scholarly journals A Simple Device for the On-Site Photodegradation of Pesticide Mixes Remnants to Avoid Environmental Point Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3593
Author(s):  
Biagio Esposito ◽  
Francesco Riminucci ◽  
Stefano Di Marco ◽  
Elisa Giorgia Metruccio ◽  
Fabio Osti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Pesticides In Water

The worldwide increase in the number and use of agrochemicals impacts nearby soil and freshwater ecosystems. Beyond the excess in applications and dosages, the inadequate management of remnants and the rinsing water of containers and application equipment worsen this problem, creating point sources of pollution. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photocatalytic and photo-oxidation processes have been successfully applied in degrading organic pollutants. We developed a simple prototype to be used at farms for quickly degrading pesticides in water solutions by exploiting a UV–H2O2-mediated AOP. As representative compounds, we selected the insecticide imidacloprid, the herbicide terbuthylazine, and the fungicide azoxystrobin, all in their commercial formulation. The device efficiency was investigated through the disappearance of the parent molecule and the degree of mineralization. The toxicity of the pesticide solutions, before and during the treatment, was assessed by Vibrio fischeri and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata inhibition assays. The results obtained have demonstrated a cost-effective, viable alternative for detoxifying the pesticide solutions before their disposal into the environment, even though the compounds, or their photoproducts, showed different sensitivities to physicochemical degradation. The bioassays revealed changes in the inhibitory effects on the organisms in agreement with the analytical data.

Wet weather control demonstration activities in southeast Michigan: some lessons learned

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Murray ◽  
K. A. Cave ◽  
D. S. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Pollution Management ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Rouge River

Wayne County's Rouge River National Wet Weather Demonstration Project (Rouge Project) is a comprehensive program to restore the water quality of the Rouge River, a tributary to the Detroit River in southeast Michigan. The Rouge River Watershed is largely urbanized with over 1.5 million people in 48 communities and 3 countries. Sources of pollution to the river include industrial and municipal point sources, storm water runoff, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and other minor sources. While the Rouge Project first focused on controlling the 150 CSO discharges the focus shifted to other sources of pollution, such as storm water in order to restore the river. This paper describes the lessons learned in building institutional and regulatory frameworks necessary to accommodate a watershed approach to wet weather pollution management. Also described are the consensus building strategies which were used to engage numerous stakeholders, provide them opportunities to influence decisions, and participate in the Rouge River restoration. The Rouge Project is demonstrating that a watershed-based pollution management program is achieving faster and more cost-effective restoration and protection of water resources.

Effect of advanced oxidation processes on the toxicity of municipal landfill leachates

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Slomczynska ◽  
J. Wasowski ◽  
T. Slomczynski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Municipal Landfill ◽  
Pre Treatment

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (oxidation ozone and peroxide/ozone) on the toxicity of leachates from municipal landfill for Warsaw, Poland, using a battery of tests. AOPs used to pre-treat leachates were carried out in laboratory conditions after their coagulation with the use of FeCl3. The effects of the pre-treatment of leachates using the method of coagulation with FeCl3 depended on the concentration of organic compounds and with optimal conditions of the process ranged from 40 to 70%. Further pre-treatment of the leachates after coagulation, involving the use of oxidation with O3 and H2O2/O3, did not cause significant decrease of leachate toxicity. The data of this study demonstrated the usefulness of the battery of tests using Daphnia magna, Artemia franciscana, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Vibrio fischeri for the toxicity evaluation of raw and pre-treated leachates.

scholarly journals Hauled liquid waste as a pollutant of soils and waters in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract Hauled liquid waste as a pollutant of soils and waters in Poland. Improperly maintained holding tanks are often underestimated source of contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water. As a rule, wastewater stored in holding tanks, should be transported and treated in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). There are 2,257,000 holding tanks in Poland, located mainly in rural areas. The article presents the results of analysis of wastewater management in 20 rural and urban-rural communes, which were chosen at random from the total number of 2,174 communes in Poland. The only criterion of commune selection was total or partial lack of sewerage system. Analysis of the collected data showed that on average only 27% of liquid waste from holding tanks ended at the WWTPs. The median is even lower and amounts to 17.5%. More than 4,000 Mg of P and 26,000 Mg of N is dispersed in the environment in uncontrolled manner. Those diffuse point sources of pollution may be one of the reasons in the difficulty of achieving of good ecological status of rivers and affect the quality of the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals Presence of Pathogens and Indicator Microbes at a Non-Point Source Subtropical Recreational Marine Beach

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir M. Abdelzaher ◽  
Mary E. Wright ◽  
Cristina Ortega ◽  
Helena M. Solo-Gabriele ◽  
Gary Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
High Tide ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Water Detection

ABSTRACT Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution.

Microplastics from the Sources to Sinks: Assessment of Microplastics in the River Freshwater Environments and Wastewater Treatment Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H M Enamul Kabir ◽  
Masahiko Sekine ◽  
Tsuyoshi Imai ◽  
Koichi Yamamoto ◽  
Ariyo Kanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Marine Realm

<p>Freshwater microplastics pollution has been a recent focus. River freshwater microplastics pollution are vital towards freshwater ecosystems as well as have been the prominent source-to-sink conduits to export MPs into the marine realm. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as one of the major point-sources. To date, sources-to-sinks comprehensive knowledge are highly limited. This study explored sources-to-sinks microplastics pollution i.e., WWTPs-to-river-to-marine comprehensively. The two rivers i.e., Koya River (KR) and Nishiki River (NR) which are flowing to the Seto Inland Sea (SIS) and the WWTPs effluent samples were collected from selected (n=37) stations in the Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan. Filtration, wet peroxidation, and density separation methods were employed to extract microplastics particles. Polymers were identified via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average microplastics abundances were found KR—82.25±67.84 n/L and NR—38.73±24.13 n/L for the river water, and KRWWTPs—79.5±3.5 n/L and NRWWTPs—72.25±23.64 n/L for WWTPs effluents, respectively. The KR were found to be more polluted than the NR. WWTPs effluents were found posing higher abundances than rivers. Significantly higher microplastics concentration were found in the WWTPs downstream stations than other river stations. Characterization revealed that small MPs (<1000 µm) in size, fibers in shape, polymers— polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, vinylon were major in both of the WWTPs effluents and rivers. WWTPs influenced river environments by means both of the abundances and microplastics characteristics (shapes-size-polymers). The estimated source-to-sink emission demonstrated a substantial number of MPs discharge into the rivers by the WWTPs (0.007—0.086 billion/day) and rivers-to-SIS marine environments (1.15—7.951 billion/day). The emission represented that the WWTPs were the prominent point-source to cause river microplastics pollution. Rivers were the initial sinks of the Japan land-sourced microplastics and prominent pathways to emit microplastics to the ultimate marine sink i.e., SIS. Large amounts of MPs are being generated on land sources before the plastics wastes degrade into MPs secondarily. The pollution characteristics (shapes-sizes-polymers) indicated ecotoxicological threats to these rivers and the downstream environments. Overall, this study provided an insight of sources-to-sinks pollution, fulfilled the preliminary knowledge gaps of pollution occurring land-sources, fate and loadings. We recommended microplastics pollution control at source. This study will aid in developing microplastics pollution control and management strategies for environmental protection and sustainability in the regional Japan as well as global context upon “thinking globally and acting locally”.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Abundance, Point-source, Source-to-sink, Riverine microplastics pollution, Wastewater treatment plants</p>

Region-wide assessment of the land-based sources of pollution of the black sea

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. Sarikaya ◽  
M. F. Sevimli ◽  
E. Çitil
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
International Rivers ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
River Danube ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pollution Loads

Black Sea riparian countries have committed to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment of the Black Sea from land-based sources in accordance with Article VII of the Bucharest Convention. Gathering information on the sources of pollution was one of the basic requirements of the Odessa Ministerial Declaration of the Black Sea countries. This paper presents a summary of the outcome of the studies conducted to fulfil this obligation. The aim of this study has been limited to the point sources of wastewater discharges including domestic as well as industrial discharges. The inputs through main rivers were also included in the scope. Solid wastes directly or indirectly discharged or dumped into the Black Sea were not included in this study. Diffuse sources, surface runoff (storm water) and air emissions were not included in the scope of the study. In this paper, total domestic, industrial and riverine pollution loads of the major pollutants such as BOD, TSS, TN and TP were presented for each of the six Black Sea riparian countries after compilation of the data. Rapid assessment techniques of WHO were adopted in the study to estimate the pollutant loads of the point sources. The major source of contamination to the Black Sea arises as a result of the inputs of contaminants from international rivers, especially the River Danube. The other international rivers are also crucial in the pollution of the Black Sea, although the River Danube is the dominant pollutant source. The fact that the total riverine input is about 85% of the total pollution load of BOD demonstrates the significance of the control of the riverine sources. Total pollution loads of each Black Sea country and their breakdown as domestic, industrial and riverine inputs were presented both in graphical and in tabulated forms. Furthermore, the contribution of the oil pollution and pollution exchange through straits (Kerch and Bosphorus Straits) are also given.

Systems approach to effective water quality management in the Republic of South Africa, existing situation and expected future developments

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
P. Marjanovic ◽  
M. Miloradov ◽  
F. van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Management Functions

The new National water policy will change the way water quality is managed in South Africa. The paper considers the water policy and the repercussions it will have for water quality management in South Africa and proposes a system that can be used to come up with optimum solutions for water quality management. The proposed solution integrates policy and institutional arrangements with the Cadastral system for point and non point sources of pollution and optimisation tools to ensure optimal management of water quality at any given time. The water quality management functions catered for by the proposed system are: resource allocation for pollution discharge, water quality protection, water quality monitoring, planning, development and operation.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Use Load Duration Curves to Evaluate Water Quality: A Study in the Doce River Basin, Brazil

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia de Oliveira Serrano ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Fernando Falco Pruski ◽  
Marília Carvalho de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Load Duration ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity ◽  
Environmental Agencies

Although water availability depends both on qualitative and quantitative aspects, most studies focus only on one of these. Therefore, the goal here is to relate water quality and quantity with the construction of Load Duration Curves (LDC) and to estimate E. coli load patterns in different flow conditions, seasons, and positions of two sub-basins of the Doce watershed (Brazil): Piracicaba and Piranga. A novel methodology is proposed in which the Burr XII distribution is adjusted to the LDC to compare all observed loads to their respective Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), allowing the estimation of the relative difference (RD) between these. Higher values of RD were observed for low flows for the Piracicaba basin, more urbanized, where point sources of pollution are the primary concern, reaching up to 99% of needed load reduction. In the Piranga basin, more agricultural, there was a broader RD variation, from 9% to 97% load reduction needed, which is an evidence of point sources of pollution combined with non-point sources. The new methodology can be used to estimate the load reduction of any pollutant and can be used by environmental agencies to identify effective practices to minimize and control pollution in different locations of the basins.

Is the combination of nanofiltration membranes and AOPs for removing microcontaminants cost effective in real municipal wastewater effluents?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Miralles-Cuevas ◽  
I. Oller ◽  
A. Agüera ◽  
J. A. Sánchez Pérez ◽  
Ricardo Sánchez-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Economic assessment of treatment of municipal wastewater plant effluent containing microcontaminants based on the combination of nanofiltration and advanced oxidation processes (EDDS-assisted solar photo-Fenton or ozonation).

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