scholarly journals An Analytical Study on the Pull-Out Strength of Anchor Bolts Embedded in Concrete Members by SPH Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8526
Author(s):  
Chi Lu ◽  
Yoshimi Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Sph Method ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Failure Patterns ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Anchor Bolts ◽  
Pull Out Strength

As an important method for connecting structural members, anchor bolts have been installed in many situations. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the pull-out strength of anchor bolts has always been an important issue, considering the complicated actual installation conditions and the problem of aging deterioration of the structural members. In general, the patterns of pull-out failure of anchor bolts can be classified into three types: adhesion failure, cone failure, and bolt break. However, it sometimes shows a mixed fracture pattern, and it is not always easy to predict the accurate pull-out strength. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the pull-out strength of anchor bolts under various installation conditions using SPH, which can analyze the crack growth process in the concrete. In particular, the anchor bolt-concrete interface model was introduced to SPH analysis in order to consider the bond failure, and it was confirmed that various failure patterns and the load capacity could be predicted by proposed SPH method. After that, the influence of several parameters, such as bond stress limit, anchor bolt diameter, and the anchor bolt embedment depth on the failure patterns and the load capacity, were investigated by numerical calculation. Furthermore, several useful suggestions on the pull-out strength of anchor bolts under improper installation conditions, such as the ends of members for the purpose of seismic retrofitting, are presented.

A Numerical Study on the Pull-Out Strengths of Anchor Bolts Embedded in Concrete Using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 1111-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
Anchor Bolts

The strength of an anchor bolt in concrete structure under pull-out load is usually designed by three possible failure modes such as fracture of anchor bolt, cone failure of concrete and bond failure between anchor bolt and concrete. In general, the design load is considered the smallest load corresponding to the aforementioned failure mechanisms. However, unexpected failure often occurs in the anchorage zone due to the complex failure or the change of failure condition. Therefore, it is important to develop the accurate analysis method of ultimate load bearing capacity of the anchor bolt. In this study, we conducted an analytical study using Adaptive Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ASPH) in order to simulate the failure process of anchorage zone and discussed the effect of embedment depth of anchor bolts on their ultimate strength.

scholarly journals Study on Safety Performance of Building Finish Layer under Thermomechanical Coupling Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kai Yan ◽  
Yansong Hu ◽  
Kaozhong Zhao ◽  
Xin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Thermomechanical Coupling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Coupling Condition ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Anchor Bolts ◽  
Anchoring Strength ◽  
Pull Out Strength

The building finish layer is a comprehensive structural system including the building exterior insulation system and building exterior finish. Combining with buildings has the advantage of reducing wall heat loss and building deformation caused by large temperature differences. Since the building finish layer is prone to cracking, hollowing, and peeling, during the application process, its safety needs to be studied and certified. This study prepares 20 groups of specimens, 15 anchor bolts in each group. The anchor bolt pull-out strength test is carried out. Anchoring damage evolution law and failure mode of anchor bolts are investigated. And the influence of anchoring methods on the pull-out bearing capacity is analyzed. In addition, ABAQUS finite element data simulation is carried out. The stress state of finish in thermomechanical coupling condition and without the effect of temperature are compared and analyzed. The influence factors of anchor bolt pull-out strength and the influence of temperature load on the long-term performance of building finish layer are obtained. The durability of the building finish layer is analyzed. The results show that the anchoring strength of the anchor bolt is positively correlated with the anchoring depth. The anchoring strength is influenced significantly by anchoring construction sequence and temperature. The stress under the coupled effect of temperature and load is greater than that of the single effect of load, and the stress distribution changes significantly. Due to thermal expansion and contraction, the anchor bolt would loosen, which is more prone to damage the building finish layer in a low temperature environment. The weight relationship of each influencing factor of the building finish layer is proposed. A systematic evaluation index system is established. The results of this study provide a basis for subsequent related research work and engineering applications.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pigtail with J Anchor Bolt in Normal Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hairi Osman ◽  
Mohamad Nur Mustaqim Abd Shukor ◽  
Suraya Hani Adnan ◽  
Mohamad Luthfi Ahmad Jeni ◽  
Mohd Sufyan Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Anchor Bolts

Anchor bolts have been used to attach the steel structure of concrete and transfer load into the concrete. Anchor bolts in concrete are to withstand the shear force as they connect steel beams to the reinforced concrete foundations. The research was carried out to increase the understanding and investigating the performance of anchor bolts Pigtail since there is a lack of research on the bolt and to compare it with anchor bolts J which have been widely used by the industry. According to the methodology, testing the tensile load was used in this research to get a maximum load capacity of the anchor bolt in concrete. The sample was embedded in concrete cylinders of 75mm radius and 300mm height. Depths of embedment were 200mm, 230mm, and 260mm. The Universal Testing Machine, UTM was used to test the strength of tensile. 12 samples were used, each type and depth used two samples to get the average value using concrete grade 30. The samples underwent the process of curing for 28 days. The anchor bolts J used a 40mm bending radius and the length of hook was 100mm. Anchor bolts pigtail also used the 10 bending radius with depth of 8mm that have been compressed using 16mm radius rigs with a load of 500kN. Results of the research showed the depth of 260mm for Pigtail almost the same with J 60.529kN and 53.628kN and anchor bolts J were 75.557kN and 76.332kN. Difference of the values was not too far vary when compared with the 200mm and 230mm depths. Each comparison showed the ability of each bolt and anchor bolt failure occurred. Performance of the anchor bolts pigtail can be used on a structure or a higher load at an embedment of 260mm. Embedment of 200mm and 230mm can be used on a lighter load if steel material saving is a priority in every usage.

Split Set friction stabilizers: an experimental study of strength distribution and the effect of corrosion

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Stimpson
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Rock Reinforcement ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Strength Capacity ◽  
High Humidity Environment ◽  
Pull Out Strength

The pull-out strength of the widely used Split Set stabilizer for rock support, as measured in full-scale field tests in various rock types, has been shown to increase with time after installation. Several physical mechanisms for this increase have been postulated. In a series of laboratory tests in which one of these mechanisms, namely corrosion, was isolated so that its effect could be studied, anchorage capacity as measured by a special push test was found to increase up to 192% after Split Set samples installed in concrete were allowed to corrode for 90 days in a high-humidity environment. It is concluded that one major contributor to the significant increase of pull-out strength with time of Split Sets is corrosion. However, although substantial improvements in strength from this mechanism may be counted on over the short term, it is anticipated that over longer periods of time the strength capacity will decline as the amount of corrosion increases. The study also examined the distribution of strength along the length of the Split Set.Key words: rock reinforcement, friction stabilizers, load capacity, corrosion.

scholarly journals Estimation on Embedment Length of Anchor Bolt inside Concrete Using Equation for Arrival Time and Shortest Time Path of Ultrasonic Pulse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8848
Author(s):  
Chiwon Song ◽  
Young Jin Kim ◽  
Chang Beck Cho ◽  
Won Jong Chin ◽  
Kwang-Yeun Park
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Analysis ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Anchor Bolts

The bearings or the seismic isolation bearings that play a critical role in bridge structures are fixed to the substructure by anchor bolts. However, the embedment depth of the constructed anchor bolts does often not reach the designed one and may lead to safety issues. The present study proposes an ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) method to verify the embedment depth of the anchor bolts installed on bridges in-service. The P-wave of 50–100 kHz that is usually used in the NDT of concrete was transmitted from the head of the anchor bolt and its arrival time on the concrete cover was measured. The shortest arrival time of the ultrasonic pulse and the corresponding path were then analyzed to formulate their relationship and obtain the distance traveled by the ultrasonic pulse along the anchor by inverse analysis using the equation error estimation. The instability occurring in the inverse analysis is settled by regularization. Finally, the embedment depth of the anchor bolt can be estimated by the analysis of the graph plotting the position of the ultrasonic transmitter and the distance traveled by the pulse along the anchor. The proposed method is validated numerically and experimentally. The method is expected to contribute to the NDT of civil structures by making it possible to estimate the embedment depth of anchor bolts by the means of ultrasonic transducers using P-waves of 50–100 kHz.

scholarly journals Pull Out Strength Evaluation of Bonded-in Steel Bars in Pinus oocarpa Shiede Structural Members

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Júlio C. Pigozzo ◽  
Felipe N. Arroyo ◽  
Diego H. Almeida ◽  
Anderson R. Vobornik Wolenski ◽  
André L. Christoforo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Members ◽  
Strength Evaluation ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa ◽  
Pull Out Strength

scholarly journals Effect Steel Fibre Content on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Expansion Anchor

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7757
Author(s):  
Daniel Dudek ◽  
Marta Kadela ◽  
Marcin Małek
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cracked Concrete ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pull Out Strength

The article presents the pull-out strength tests carried out on M10 expansion anchors in non-cracked and cracked concrete with a crack width cw = 0.30 mm. The breaking loads and the average pull-out strength of anchors in fibre-reinforced concrete substrates were determined. Fibre content ratios of 15, 30 and 50 kg/m3 were used. In addition, two different classes of concrete (C20/25 and C50/60) were tested. The addition of steel fibres caused a decrease in the pull-out strength by 5% for non-cracked concrete of C20/25 class and fibre content up to 30 kg/m3 and a further 7% for the remaining specified dosage. While for concrete of the C50/60 class, it a decrease in the pull-out strength of up to 20% was observed. For cracked concrete class C20/25 with crack initiation cw = 0.30 mm, the reduction was from 9% to 16% in relation to non-cracked concrete and a maximum of 18% for the fibre content of 50 kg/m3. The difference between the tensile load capacity of C50/60 class cracked and non-cracked concrete was lower than 5% and fell within the measurement error.

DIFFERENT GLUELINE THICKNESSES PULL-OUT BEHAVIOUR OF MENGKULANG GLULAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengku Anita Raja Hussin ◽  
Oon Vincent ◽  
Rohana Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Glue Line ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
Line Thickness ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Pull Out Strength

Timber connection is still facing inadequacy of engineering studies. Mechanical and adhesive joints are the two main types of connections being used for timber connection. In this study, pull-out strength test is carried to determine the best glue line thickness and the failure modes occur. Three different glue-line thicknesses of 2mm, 3mm and 4mm was tested with holes thicknesses of 14mm, 16mm and 18mm  respectively were drilled on 9 with 3 specimens of each thickness. This test is carried out until failure in the specimen by using the Universal Testing Machine with load capacity of 1000kN and at the rate of 2mm/min. Phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) is the adhesive used for the strengthening purposes with ratio of PRF hardener and resin of 1:5 was used in this experiment. The dowel glued-in steel dowel is 10 mm in diameter from S 235 steel type. For the results; The data shows that glue line thickness of 2mm does generate the highest maximum load compared to 3mm and 4mm of glue line thickness with the value of 2.394kN compared to 2.223kN and 1.789kN respectively. However, glue line thickness of 3mm shows highest breaking load of 1.714kN compared to 1.631kN of 2mm glue line thickness and 1.454kN of 4mm glue line thickness. Therefore, it is proven that the 2mm glue line thickness is more superior in strength and shear stress than 3mm and 4mm of glue line thickness.

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