fossil fuels. In terms of their impact and the potentials to preserve energy sources for longevity and sustainability, however, fossil fuels will come to be seen as an out-dated alternative in the power sector as the energy industry evolves. The implications for Nigeria’s oil sector will not be limited to dwindling crude oil prices. The concerns include poor energy utilisation in Nigeria and the need to promote energy efficiency and sustainability. They have led to the formulation of new energy policies around the world to serve as a vehicle for translating solutions into reality. This study has adopted a library-based legal research method with a comparative approach. The study reveals that it is the lack of a coherent legal framework with incentives for using renewable energy that is largely seen as the key issue causing slow uptake of renewable energy as an alternative source of energy in Nigeria. As well as the need for a coherent legal framework on energy and incentives for using renewable energy sources, the study advocates stringent enforcement of existing energy regulatory policies.

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Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5142

Author(s):

Javier Menéndez ◽

Jorge Loredo

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

Coal Fuel

The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]

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The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in a Sustainable World

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x9200300407 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 430-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruud Pleune

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Use ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

World Energy ◽

World Concept

Present energy use - largely dependent on fossil fuels - is incompatible with the sustainable world concept. In a sustainable world, energy sources are renewable and used in a way that damage to the environment is minimalized. This study investigates the possibility of a sustainable world using renewable energy sources. It appears that - when strict energy conservation is applied - such a sustainable world seems to be attainable. This requires, however, drastic changes in most parts of society.

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The Potential of Using Renewable Energy Sources in Poland Taking into Account the Economic and Ecological Conditions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14227525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7525

Author(s):

Mariusz Niekurzak

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Technical Specification ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Renewable Sources ◽

Starting Point

The aim of the manuscript was to present the collective results of research on the profitability of using various renewable sources in Poland with the greatest development potential. In the paper, the economic parameters of various investment projects were determined and calculated, i.e., Net Capital Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Period of Return on Invested Capital (PBT). The economic assessment of the use of RES technologies was supplemented with the assessment of environmental benefits. The ecological criterion adopted in the study was the assessment of the potential and costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a result of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy technologies. On the basis of the constructed economic model to assess the profitability of investments, it has been shown that the analyzed projects will start to bring, depending on their type and technical specification, measurable economic benefits in the form of a reduction in the amount of energy purchased on an annual basis and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Moreover, the calculations show a high potential for the use of certain renewable sources in Poland, which contributes to the fulfillment of energy and emission obligations towards the EU. The analyzes and research of the Polish energy market with the use of the presented models have shown that the project is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational decision on the appropriate selection of a specific renewable energy source for their investment. The presented economic models to assess the profitability of investments in renewable energy sources can be successfully used in other countries and can also be a starting point for a discussion about the direction of energy development. Due to the lack of collective, original and up-to-date research on the domestic market, the manuscript provides the reader with the necessary knowledge regarding the legitimacy of using renewable energy sources, investment and environmental profitability.

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Pretreatments of lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind100217016p ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 283-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zlatica Predojevic

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Low Cost ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Environment Protection ◽

Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽

Lignocellulosic Feedstocks

The use of renewable energy sources (biofuels), either as a component in the conventional fossil fuels, gasoline and diesel, or as a pure biofuel, contributes to energy saving and decrease of total CO2 emission. The use of bioethanol mixed with gasoline significantly decreases gasoline consumption and contributes to environment protection. One of the problems in the production of bioethanol is the availability of sugar and starch based feedstock used for its production. However, lignocellulosic feedstocks are becoming more significant in the production of bioethanol due to their availability and low cost. The aim of this study is to point out the advantages and shortcomings of pretreatment processes and hydrolyses of lignocellulosic feedstocks that precede their fermentation to bioethanol.

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Performance Comparative Analysis of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Single Diode Solar Panel Models using the Five Parameters Method

Frontier Energy System and Power Engineering ◽

10.17977/um049v1i1p14-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Rizal Akbarudin Rahman ◽

Aripriharta Aripriharta ◽

Hari Putranto

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Input Data ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Panel Models ◽

The Cost ◽

Module Performance

The use of renewable energy as a source of electrical energyincreases every year. Unfortunately, Indonesia does not have manypower plants that utilize renewable energy sources. The mostpotential renewable energy in Indonesia is the sunlight with the helpof solar panels that converts solar energy into electrical energy.However, the environment could affect the solar panel module andin turn, affect the performance of solar panels or the generatedelectric energy. This research calculated the performance of solarpanels with a single-diode model using the Five Parameters methodthat required solar panel module specification data, the totalradiation absorbed by the solar panel module, and the temperatureof the environment. The Five Parameters method is a methodmodeled after solar panel module performance in the form of thesingle-diode equivalent circuit. The Five Parameters method isreliable in predicting the energy produced by the solar panels whenthe input data is limited. The results for using the Five Parametersin monocrystalline solar panels were Isc = 1.827 A, Imp = 0.662 A,Voc = 18.221 V, Vmp = 15.019 V, Pmp = 9.955 W. And the results inpolycrystalline solar panels were Isc = 1.926 A, Imp = 0.686 A, Voc =17.594 V, Vmp = 14.166 V, Pmp = 9.722 W. Based on the results; itwas concluded that the most efficient and optimised types of solarpanels on natural conditions in Sendang Biru Beach was themonocrystalline solar panel because it produced electrical outputpower of 9.955 W. Therefore, there could be a manufacturer ofsolar energy power plants to reduce the cost of electricity in thecoastal area, such as in Sendang Biru Beach.

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Experimental Studies on an Inclined Collector Divergent Chimney Pilot Plant

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 850 (1) ◽

pp. 012008

Author(s):

N Rajamurugu

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Low Cost ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

High Mass ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Solar Chimney ◽

Energy Agency

Abstract Renewable energy sources become suitable valid options to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels or petroleum products. The International Renewable Energy Agency reports that the world will harvest 40% of energy from renewable energy sources by 2030. Conventional technologies such as solar PV technology, consumes higher capital per unit (kWh) of electricity generation cost significantly higher than the traditional sources. Hence, solar chimney power generation system can be suitable option for generating low cost energy. Solar chimneys are developed and tested by different researchers in enhancing the performance of the system. Studies on the geometric modifications of the collector, and chimney are limited. The aim of this paper is to analyse the experimental data obtained from a divergent solar chimney. Experimentation is carried under sunlight in an open atmosphere. The airflow rates in the chimneys are tested under different collector outlet height. The experimental results showed that a chimney with higher collector openings was performed well than other models. The computational analysis is also carried out using ANSYS Fluent software package which shows that the collector opening of 2.5m is recommended for higher high mass flow rate and system efficiency.

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