scholarly journals Comparative Study of Induction Motors of IE2, IE3 and IE4 Efficiency Classes in Pump Applications Taking into Account CO2 Emission Intensity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8536
Author(s):  
Victor Goman ◽  
Vladimir Prakht ◽  
Vadim Kazakbaev ◽  
Vladimir Dmitrievskii
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Life Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Urgency ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Co2 Emission Intensity ◽  
Technical Solutions

The high energy intensity of the modern industry and the threat of climate change determine the high urgency of increasing the energy efficiency of electric motors. In this paper, energy consumption, energy costs, payback periods, and CO2 emissions of 75 kW, 4 pole induction motors with direct grid supply in a fixed-speed pump unit are evaluated. Motors of the IE2, IE3, and IE4 efficiency classes according to IEC 60034-30-1 standard are compared in terms of life-time energy savings, payback period, and CO2 emissions. To carry out the analysis, polynomial interpolation of the data from the available manufacturer datasheets of the motors is used. It concluded that even though the initial investment cost of the IE4-motor is higher than that of IE3-motor, the IE4-motor is more profitable if more than 3 years of operation are considered and also provides significant reductions of CO2 emissions. The paper presents a calculation method of the aforementioned indicators which can be useful for companies, researchers, and engineers for quick assessment and selection of technical solutions.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Pump Units with Various Direct-On-Line Electric Motors Considering Cable and Transformer Losses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8120
Author(s):  
Vadim Kazakbaev ◽  
Vladimir Prakht ◽  
Vladimir Dmitrievskii ◽  
Dmitry Golovanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
High Urgency ◽  
On Line

The high energy intensity of the modern industry determines the high urgency of increasing the energy efficiency of production processes. However, a big number of motor types of enhanced efficiency classes are available on the market. The motor users can be confused about the choice of the right motor solution for a certain application. In this paper, to help with this choice the energy efficiency indicators of various types of electric motors in a low-power pump unit with a constant rotation speed are studied. Moreover, not only power losses in the motor are considered, but also power losses in the cable and transformer, which are influenced by the power factor of the motor. Induction motors (IMs) and synchronous motors powered directly from the grid (direct-on-line synchronous motor with permanent magnet in the rotor, DOL PMSM; direct-on-line synchronous reluctance motor without permanent magnet, DOL SynRM) of IE2, IE3, and IE4 energy efficiency classes are compared. To carry out the analysis, polynomial interpolation of the available catalogue data and experimental data of the motors are used. The main criteria for comparing different motors in this work are the energy savings over the pump’s life cycle and the payback period when replacing an IE2 motor with a motor of a higher energy efficiency class. The article shows that although the DOL PMSM has a lower motor efficiency than the DOL SynRM, it saves more energy due to its higher power factor, which reduces cable and transformer losses. It is also shown that, despite the highest initial cost, when taking into account cable and transformer losses, the payback period of DOL PMSM can be shorter than that of IE3 and IE4 induction motors. DOL SynRM has the shortest payback period in all considered cases, has no troublesome rare-earth permanent magnets, and can also be a valuable solution.

scholarly journals Potential energy savings and CO2 emissions reduction of China's cement industry

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 739-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ke ◽  
Nina Zheng ◽  
David Fridley ◽  
Lynn Price ◽  
Nan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Emissions Reduction

Optimisation of a Pump-Controlled Hydraulic System using Digital Displacement Pumps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Viktor Larsson ◽  
Robert Lejonberg ◽  
Liselott Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Pump Speed ◽  
Hardware Configuration ◽  
Control Optimisation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Parasitic Components

When electrifying working machines, energy-efficient operation is key to maximise the use of the limited capacity of on-board batteries. Previous research indicate high energy savings by means of component and system design. In contrast, this paper focuses on how to maximise energy efficiency by means of both design and control optimisation. Simulation-based optimisation and dynamic programming are used to find the optimal electric motor speed trajectory and component sizes for a scooptram machine equipped with pump control, enabled by digital displacement pumps with dynamic flow sharing. The results show that a hardware configuration and control strategy that enable low pump speed minimise drag losses from parasitic components, partly facilitated by the relatively high and operation point-independent efficiencies of the pumps and electric motor. 5–10% cycle energy reductions are indicated, where the higher figure was obtained for simultaneous design and control optimisation. For other, more hydraulic-intense applications, such as excavators, greater reductions could be expected.

An interactive LED lighting interface for high energy savings

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramprakash Kathiresan ◽  
Yeo Jiangang Kenneth ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Panda ◽  
Thomas Reindl ◽  
Pritam Das
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Led Lighting

The Optimum Energy Saving Measures for Retrofitting Residential Buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Rong-Yue Zheng ◽  
Jian Yao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Potential Energy Saving ◽  
Selection Of

A large number of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone of China are non-energy efficient with poor indoor thermal conditions. Retrofitting residential buildings with energy efficiency measures is thus important for residents. However, this work progressed slowly because practically applicable measures that not only have high energy savings but also improve indoor thermal performance have not been studied. Thus, this paper carried out a simulation study on the selection of suitable energy saving measures for residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone of China. Five potential energy saving options are considered and the energy, indoor thermal comfort and economic performance are compared. The results show that adding movable solar shades is the optimum option with all performance indices ranking first. Meanwhile, this measure is also the only acceptable energy saving solution for residents since its payback period is less than the lifespan of a building. As a conclusion, it is recommended to use movable solar shades as a first priority when retrofitting residential buildings.

Energy Efficiency in French Social Housing Renovations via Design-Build-Maintain

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Tadeo Baldiri Salcedo Rahola ◽  
Ad Straub ◽  
Angela Ruiz Lázaro ◽  
Yves Galiègue
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Bonuses And Penalties ◽  
Design Bid Build

The renovation of existing building stock is seen as one the most practical ways to achieve the high energy savings targets for the built environment defined by European authorities. In France, the Grenelle environmental legislation addresses the need to renovate the building stock and specifically stresses the key role of social housing organisations. In recent years, French procurement rules have been modified in order to allow social housing organisations to make use of integrated contracts such as Design-Build-Maintain. These contracts have a greater potential to deliver energy savings in renovation projects than do traditional project delivery methods, like Design-bid-Build. This is because they facilitate collaboration between the various actors and boost their commitment to the achievement of project goals. In order to evaluate the estimated potential of such contracts to achieve energy savings, two renovation projects (carried out by two French social housing organisations) were analysed from their inception until the end of construction work. The analysis is based on written tender documents, technical evaluation reports, observations of the negotiation phase (in one of the cases) and interviews with the main actors involved. Findings show that Design-Build-Maintain contracts do indeed offer substantial energy savings. Both projects achieved higher energy targets than those initially required. Furthermore, the energy results are guaranteed by the contractor, through a system of bonuses and penalties. Other results demonstrate that, compared to previous Design-bid-Build renovation projects, these projects were completed in less time (from project inception to completion of the work) and at virtually the same cost. There has also been a substantial improvement in cooperation between the actors involved.

Energy-Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks

2015 ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Saud Althunibat ◽  
Sandeep Narayanan ◽  
Marco Di Renzo ◽  
Fabrizio Granelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Participation Decision ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Fusion Centre

One of the main problems of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio networks is the high energy consumption. Energy is consumed while sensing the spectrum and reporting the results to the fusion centre. In this chapter, a novel partial CSS is proposed. The main concern is to reduce the energy consumption by limiting the number of participating users in CSS. Particularly, each user individually makes the participation decision. The energy consumption in a CSS round is expected by the user itself and compared to a predefined threshold. The corresponding user will participate only if the expected amount of energy consumed is less than the participation threshold. The chapter includes optimizing the participation threshold for energy efficiency maximization. The simulation results show a significant reduction in the energy consumed compared to the conventional CSS approach.

scholarly journals Energy and Cost Savings through Pumping Stations Rehabilitation. Case Study in Bucharest

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Sorin Perju ◽  
Alexandru Aldea
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Technical Solutions

This paper presents the results recorded by upgrading and rehabilitating the pumping stations for an urban water network with a primary goal of diminishing the operation and maintenance costs and a secondary goal of reducing the water losses in the water distribution network. The adopted technical solutions within the structural and functional modifications of the pumping stations have led to both the improvement of hydraulic parameters of the pumping stations and also the improvement of registered energy consumption. The undertaken modifications and transformations within the pumping stations led to significant energy savings and at the same time to important water losses reductions within the distribution network.

scholarly journals Novel Microwave-Assisted Method of Y2Ti2O7 Powder Synthesis

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5621
Author(s):  
Vladimir Chishkala ◽  
Serhiy Lytovchenko ◽  
Bohdan Mazilin ◽  
Edwin Gevorkyan ◽  
Vladimir Shkuropatenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Powder Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Pyrochlore Type ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Solvent Chemistry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Microwave Assisted Method

In the paper, a novel technique for highly dispersed pyrochlore Y2Ti2O7 is proposed. The experimental results proved that the application of microwave irradiation at a certain stage of calcination allowed synthesizing of Y2Ti2O7 in much shorter time, which ensured substantial energy savings. An increase up to 98 wt.% in the content of the preferred phase with a pyrochlore-type structure Y2Ti2O7 was obtained after 25 h of yttrium and titanium oxides calcination at a relatively low temperature of 1150 °C, while the microwave-supported process took only 9 h and provided 99 wt.% of pyrochlore. The proposed technology is suitable for industrial applications, enabling the fabrication of large industrial amounts of pyrochlore without solvent chemistry and high-energy mills. It reduced the cost of both equipment and energy and made the process more environmentally friendly. The particle size and morphology did not change significantly; therefore, the microwave-assisted method can fully replace the traditional one.

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