scholarly journals Presence of Pathogens and Indicator Microbes at a Non-Point Source Subtropical Recreational Marine Beach

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir M. Abdelzaher ◽  
Mary E. Wright ◽  
Cristina Ortega ◽  
Helena M. Solo-Gabriele ◽  
Gary Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
High Tide ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Water Detection

ABSTRACT Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of thermotolerant coliform in Canal de Passagem (Vitória - ES) - related to physico-chemical parameters and tide

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Mariana Magnago Alves ◽  
Gilberto Fonseca Barroso ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Neto
Keyword(s):  
Spring Tide ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Legislation ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

Abstract The Canal de Passagem (CP), Vitória - ES, is an estuarine system undergoing a process of environmental degradation due to the discharge of in natura and semi-treated sewage. The surrounding local community's use of the estuarine resources conflicts with environmental quality and this offers risks to public health. The objective of this study was 1. to evaluate the distribution of fecal coliforms in the HCP (multiple tubes method), relating it to the distribution of sources of fecal pollution, the dynamics of the tides and physico-chemical parameters, and 2. evaluate the results in the light of the limits established by Brazilian legislation to ensure the health of the users of the water whatever the use to which it is put. Samples were taken spatially and temporally, to assess the tidal cycle of the spring tide in the winter, autumn and spring seasons, and also of the neap and spring tides at two sampling events in the summer. The sanitary parameters - thermotolerant coliforms, physico-chemical, and tidal action, were considered. Meaningful correlations were found with the tidal regime. As conclusion, that the distribution of thermotolerant coliforms was related to the point sources of pollution, and the concentrations were different between spring and neap tides. This difference between tides is not taken into consideration by the Brazilian Bathing Water Legislation up to now.

Estimation of diffuse and point source microbial pollution in the Ribble catchment discharging to bathing waters in the north west of England

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wither ◽  
J. Greaves ◽  
I. Dunhill ◽  
M. Wyer ◽  
C. Stapleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
North West ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Bathing Waters

Achieving compliance with the mandatory standards of the 1976 Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) is required at all UK identified bathing waters. In recent years, the Fylde coast has been an area of significant investments in ‘point source’ control, which have not proven, in isolation, to satisfactorily achieve compliance with the mandatory, let alone the guide, levels of water quality in the Directive. The potential impact of riverine sources of pollution was first confirmed after a study in 1997. The completion of sewerage system enhancements offered the potential for the study of faecal indicator delivery from upstream sources comprising both point sources and diffuse agricultural sources. A research project to define these elements commenced in 2001. Initially, a desk study reported here, estimated the principal infrastructure contributions within the Ribble catchment. A second phase of this investigation has involved acquisition of empirical water quality and hydrological data from the catchment during the 2002 bathing season. These data have been used further to calibrate the ‘budgets’ and ‘delivery’ modelling and these data are still being analysed. This paper reports the initial desk study approach to faecal indicator budget estimation using available data from the sewerage infrastructure and catchment sources of faecal indicators.

scholarly journals Fecal Contamination and High Nutrient Levels Pollute the Watersheds of Wujiang, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Raju Sekar ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Jianwei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Freshwaters in China are affected by point and non-point sources of pollution. The Wujiang District (Suzhou City, China) has a long history of canals, rivers, and lakes that are currently facing various water quality issues. In this study, the water quality of four rivers and a lake in Wujiang was assessed to quantify pollution and explore its causes. Seventy-five monthly samples were collected from these water bodies (five locations/samples per area) from August to October 2020 and were compared with nine control samples collected from a water protection area. Fifteen physicochemical, microbiological, and molecular–microbiological parameters were analyzed, including nutrients, total and fecal coliforms, and fecal markers. Significant monthly variation was observed for most parameters at all areas. Total phosphorus, phosphates, total nitrogen, ammonium–nitrogen, and fecal coliforms mostly exceeded the acceptable limits set by the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection. The LiPuDang Lake and the WuFangGang River were the most degraded areas. The studied parameters were correlated with urban, agricultural, industrial, and other major land use patterns. The results suggest that fecal contamination and nutrients, associated with certain land use practices, are the primary pollution factors in the Wujiang District. Detailed water quality monitoring and targeted management strategies are necessary to control pollution in Wujiang’s watersheds.

Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Catchment Area of Neusiedlersee/Fertö, Austria/Hungary

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. v. d. Emde ◽  
H. Fleckseder ◽  
N. Matsché ◽  
F. Plahl-Wabnegg ◽  
G. Spatzierer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The One

Neusiedlersee (in German) / Fertö tó (in Hungarian) is a shallow lake at the Austro-Hungarian border. In the late 1970s, the question arose what to do in order to protect the lake against eutrophication. A preliminary report established the need for point-source control as well as gave first estimates for non-point source inputs. The proposed point-source control was quickly implemented, non-point sources were - among other topics - studied in detail in the period 1982 - 1986. The preliminary work had shown, based on integrated sampling and data from literature, that the aeolic input outweighed the one via water erosion (work was for totP only). In contrast to this, the 1982 - 1986 study showed that (a) water erosion by far dominates over aeolic inputs and (b) the size of nonpoint-source inputs was assessed for the largest catchment area in pronounced detail, whereas additional estimates were undertaken for smaller additional catchment areas. The methods as well as the results are presented in the following. The paper concludes with some remarks on the present management practice of nonpoint-source inputs.

scholarly journals A Simple Device for the On-Site Photodegradation of Pesticide Mixes Remnants to Avoid Environmental Point Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3593
Author(s):  
Biagio Esposito ◽  
Francesco Riminucci ◽  
Stefano Di Marco ◽  
Elisa Giorgia Metruccio ◽  
Fabio Osti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Pesticides In Water

The worldwide increase in the number and use of agrochemicals impacts nearby soil and freshwater ecosystems. Beyond the excess in applications and dosages, the inadequate management of remnants and the rinsing water of containers and application equipment worsen this problem, creating point sources of pollution. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photocatalytic and photo-oxidation processes have been successfully applied in degrading organic pollutants. We developed a simple prototype to be used at farms for quickly degrading pesticides in water solutions by exploiting a UV–H2O2-mediated AOP. As representative compounds, we selected the insecticide imidacloprid, the herbicide terbuthylazine, and the fungicide azoxystrobin, all in their commercial formulation. The device efficiency was investigated through the disappearance of the parent molecule and the degree of mineralization. The toxicity of the pesticide solutions, before and during the treatment, was assessed by Vibrio fischeri and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata inhibition assays. The results obtained have demonstrated a cost-effective, viable alternative for detoxifying the pesticide solutions before their disposal into the environment, even though the compounds, or their photoproducts, showed different sensitivities to physicochemical degradation. The bioassays revealed changes in the inhibitory effects on the organisms in agreement with the analytical data.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology and Predictors of Outcomes Among Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Large Community Healthcare System in South Florida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenae Samuels ◽  
Jianli Niu ◽  
Candice Sareli ◽  
Paula Eckardt
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Predictors Of Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to describe the presenting characteristics, epidemiology and predictors of outcomes among confirmed COVID-19 cases seen at a large community healthcare system which serves the epicenter and diverse region of Florida. We conducted a retrospective analysis of individuals with lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were seen, from March 2, 2020 to May 31, 2020, at Memorial Healthcare System in South Florida. Data was extracted from a COVID-19 registry of patients with lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Univariate and backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of key study outcomes. There were a total of 1692 confirmed COVID-19 patients included in this study. Increasing age was found to be a significant predictor of hospitalization, 30-day readmission and death. Having a temperature of 38 °C or more and increasing comorbidity score were also associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. Significant predictors of ICU admission included having a saturated oxygen level less than 90%, hypertension, dementia, rheumatologic disease, having a respiratory rate greater than 24 breaths per minute. Being of Hispanic ethnicity and immunosuppressant utilization greatly increased the risk of 30-day readmission. Having an oxygen saturation less than 90% and an underlying neurological disorder were associated with an increased likelihood of death. Results show that a patient’s demographic, underlying condition and vitals at triage may increase or reduce their risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, 30-day readmission or death.

Water quality modeling in the watershed-based approach for waste load allocations

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochuan Gu ◽  
Mei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Waste Load

The conventional method for waste load allocations (WLA) employs spatial-differentiation, considering individual point sources, and temporal-integration, using a constant flow, typically 7Q10 low flow. This paper presents a watershed-based seasonal management approach, in which non-point source as well as point sources are incorporated, seasonal design flows are used for water quality analysis, and WLA are performend in a watershed scale. The strategy for surface water quality modeling in the watershed-based approach is described. The concept of seasonal discharge management is discussed and suggested for the watershed-based approach. A case study using the method for the Des Moines River, Iowa, USA is conducted. Modeling considerations and procedure are presented. The significance of non-point source pollutant load and its impact on water quality of the river is evaluated by analyzing field data. A water quality model is selected and validated against field measurements. The model is applied to projections of future water quality situations under different watershed management and water quality control scenarios with respect to river flow and pollutant loading rate.

scholarly journals Hauled liquid waste as a pollutant of soils and waters in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract Hauled liquid waste as a pollutant of soils and waters in Poland. Improperly maintained holding tanks are often underestimated source of contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water. As a rule, wastewater stored in holding tanks, should be transported and treated in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). There are 2,257,000 holding tanks in Poland, located mainly in rural areas. The article presents the results of analysis of wastewater management in 20 rural and urban-rural communes, which were chosen at random from the total number of 2,174 communes in Poland. The only criterion of commune selection was total or partial lack of sewerage system. Analysis of the collected data showed that on average only 27% of liquid waste from holding tanks ended at the WWTPs. The median is even lower and amounts to 17.5%. More than 4,000 Mg of P and 26,000 Mg of N is dispersed in the environment in uncontrolled manner. Those diffuse point sources of pollution may be one of the reasons in the difficulty of achieving of good ecological status of rivers and affect the quality of the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals On the point-source approximation of earthquake dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bizzarri
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Earthquake Dynamics ◽  
Planar Fault ◽  
Source Models

<p>The focus on the present study is on the point-source approximation of a seismic source. First, we compare the synthetic motions on the free surface resulting from different analytical evolutions of the seismic source (the Gabor signal (G), the Bouchon ramp (B), the Cotton and Campillo ramp (CC), the Yoffe function (Y) and the Liu and Archuleta function (LA)). Our numerical experiments indicate that the CC and the Y functions produce synthetics with larger oscillations and correspondingly they have a higher frequency content. Moreover, the CC and the Y functions tend to produce higher peaks in the ground velocity (roughly of a factor of two). We have also found that the falloff at high frequencies is quite different: it roughly follows ω<span><sup>−2</sup></span> in the case of G and LA functions, it decays more faster than ω<span><sup>−2</sup></span> for the B function, while it is slow than ω<span><sup>−1</sup></span> for both the CC and the Y solutions. Then we perform a comparison of seismic waves resulting from 3-D extended ruptures (both supershear and subshear) obeying to different governing laws against those from a single point-source having the same features. It is shown that the point-source models tend to overestimate the ground motions and that they completely miss the Mach fronts emerging from the supershear transition process. When we compare the extended fault solutions against a multiple point-sources model the agreement becomes more significant, although relevant discrepancies still persist. Our results confirm that, and more importantly quantify how, the point-source approximation is unable to adequately describe the radiation emitted during a real world earthquake, even in the most idealized case of planar fault with homogeneous properties and embedded in a homogeneous, perfectly elastic medium.</p>

scholarly journals Part 2: Odor-Cued Grab Sampling of Transient Environmental Odor Events; Mapping the 'Rolling Unmasking Effect' of Downwind Odor Dispersion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Wright ◽  
Jacek Koziel ◽  
David Parker ◽  
Anna Iwasinska
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Transient Event ◽  
Animal Feeding Operation ◽  
Straight Line

Downwind odor characteristics can be very different depending upon the size of the upwind point-source, interim topography, and wind conditions. At one extreme, the downwind odor plume from a relatively large, confined animal feeding operation (CAFO), located on a flat open plain and under stable, near-straight-line wind conditions can be rather broad, sustained and predictable relative to a fixed receptor site downwind. In contrast, the plume from a small point-source (e.g., a roof vent stack) located on irregular topography and under rapidly shifting wind conditions can be intermittent and fleeting. These transient odor events can be surprisingly intense and offensive, in spite of their fleeting occurrence and perception. This work reports on efforts to optimize an environmental odor sampling strategy, which is optimized for the challenges of (1) sampling of such transient odor 'spikes' and (2) the prioritization of odors/odorants from multiple, closely co-located point-sources, under such transient event conditions. Protocol refinement has emerged by way of 2 environmental odor assessment projects which have been undertaken on behalf of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. The challenge of transient odor events has been mitigated utilizing rapid, odor cued whole-air grab capture sampling into metalized-FEP gas sampling bags, followed by immediate adsorption transfer onto SPME fibers or sorbent tubes for stabilization during the shipment and storage interval between collection and final analysis. Initial results demonstrated approximately 11 fold increases in target odorant yields for 900 mL sorbent tube transfers from 2-3 second 'burst' odor event bag-captures, as compared to equivalent direct collections at the same downwind receptor location but during perceived (stable) odor 'lull' periods. Results-to-date targeting refinement and field trials of this integrated environmental odor assessment strategy are presented. Preliminary application targeting general odor sampling and point-source differentiation utilizing tracer gases is also presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document