Biologically Derived Gels for the Cleaning of Historical and Artistic Metal Heritage

In the general global rise of attention and research to seek greener attitudes, the field of cultural heritage (CH) makes no exception. In the last decades, an increasing number of sustainable and biologically based solutions have been proposed for the protection and care of artworks. Additionally, the safety of the target artwork and the operator must be kept as core goals. Within this scenario, new products and treatments should be explored and implemented in the common conservation praxes. Therefore, this review addressing metal heritage is aimed to report biologically derived gel formulations already proposed for this specific area as reliable tools for cleaning. Promising bio-gel-based protocols, still to be implemented in metal conservation, are also presented to promote their investigation by stakeholders in metal conservation. After an opening overview on the common practices for cleaning metallic surfaces in CH, the focus will be moved onto the potentialities of gel-alternatives and in particular of ones with a biological origin. In more detail, we displayed water-gels (i.e., hydrogels) and solvent-gels (i.e., organogels) together with particular attention to bio-solvents. The discussion is closed in light of the state-of-the-art and future perspectives.

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Scientific Datasets in Archaeological Research Through Pottery Dating and Provenance Cases

Applying Innovative Technologies in Heritage Science - Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2871-6.ch004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-84

Author(s):

Nikolaos A. Kazakis ◽

Nestor C. Tsirliganis

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Archaeological Research ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

Scientific Datasets ◽

Common Practices ◽

Recent Trends ◽

The Common

Recent trends in archaeological research dictate the incorporation of various analytical methods for dating, chemical/mineralogical characterization, morphological description, etc. of various excavation findings and landscapes to support and corroborate the archaeologists' observations. Each method, when used individually, provides a different feedback, but once single studies are combined, the information produced can significantly contribute to the solution of the archaeological puzzle. Thus, numerous scientific data and metadata are produced creating large and complex scientific datasets. The use of common terminology and definitions to describe these data along with the establishment of a formal standardized structure any cultural heritage information could be mapped to would assure the credibility and durability of such scientific datasets. The chapter provides an overview of the types and formats of the scientific data/metadata produced in the archaeological research through the detailed presentation of the common practices used in pottery dating and provenance studies.

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KOMIK DI LINGKARAN INDUSTRI MUSIK

DeKaVe ◽

10.24821/dkv.v1i2.158 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Terra Bajraghosa

Keyword(s):

Comic Books ◽

Music Industry ◽

Comic Book ◽

Narrative Approach ◽

Visual Narrative ◽

Common Practices ◽

Visual Style ◽

Song Lyrics ◽

The Common

Comic ges. Based on comprehention as a narrative media, comics in Indonesia are oftenly compared to bas-reliefs on Borobudur temple and Wayang Beber.. From many kind of stories Indonesian comic books recently offered, with the developed visual wrapping, some comics steal attentions by its unique themes. These comic books are created because of the inspiration and relation to music industry. These comic books couldn't be seen from the visual style alone, as they were created in many visual genres, but they could be seen from their relations to music industry, whether the mainstream or indie ones. These comic books are published together with the music CDs, telling fictional stories from factual bands or musicians, telling a band's factual stories, or created by one of the band members. To understand modes of creation of these music industry-related-comic books, visual narrative approach will be applied. Through visual narrative approach, the band members' or musician's necessity for telling stories via comics, beside the common practices via music and song lyrics, will be observed.Keywords : Comic book, music industry, visual narrative

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A review on the properties, reinforcing effects, and commercialization of nanomaterials for cement-based materials

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2020-0023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 303-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhifang Zhao ◽

Tianqi Qi ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

David Hui ◽

Cong Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cement Hydration ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Research Progress ◽

Market Survey ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Nano Silica ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Existing Problems ◽

Cement Based Materials ◽

The Cost

AbstractThe behavior of cement-based materials is manipulated by chemical and physical processes at the nanolevel. Therefore, the application of nanomaterials in civil engineering to develop nano-modified cement-based materials is a promising research. In recent decades, a large number of researchers have tried to improve the properties of cement-based materials by employing various nanomaterials and to characterize the mechanism of nano-strengthening. In this study, the state of the art progress of nano-modified cement-based materials is systematically reviewed and summarized. First, this study reviews the basic properties and dispersion methods of nanomaterials commonly used in cement-based materials, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate, nano-calcium silicate hydrate, etc. Then the research progress on nano-engineered cementitious composites is reviewed from the view of accelerating cement hydration, reinforcing mechanical properties, and improving durability. In addition, the market and applications of nanomaterials for cement-based materials are briefly discussed, and the cost is creatively summarized through market survey. Finally, this study also summarizes the existing problems in current research and provides future perspectives accordingly.

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Annelid Diversity: Historical Overview and Future Perspectives

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13030129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

María Capa ◽

Pat Hutchings

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Molecular Taxonomy ◽

Evolutionary Relationships ◽

Diverse Group ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Special Issue ◽

Species Numbers ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

A New Species

Annelida is a ubiquitous, common and diverse group of organisms, found in terrestrial, fresh waters and marine environments. Despite the large efforts put into resolving the evolutionary relationships of these and other Lophotrochozoa, and the delineation of the basal nodes within the group, these are still unanswered. Annelida holds an enormous diversity of forms and biological strategies alongside a large number of species, following Arthropoda, Mollusca, Vertebrata and perhaps Platyhelminthes, among the species most rich in phyla within Metazoa. The number of currently accepted annelid species changes rapidly when taxonomic groups are revised due to synonymies and descriptions of a new species. The group is also experiencing a recent increase in species numbers as a consequence of the use of molecular taxonomy methods, which allows the delineation of the entities within species complexes. This review aims at succinctly reviewing the state-of-the-art of annelid diversity and summarizing the main systematic revisions carried out in the group. Moreover, it should be considered as the introduction to the papers that form this Special Issue on Systematics and Biodiversity of Annelids.

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Caged-electron States and Split-electron States in Endohedral Alkali C60

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/d1cp01341f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

yifan yang ◽

Lorenz S Cederbaum

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Electronic States ◽

Electron States ◽

The Common ◽

High Level

The low-lying electronic states of neutral X@C60(X=Li, Na, K, Rb) have been computed and analyzed by employing state-of-the-art high level many-electron methods. Apart from the common charge-separated states, well known...

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Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1644

Author(s):

Joost van Hoof ◽

Hannah R. Marston

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Demographic Shift ◽

Welfare Systems

The number of older adults is increasing rapidly, and this demographic shift places an increased level of strain and tension on the various international healthcare and welfare systems [...]

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Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9020137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Chun-Yan Shih ◽

Pei-Ting Wang ◽

Wu-Chou Su ◽

Hsisheng Teng ◽

Wei-Lun Huang

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Emerging Trends ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Manipulating Hypoxia

Since the first clinical cancer treatment in 1978, photodynamic therapy (PDT) technologies have been largely improved and approved for clinical usage in various cancers. Due to the oxygen-dependent nature, the application of PDT is still limited by hypoxia in tumor tissues. Thus, the development of effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT is one of the most important area in PDT field. Recently, emerging nanotechnology has benefitted progress in many areas, including PDT. In this review, after briefly introducing the mechanisms of PDT and hypoxia, as well as basic knowledge about nanomedicines, we will discuss the state of the art of nanomedicine-based approaches for assisting PDT for treating hypoxic tumors, mainly based on oxygen replenishing strategies and the oxygen dependency diminishing strategies. Among these strategies, we will emphasize emerging trends about the use of nanoscale metal–organic framework (nMOF) materials and the combination of PDT with immunotherapy. We further discuss future perspectives and challenges associated with these trends in both the aspects of mechanism and clinical translation.

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