Intensification of Dihydroxybenzenes Degradation over Immobilized TiO2 Based Photocatalysts under Simulated Solar Light

The work is focused on the assessment of possible methods for intensification of photocatalytic degradation of common water borne pollutants. Solar photocatalysis poses certain limitations for large scale application with several possible reactor designs which have shown an optimal performance. In the current study, a comparison between two types of pilot scale reactors was made: a flat-plate cascade reactor (FPCR) and tubular reactor with a compound parabolic collector (CPC). Apart from the reactor design, another aspect of possible intensification was a photocatalyst formulation. The efficiency of photocatalytic films that consisted of pure TiO2 nanoparticles was compared to the efficiency of films that consisted of TiO2/CNT composites. Intensification assessment was performed via detailed kinetic modelling, combining the optical properties of films, irradiation conditions and reactor mass balance. Intensification was expressed via intensification indices. Results showed the advantage of the CPC-based reactor design and an unbiased effect of sensitizing agent (CNT) in the photocatalytic film formulation.

Download Full-text

Disinfection of roof harvested rainwater for potable purpose using pilot-scale solar photocatalytic fixed bed tubular reactor

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2017.097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 49-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Saran ◽

P. Arunkumar ◽

S. P. Devipriya

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Tubular Reactor ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Silver Ions ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Solar Irradiation

Abstract The potable use of harvested rainwater is limited, mainly due to contamination with various pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection of microorganisms by solar photocatalysis is emerging as a promising technique for drinking water treatment. The present study deals with the preparation of Ag-doped TiO2 by the sol gel method, and its immobilization over the inner surface of the Pyrex glass pipes used in fabrication of pilot-scale reactors. The solar photocatalytic efficiency of the reactors was tested for the disinfection of microorganisms in tap water and roof harvested rainwater. The photocatalytic experiments under solar irradiation illustrate that doping with silver ions significantly increases the inactivation rate of all microorganisms compared with pure TiO2 and direct photolysis. The inactivation efficiency against various microorganisms was found in the following decreasing order: E. coli>MS-2 phage>Aspergillus spores. The roof harvested rainwater was completely disinfected in addition to chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, within 120 minutes of solar irradiation. The experimental cycle was repeated several times to study the stability of the reactor. The pilot-scale solar photocatalytic fixed bed tubular reactors were found to be very effective for the disinfection of rainwater for potable use.

Download Full-text

Chemical looping reforming in packed-bed reactors: Modelling, experimental validation and large-scale reactor design

Fuel Processing Technology ◽

10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.10.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 156-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

V. Spallina ◽

B. Marinello ◽

F. Gallucci ◽

M.C. Romano ◽

M. Van Sint Annaland

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Experimental Validation ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Reactor Design ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Packed Bed Reactors ◽

Scale Reactor

Download Full-text

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY WASTEWATER FROM BROWN COAL PROCESSING ¬ A REMEDIATION CASE STUDY IN GERMANY

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2013.808640 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 71-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arndt Wiessner ◽

Jochen A. Müller ◽

Peter Kuschk ◽

Uwe Kappelmeyer ◽

Matthias Kästner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Large Scale ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Wastewater Disposal ◽

Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽

Phenolic Wastewater ◽

Term Monitoring

The large scale of the contamination by the former carbo-chemical industry in Germany requires new and often interdisciplinary approaches for performing an economically sustainable remediation. For example, a highly toxic and dark-colored phenolic wastewater from a lignite pyrolysis factory was filled into a former open-cast pit, forming a large wastewater disposal pond. This caused an extensive environmental pollution, calling for an ecologically and economically acceptable strategy for remediation. Laboratory-scale investigations and pilot-scale tests were carried out. The result was the development of a strategy for an implementation of full-scale enhanced in situ natural attenuation on the basis of separate habitats in a meromictic pond. Long-term monitoring of the chemical and biological dynamics of the pond demonstrates the metamorphosis of a former highly polluted industrial waste deposition into a nature-integrated ecosystem with reduced danger for the environment, and confirmed the strategy for the chosen remediation management.

Download Full-text

Corrigendum to “Results of fly ash quality for disposal options from high thermal shares up to pure biomass combustion in a pilot-scale and large scale pulverized fuel power plants” [Renew Energy 75 (2015) 899–910]

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2015.01.051 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 685

Author(s):

A. Fuller ◽

M. Carbo ◽

P. Savat ◽

J. Kalivodova ◽

J. Maier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plants ◽

Large Scale ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Biomass Combustion ◽

Pulverized Fuel ◽

Disposal Options

Download Full-text

Water recycling at the Millennium Dome

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0643 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 287-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S. Hills ◽

A. Smith ◽

P. Hardy ◽

R. Birks

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Water Recycling ◽

Water Usage ◽

Customer Perception ◽

Recycling System ◽

Optimum Configuration ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

System Information ◽

System Water

Thames Water is working with the New Millennium Experience Company to provide a water recycling system for the Millennium Dome which will supply 500m3/d of reclaimed water for WC and urinal flushing. The system will treat water from three sources:rainwater - from the Dome roofgreywater - from handbasins in the toilet blocksgroundwater - from beneath the Dome site The treatment technologies will range from “natural” reedbeds for the rainwater, to more sophisticated options, including biological aerated filters and membranes for the greywater and groundwater. Pilot scale trials were used to design the optimum configuration. In addition to the recycling system, water efficient devices will be installed in three of the core toilet blocks as part of a programme of research into the effectiveness of conservation measures. Data on water usage and customer behaviour will be collected via a comprehensive metering system. Information from the Dome project on the economics and efficiency of on-site recycling at large scale and data on water efficient devices, customer perception and behaviour will be of great value to the water industry. For Thames Water, the project provides vital input to the development of future water resource strategies.

Download Full-text

Further Evaporation and Final Treatment of Process-Water Concentrates

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0691 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (11-12) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Paterson McKeough ◽

Leena Fagernäs

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Forced Circulation ◽

Final Treatment ◽

Solids Content ◽

Combustion Processes ◽

Future Work

The study is part of a longer-term effort aimed at developing a separate treatment process for evaporation-concentrates of paper-mill process waters. This article deals with research on the two key processing steps; namely, the further evaporation and the final treatment of the concentrates. In laboratory experiments, various feed waters, including several different TMP filtrates, were evaporated to high dry-solids contents. The condensates recovered in most experiments contained relatively small amounts of organic matter. The extent of vapourisation of organic acids, relative to water, increased somewhat with increase in dry-solids content. Two TMP concentrates from large-scale evaporation plants were further concentrated in a pilot-scale forced-circulation evaporator. Viscosity was the factor limiting the extent of concentration. Using an evaporation temperature of about 80°C, the maximum dry-solids contents achieved with the two different concentrates were about 45 wt% and about 60 wt%, respectively. Fouling of heat-transfer surfaces was observed with both concentrates. A techno-economic evaluation of final-treatment options for alkali-rich concentrates is under way. According to intermediate results, molten-phase combustion processes would not require support fuel once the dry-solids content of TMP concentrate exceeds about 50 wt%. The aim of future work is to optimise the overall treatment process.

Download Full-text

The effect of continuous tubular reactor technologies on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at pilot-scale for bioethanol production

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra04031b ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (31) ◽

pp. 18147-18159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José A. Pérez-Pimienta ◽

Gabriela Papa ◽

John M. Gladden ◽

Blake A. Simmons ◽

Arturo Sanchez

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Tubular Reactor ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Enzymatic Digestibility

A pilot-scale continuous tubular reactor increases enzymatic digestibility of four different feedstocks by removing xylan and effectively achieving economically viable ethanol concentrations.

Download Full-text