scholarly journals Distribution of Growth-Inhibiting Bacteria against the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Group I) in Akkeshi-Ko Estuary and Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuka Onishi ◽  
Akihiro Tuji ◽  
Atsushi Yamaguchi ◽  
Ichiro Imai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Seagrass Bed ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Group I ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

The distribution of growth-inhibiting bacteria (GIB) against the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Group I) was investigated targeting seagrass leaves and surface waters at the seagrass bed of Akkeshi-ko Estuary and surface waters of nearshore and offshore points of Akkeshi Bay, Japan. Weekly samplings were conducted from April to June in 2011. GIBs were detected from surface of leaves of the seagrass Zostera marina in Akkeshi-ko Estuary (7.5 × 105–4.7 × 106 colony-forming units: CFU g−1 wet leaf) and seawater at the stations in Akkeshi Bay (6.7 × 100–1.1 × 103 CFU mL−1). Sequence analyses revealed that the same bacterial strains with the same 16S rRNA sequences were isolated from the surface biofilm of Z. marina and the seawater in the Akkeshi Bay. We therefore strongly suggested that seagrass beds are the source of algicidal and growth-inhibiting bacteria in coastal ecosystems. Cells of A.catenella were not detected from seawaters in Akkeshi-ko Estuary and the coastal point of Akkeshi Bay, but frequently detected at the offshore point of Akkeshi Bay. It is suggested that A.catenella populations were suppressed by abundant GIBs derived from the seagrass bed, leading to the less toxin contamination of bivalves in Akkeshi-ko Estuary.

A novel parasite strain of Amoebophrya sp. infecting the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Group I) and its effect on the host bloom in Osaka Bay, Japan.

Harmful Algae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 102123
Author(s):  
Goh Nishitani ◽  
Keigo Yamamoto ◽  
Masaki Nakajima ◽  
Yoshiki Shibata ◽  
Waka Sato-Okoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Strain ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Osaka Bay ◽  
Group I

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella under different growth phases and conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (25) ◽  
pp. 3328-3341 ◽  
Author(s):  
DaZhi Wang ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
MingHua Wang ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
HuaSheng Hong
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella

scholarly journals Change in Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Depending on Dynamics of Harmful Alexandrium catenella (Group I) in the Geoje Coast (South Korea) during Bloom Season

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Baek ◽  
Jung Min Choi ◽  
Minji Lee ◽  
Bum Soo Park ◽  
Yuchengmin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
Nakdong River ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Group I ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
The Nakdong River

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by Alexandrium catenella (formerly A. tamarense) in Korean coastal waters caused the deaths of four people (in 1986 and 1996) who consumed contaminated mussels (Mytilus edulis). This led to more detailed consideration of the risks of PST outbreaks and incidents in Korea, including the introduction of shellfish collection bans. In this study, we investigated the relationships between A. catenella population dynamics and PST accumulation in the mussel M. galloprovincialis. Discharges from the Nakdong River affect the environmental conditions along the Geoje coast, resulting in low salinity and high nutrient levels that trigger blooms of A. catenella. At the toxin peak on 24 April 2017, the toxins detected in A. catenella cells were C1, gonyautoxin (GTX)1 and GTX2, whereas the concentrations of PSTs in M. galloprovincialis were high and in the order of GTX4 > GTX1 > GTX3 > saxitoxin (STX) > GTX2 > neoSTX > decarbamoylgonyautoxin (dcGTX)2 > dc GTX3. The PST level in mussels was also high. At 15 °C, the PSTs are constantly found to be higher (10-fold higher in 2017 and 30-fold higher in 2018) than safe levels for human consumption (80 μg STX diHCl equivalents 100 g−1).

scholarly journals Accumulation and depuration profiles of PSP toxins in the short-necked clam Tapes japonica fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella

Toxicon ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Samsur ◽  
Yasunaga Yamaguchi ◽  
Takefumi Sagara ◽  
Tomohiro Takatani ◽  
Osamu Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Psp Toxins

scholarly journals Heat stress as an innovative approach to enhance the antioxidant production in Pseudooceanicola and Bacillus isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahim H. A. Hassan ◽  
Wael N. Hozzein ◽  
Ahmed S. M. Mousa ◽  
Walaa Rabie ◽  
Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
High Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Sequences

Abstract It is well known that the quality and quantity of bioactive metabolites in plants and microorganisms are affected by environmental factors. We applied heat stress as a promising approach to stimulate the production of antioxidants in four heat-tolerant bacterial strains (HT1 to HT4) isolated from Aushazia Lake, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences indicated that HT1, HT3 and HT4 belong to genus Bacillus. While HT2 is closely related to Pseudooceanicola marinus with 96.78% similarity. Heat stress differentially induced oxidative damage i.e., high lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase levels in HT strains. Subsequently, heat stress induced the levels of flavonoids and polyphenols in all strains and glutathione (GSH) in HT2. Heat stress also improved the antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, CAT, SOD and POX in all strains and thioredoxin activity in HT3 and HT4. While GSH cycle (GSH level and GPX, GR, Grx and GST activities) was only detectable and enhanced by heat stress in HT2. The hierarchical cluster analysis of the antioxidants also supported the strain-specific responses. In conclusion, heat stress is a promising approach to enhance antioxidant production in bacteria with potential applications in food quality improvement and health promotion.

Povidone Iodine Sterilization of Contaminated CAPD-Exchange Spikes

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Golper ◽  
David L. Sewell ◽  
Linda West ◽  
Marge Trinklein
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Thirty routine CAPD exchange spikes (Travenol) were dipped in a Staphylococcus aureus suspension and then divided into three equal groups. Group I (G1) spikes were advanced from the bacterial suspension to a povidone-iodine solution for a five-minute soak; Group 2 (G2) spikes were advanced into a sterile, non-bacteriostatic, physiologic saline solution for a five-minute soak. Then G1 and G2 spikes were attached in the usual sterile fashion to dialysis bags pretreated with tryptic soy broth to enhance bacterial growth. Group 3 (G3) spikes were advanced immediately to pretreated dialysate bags. Cultures of the dialysis solution were obtained immediately after the spikes were connected to the dialysis bags, 48 hours later, and at weekly intervals for three weeks. All 10 of the G3 bags connected to spikes without soaking grew greater than 10 colony forming units/mi of S. aureus by 48 hours. All 10 of the saline soaked G2 bags also demonstrated growth at 48 hours. Only one of the 10 Gl povidone-iodine soaked spike bags grew detectable colonies of bacteria at 48 hours. We conclude that a five-minute povidone-iodine soaking of spikes contaminated with S. aureus usually will prevent bacterial growth but is not a perfect solution to the problems of spike contamination. The frequent occurrence of peritonitis remains the limiting factor to the widespread acceptance of CAPD. Oreopoulos et al proposed that 36.5% of episodes of peritonitis are secondary to contaminations at the connection site during the a CAPD bag exchange (1). Although the exact frequency is unknown, we agree that the likelihood is high that contamination at the time of the exchange is a common mode of bacterial access to the peritoneal cavity. When we established our CAPD programs we instructed our patients to change the tubing if the spike became contaminated. Patients only rarely notified us of this necessity, despite our suspicion that known contamination was occurring. Two of us asked the Bulletin's editors if one could manage spike contamination simply by soaking the spike in povidone-iodine (2). Vas recommended that the tubing be changed because simple soaking would not deal with contamination inside the lumen (3). We decided to study this issue further because we believed that patients would not comply with this recommendation.

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